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<!--{
"Title": "Add a test"
}-->
<p>
Now that you've gotten your code to a stable place (nicely done, by the way),
add a test. Testing your code during development can expose bugs that find
their way in as you make changes. In this topic, you add a test for the
<code>Hello</code> function.
</p>
<aside class="Note">
<strong>Note:</strong> This topic is part of a multi-part tutorial that begins
with <a href="/doc/tutorial/create-module.html">Create a Go module</a>.
</aside>
<p>
Go's built-in support for unit testing makes it easier to test as you go.
Specifically, using naming conventions, Go's <code>testing</code> package, and
the <code>go test</code> command, you can quickly write and execute tests.
</p>
<ol>
<li>
In the greetings directory, create a file called greetings_test.go.
<p>
Ending a file's name with _test.go tells the <code>go test</code> command
that this file contains test functions.
</p>
</li>
<li>
In greetings_test.go, paste the following code and save the file.
<pre>
package greetings
import (
"testing"
"regexp"
)
// TestHelloName calls greetings.Hello with a name, checking
// for a valid return value.
func TestHelloName(t *testing.T) {
name := "Gladys"
want := regexp.MustCompile(`\b`+name+`\b`)
msg, err := Hello("Gladys")
if !want.MatchString(msg) || err != nil {
t.Fatalf(`Hello("Gladys") = %q, %v, want match for %#q, nil`, msg, err, want)
}
}
// TestHelloEmpty calls greetings.Hello with an empty string,
// checking for an error.
func TestHelloEmpty(t *testing.T) {
msg, err := Hello("")
if msg != "" || err == nil {
t.Fatalf(`Hello("") = %q, %v, want "", error`, msg, err)
}
}
</pre
>
<p>
In this code, you:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Implement test functions in the same package as the code you're testing.
</li>
<li>
Create two test functions to test the <code>greetings.Hello</code>
function. Test function names have the form <code>Test<em>Name</em></code>,
where <em>Name</em> says something about the specific test. Also, test
functions take a pointer to the <code>testing</code> package's
<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/testing/#T"><code>testing.T</code>
type</a> as a parameter. You use this parameter's methods for reporting
and logging from your test.
</li>
<li>
Implement two tests:
<ul>
<li>
<code>TestHelloName</code> calls the <code>Hello</code> function,
passing a <code>name</code> value with which the function should be
able to return a valid response message. If the call returns an
error or an unexpected response message (one that doesn't include
the name you passed in), you use the <code>t</code> parameter's
<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/testing/#T.Fatalf">
<code>Fatalf</code> method</a> to print a message to the console
and end execution.
</li>
<li>
<code>TestHelloEmpty</code> calls the <code>Hello</code> function
with an empty string. This test is designed to confirm that your
error handling works. If the call returns a non-empty string or no
error, you use the <code>t</code> parameter's <code>Fatalf</code>
method to print a message to the console and end execution.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
At the command line in the greetings directory, run the
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Test_packages"
><code>go test</code> command</a
>
to execute the test.
<p>
The <code>go test</code> command executes test functions (whose names
begin with <code>Test</code>) in test files (whose names end with
_test.go). You can add the <code>-v</code> flag to get verbose output that
lists all of the tests and their results.
</p>
<p>
The tests should pass.
</p>
<pre>
$ go test
PASS
ok example.com/greetings 0.364s
$ go test -v
=== RUN TestHelloName
--- PASS: TestHelloName (0.00s)
=== RUN TestHelloEmpty
--- PASS: TestHelloEmpty (0.00s)
PASS
ok example.com/greetings 0.372s
</pre
>
</li>
<li>
Break the <code>greetings.Hello</code> function to view a failing test.
<p>
The <code>TestHelloName</code> test function checks the return value for
the name you specified as a <code>Hello</code> function parameter. To view
a failing test result, change the <code>greetings.Hello</code> function so
that it no longer includes the name.
</p>
<p>
In greetings/greetings.go, paste the following code in place of the
<code>Hello</code> function. Note that the highlighted lines change the
value that the function returns, as if the <code>name</code> argument had
been accidentally removed.
</p>
<pre>
// Hello returns a greeting for the named person.
func Hello(name string) (string, error) {
// If no name was given, return an error with a message.
if name == "" {
return name, errors.New("empty name")
}
// Create a message using a random format.
<ins>// message := fmt.Sprintf(randomFormat(), name)
message := fmt.Sprint(randomFormat())</ins>
return message, nil
}
</pre>
</li>
<li>
At the command line in the greetings directory, run <code>go test</code> to
execute the test.
<p>
This time, run <code>go test</code> without the <code>-v</code> flag. The
output will include results for only the tests that failed, which can be
useful when you have a lot of tests. The <code>TestHelloName</code> test
should fail -- <code>TestHelloEmpty</code> still passes.
</p>
<pre>
$ go test
--- FAIL: TestHelloName (0.00s)
greetings_test.go:15: Hello("Gladys") = "Hail, %v! Well met!", &lt;nil>, want match for `\bGladys\b`, nil
FAIL
exit status 1
FAIL example.com/greetings 0.182s
</pre
>
</li>
</ol>
<p>
In the next (and last) topic, you'll see how to compile and install your code
to run it locally.
</p>
<p class="Navigation">
<a class="Navigation-prev" href="/doc/tutorial/greetings-multiple-people.html"
>&lt; Return greetings for multiple people</a
>
<a class="Navigation-next" href="/doc/tutorial/compile-install.html"
>Compile and install the application &gt;</a
>
</p>