reflect/protoregistry: add compile-time opt-out for registration conflicts

The next release of this module will panic on registration conflicts.
While we have been warning that this will become a fatal error for about
a year now, it's almost certainly the case that some users still have
ambiguous registrations.

In addition to the GOLANG_PROTOBUF_REGISTRATION_CONFLICT environment variable,
also define a linker-initialized variable that users can set.

Change-Id: I3325d841b9b6c692e2862100d81aebdcfda069fc
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/protobuf/+/295349
Trust: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Trust: Joe Tsai <thebrokentoaster@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Neil <dneil@google.com>
diff --git a/reflect/protoregistry/registry.go b/reflect/protoregistry/registry.go
index c04d5f1..66dcbcd 100644
--- a/reflect/protoregistry/registry.go
+++ b/reflect/protoregistry/registry.go
@@ -27,14 +27,30 @@
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
 )
 
+// conflictPolicy configures the policy for handling registration conflicts.
+//
+// It can be over-written at compile time with a linker-initialized variable:
+//	go build -ldflags "-X google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoregistry.conflictPolicy=warn"
+//
+// It can be over-written at program execution with an environment variable:
+//	GOLANG_PROTOBUF_REGISTRATION_CONFLICT=warn ./main
+//
+// Neither of the above are covered by the compatibility promise and
+// may be removed in a future release of this module.
+var conflictPolicy = "panic" // "panic" | "warn" | "ignore"
+
 // ignoreConflict reports whether to ignore a registration conflict
 // given the descriptor being registered and the error.
 // It is a variable so that the behavior is easily overridden in another file.
 var ignoreConflict = func(d protoreflect.Descriptor, err error) bool {
 	const env = "GOLANG_PROTOBUF_REGISTRATION_CONFLICT"
 	const faq = "https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/go/faq#namespace-conflict"
-	switch os.Getenv(env) {
-	case "panic", "":
+	policy := conflictPolicy
+	if v := os.Getenv(env); v != "" {
+		policy = v
+	}
+	switch policy {
+	case "panic":
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("%v\nSee %v\n", err, faq))
 	case "warn":
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARNING: %v\nSee %v\n\n", err, faq)