vulncheck/utils.go

// Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package vulncheck

import (
	"bytes"
	"go/token"
	"go/types"
	"os"
	"strings"

	"golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph"
	"golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph/cha"
	"golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph/vta"
	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa/ssautil"
	"golang.org/x/tools/go/types/typeutil"

	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa"
)

// buildSSA creates an ssa representation for pkgs. Returns
// the ssa program encapsulating the packages and top level
// ssa packages corresponding to pkgs.
func buildSSA(pkgs []*Package, fset *token.FileSet) (*ssa.Program, []*ssa.Package) {
	prog := ssa.NewProgram(fset, ssa.BuilderMode(0))

	imports := make(map[*Package]*ssa.Package)
	var createImports func([]*Package)
	createImports = func(pkgs []*Package) {
		for _, p := range pkgs {
			if _, ok := imports[p]; !ok {
				i := prog.CreatePackage(p.Pkg, p.Syntax, p.TypesInfo, true)
				imports[p] = i
				createImports(p.Imports)
			}
		}
	}

	for _, tp := range pkgs {
		createImports(tp.Imports)
	}

	var ssaPkgs []*ssa.Package
	for _, tp := range pkgs {
		if sp, ok := imports[tp]; ok {
			ssaPkgs = append(ssaPkgs, sp)
		} else {
			sp := prog.CreatePackage(tp.Pkg, tp.Syntax, tp.TypesInfo, false)
			ssaPkgs = append(ssaPkgs, sp)
		}
	}
	prog.Build()
	return prog, ssaPkgs
}

// callGraph builds a call graph of prog based on VTA analysis.
func callGraph(prog *ssa.Program, entries []*ssa.Function) *callgraph.Graph {
	entrySlice := make(map[*ssa.Function]bool)
	for _, e := range entries {
		entrySlice[e] = true
	}
	initial := cha.CallGraph(prog)
	allFuncs := ssautil.AllFunctions(prog)

	fslice := forwardReachableFrom(entrySlice, initial)
	// Keep only actually linked functions.
	pruneSet(fslice, allFuncs)
	vtaCg := vta.CallGraph(fslice, initial)

	// Repeat the process once more, this time using
	// the produced VTA call graph as the base graph.
	fslice = forwardReachableFrom(entrySlice, vtaCg)
	pruneSet(fslice, allFuncs)

	return vta.CallGraph(fslice, vtaCg)
}

// siteCallees computes a set of callees for call site `call` given program `callgraph`.
func siteCallees(call ssa.CallInstruction, callgraph *callgraph.Graph) []*ssa.Function {
	var matches []*ssa.Function

	node := callgraph.Nodes[call.Parent()]
	if node == nil {
		return nil
	}

	for _, edge := range node.Out {
		// Some callgraph analyses, such as CHA, might return synthetic (interface)
		// methods as well as the concrete methods. Skip such synthetic functions.
		if edge.Site == call {
			matches = append(matches, edge.Callee.Func)
		}
	}
	return matches
}

// dbTypeFormat formats the name of t according how types
// are encoded in vulnerability database:
//   - pointer designation * is skipped
//   - full path prefix is skipped as well
func dbTypeFormat(t types.Type) string {
	switch tt := t.(type) {
	case *types.Pointer:
		return dbTypeFormat(tt.Elem())
	case *types.Named:
		return tt.Obj().Name()
	default:
		return types.TypeString(t, func(p *types.Package) string { return "" })
	}
}

// dbFuncName computes a function name consistent with the namings used in vulnerability
// databases. Effectively, a qualified name of a function local to its enclosing package.
// If a receiver is a pointer, this information is not encoded in the resulting name. The
// name of anonymous functions is simply "". The function names are unique subject to the
// enclosing package, but not globally.
//
// Examples:
//
//	func (a A) foo (...) {...}  -> A.foo
//	func foo(...) {...}         -> foo
//	func (b *B) bar (...) {...} -> B.bar
func dbFuncName(f *ssa.Function) string {
	selectBound := func(f *ssa.Function) types.Type {
		// If f is a "bound" function introduced by ssa for a given type, return the type.
		// When "f" is a "bound" function, it will have 1 free variable of that type within
		// the function. This is subject to change when ssa changes.
		if len(f.FreeVars) == 1 && strings.HasPrefix(f.Synthetic, "bound ") {
			return f.FreeVars[0].Type()
		}
		return nil
	}
	selectThunk := func(f *ssa.Function) types.Type {
		// If f is a "thunk" function introduced by ssa for a given type, return the type.
		// When "f" is a "thunk" function, the first parameter will have that type within
		// the function. This is subject to change when ssa changes.
		params := f.Signature.Params() // params.Len() == 1 then params != nil.
		if strings.HasPrefix(f.Synthetic, "thunk ") && params.Len() >= 1 {
			if first := params.At(0); first != nil {
				return first.Type()
			}
		}
		return nil
	}
	var qprefix string
	if recv := f.Signature.Recv(); recv != nil {
		qprefix = dbTypeFormat(recv.Type())
	} else if btype := selectBound(f); btype != nil {
		qprefix = dbTypeFormat(btype)
	} else if ttype := selectThunk(f); ttype != nil {
		qprefix = dbTypeFormat(ttype)
	}

	if qprefix == "" {
		return f.Name()
	}
	return qprefix + "." + f.Name()
}

// dbTypesFuncName is dbFuncName defined over *types.Func.
func dbTypesFuncName(f *types.Func) string {
	sig := f.Type().(*types.Signature)
	if sig.Recv() == nil {
		return f.Name()
	}
	return dbTypeFormat(sig.Recv().Type()) + "." + f.Name()
}

// memberFuncs returns functions associated with the `member`:
// 1) `member` itself if `member` is a function
// 2) `member` methods if `member` is a type
// 3) empty list otherwise
func memberFuncs(member ssa.Member, prog *ssa.Program) []*ssa.Function {
	switch t := member.(type) {
	case *ssa.Type:
		methods := typeutil.IntuitiveMethodSet(t.Type(), &prog.MethodSets)
		var funcs []*ssa.Function
		for _, m := range methods {
			if f := prog.MethodValue(m); f != nil {
				funcs = append(funcs, f)
			}
		}
		return funcs
	case *ssa.Function:
		return []*ssa.Function{t}
	default:
		return nil
	}
}

// funcPosition gives the position of `f`. Returns empty token.Position
// if no file information on `f` is available.
func funcPosition(f *ssa.Function) *token.Position {
	pos := f.Prog.Fset.Position(f.Pos())
	return &pos
}

// instrPosition gives the position of `instr`. Returns empty token.Position
// if no file information on `instr` is available.
func instrPosition(instr ssa.Instruction) *token.Position {
	pos := instr.Parent().Prog.Fset.Position(instr.Pos())
	return &pos
}

func resolved(call ssa.CallInstruction) bool {
	if call == nil {
		return true
	}
	return call.Common().StaticCallee() != nil
}

func callRecvType(call ssa.CallInstruction) string {
	if !call.Common().IsInvoke() {
		return ""
	}
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	types.WriteType(buf, call.Common().Value.Type(), nil)
	return buf.String()
}

func funcRecvType(f *ssa.Function) string {
	v := f.Signature.Recv()
	if v == nil {
		return ""
	}
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	types.WriteType(buf, v.Type(), nil)
	return buf.String()
}

func lookupEnv(key, defaultValue string) string {
	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv(key); ok {
		return v
	}
	return defaultValue
}

// allSymbols returns all top-level functions and methods defined in pkg.
func allSymbols(pkg *types.Package) []string {
	var names []string
	scope := pkg.Scope()
	for _, name := range scope.Names() {
		o := scope.Lookup(name)
		switch o := o.(type) {
		case *types.Func:
			names = append(names, dbTypesFuncName(o))
		case *types.TypeName:
			ms := types.NewMethodSet(types.NewPointer(o.Type()))
			for i := 0; i < ms.Len(); i++ {
				if f, ok := ms.At(i).Obj().(*types.Func); ok {
					names = append(names, dbTypesFuncName(f))
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return names
}