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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Time-related runtime and pieces of package time.
package runtime
import (
"runtime/internal/sys"
"unsafe"
)
// Package time knows the layout of this structure.
// If this struct changes, adjust ../time/sleep.go:/runtimeTimer.
// For GOOS=nacl, package syscall knows the layout of this structure.
// If this struct changes, adjust ../syscall/net_nacl.go:/runtimeTimer.
type timer struct {
tb *timersBucket // the bucket the timer lives in
i int // heap index
// Timer wakes up at when, and then at when+period, ... (period > 0 only)
// each time calling f(arg, now) in the timer goroutine, so f must be
// a well-behaved function and not block.
when int64
period int64
f func(interface{}, uintptr)
arg interface{}
seq uintptr
}
// timersLen is the length of timers array.
//
// Ideally, this would be set to GOMAXPROCS, but that would require
// dynamic reallocation
//
// The current value is a compromise between memory usage and performance
// that should cover the majority of GOMAXPROCS values used in the wild.
const timersLen = 64
// timers contains "per-P" timer heaps.
//
// Timers are queued into timersBucket associated with the current P,
// so each P may work with its own timers independently of other P instances.
//
// Each timersBucket may be associated with multiple P
// if GOMAXPROCS > timersLen.
var timers [timersLen]struct {
timersBucket
// The padding should eliminate false sharing
// between timersBucket values.
pad [sys.CacheLineSize - unsafe.Sizeof(timersBucket{})%sys.CacheLineSize]byte
}
func (t *timer) assignBucket() *timersBucket {
id := uint8(getg().m.p.ptr().id) % timersLen
t.tb = &timers[id].timersBucket
return t.tb
}
//go:notinheap
type timersBucket struct {
lock mutex
gp *g
created bool
sleeping bool
rescheduling bool
sleepUntil int64
waitnote note
t []*timer
}
// nacl fake time support - time in nanoseconds since 1970
var faketime int64
// Package time APIs.
// Godoc uses the comments in package time, not these.
// time.now is implemented in assembly.
// timeSleep puts the current goroutine to sleep for at least ns nanoseconds.
//go:linkname timeSleep time.Sleep
func timeSleep(ns int64) {
if ns <= 0 {
return
}
gp := getg()
t := gp.timer
if t == nil {
t = new(timer)
gp.timer = t
}
*t = timer{}
t.when = nanotime() + ns
t.f = goroutineReady
t.arg = gp
tb := t.assignBucket()
lock(&tb.lock)
if !tb.addtimerLocked(t) {
unlock(&tb.lock)
badTimer()
}
goparkunlock(&tb.lock, waitReasonSleep, traceEvGoSleep, 2)
}
// startTimer adds t to the timer heap.
//go:linkname startTimer time.startTimer
func startTimer(t *timer) {
if raceenabled {
racerelease(unsafe.Pointer(t))
}
addtimer(t)
}
// stopTimer removes t from the timer heap if it is there.
// It returns true if t was removed, false if t wasn't even there.
//go:linkname stopTimer time.stopTimer
func stopTimer(t *timer) bool {
return deltimer(t)
}
// Go runtime.
// Ready the goroutine arg.
func goroutineReady(arg interface{}, seq uintptr) {
goready(arg.(*g), 0)
}
func addtimer(t *timer) {
tb := t.assignBucket()
lock(&tb.lock)
ok := tb.addtimerLocked(t)
unlock(&tb.lock)
if !ok {
badTimer()
}
}
// Add a timer to the heap and start or kick timerproc if the new timer is
// earlier than any of the others.
// Timers are locked.
// Returns whether all is well: false if the data structure is corrupt
// due to user-level races.
func (tb *timersBucket) addtimerLocked(t *timer) bool {
// when must never be negative; otherwise timerproc will overflow
// during its delta calculation and never expire other runtime timers.
if t.when < 0 {
t.when = 1<<63 - 1
}
t.i = len(tb.t)
tb.t = append(tb.t, t)
if !siftupTimer(tb.t, t.i) {
return false
}
if t.i == 0 {
// siftup moved to top: new earliest deadline.
if tb.sleeping {
tb.sleeping = false
notewakeup(&tb.waitnote)
}
if tb.rescheduling {
tb.rescheduling = false
goready(tb.gp, 0)
}
}
if !tb.created {
tb.created = true
expectSystemGoroutine()
go timerproc(tb)
}
return true
}
// Delete timer t from the heap.
// Do not need to update the timerproc: if it wakes up early, no big deal.
func deltimer(t *timer) bool {
if t.tb == nil {
// t.tb can be nil if the user created a timer
// directly, without invoking startTimer e.g
// time.Ticker{C: c}
// In this case, return early without any deletion.
// See Issue 21874.
return false
}
tb := t.tb
lock(&tb.lock)
// t may not be registered anymore and may have
// a bogus i (typically 0, if generated by Go).
// Verify it before proceeding.
i := t.i
last := len(tb.t) - 1
if i < 0 || i > last || tb.t[i] != t {
unlock(&tb.lock)
return false
}
if i != last {
tb.t[i] = tb.t[last]
tb.t[i].i = i
}
tb.t[last] = nil
tb.t = tb.t[:last]
ok := true
if i != last {
if !siftupTimer(tb.t, i) {
ok = false
}
if !siftdownTimer(tb.t, i) {
ok = false
}
}
unlock(&tb.lock)
if !ok {
badTimer()
}
return true
}
// Timerproc runs the time-driven events.
// It sleeps until the next event in the tb heap.
// If addtimer inserts a new earlier event, it wakes timerproc early.
func timerproc(tb *timersBucket) {
setSystemGoroutine()
tb.gp = getg()
for {
lock(&tb.lock)
tb.sleeping = false
now := nanotime()
delta := int64(-1)
for {
if len(tb.t) == 0 {
delta = -1
break
}
t := tb.t[0]
delta = t.when - now
if delta > 0 {
break
}
ok := true
if t.period > 0 {
// leave in heap but adjust next time to fire
t.when += t.period * (1 + -delta/t.period)
if !siftdownTimer(tb.t, 0) {
ok = false
}
} else {
// remove from heap
last := len(tb.t) - 1
if last > 0 {
tb.t[0] = tb.t[last]
tb.t[0].i = 0
}
tb.t[last] = nil
tb.t = tb.t[:last]
if last > 0 {
if !siftdownTimer(tb.t, 0) {
ok = false
}
}
t.i = -1 // mark as removed
}
f := t.f
arg := t.arg
seq := t.seq
unlock(&tb.lock)
if !ok {
badTimer()
}
if raceenabled {
raceacquire(unsafe.Pointer(t))
}
f(arg, seq)
lock(&tb.lock)
}
if delta < 0 || faketime > 0 {
// No timers left - put goroutine to sleep.
tb.rescheduling = true
goparkunlock(&tb.lock, waitReasonTimerGoroutineIdle, traceEvGoBlock, 1)
continue
}
// At least one timer pending. Sleep until then.
tb.sleeping = true
tb.sleepUntil = now + delta
noteclear(&tb.waitnote)
unlock(&tb.lock)
notetsleepg(&tb.waitnote, delta)
}
}
func timejump() *g {
if faketime == 0 {
return nil
}
for i := range timers {
lock(&timers[i].lock)
}
gp := timejumpLocked()
for i := range timers {
unlock(&timers[i].lock)
}
return gp
}
func timejumpLocked() *g {
// Determine a timer bucket with minimum when.
var minT *timer
for i := range timers {
tb := &timers[i]
if !tb.created || len(tb.t) == 0 {
continue
}
t := tb.t[0]
if minT == nil || t.when < minT.when {
minT = t
}
}
if minT == nil || minT.when <= faketime {
return nil
}
faketime = minT.when
tb := minT.tb
if !tb.rescheduling {
return nil
}
tb.rescheduling = false
return tb.gp
}
func timeSleepUntil() int64 {
next := int64(1<<63 - 1)
// Determine minimum sleepUntil across all the timer buckets.
//
// The function can not return a precise answer,
// as another timer may pop in as soon as timers have been unlocked.
// So lock the timers one by one instead of all at once.
for i := range timers {
tb := &timers[i]
lock(&tb.lock)
if tb.sleeping && tb.sleepUntil < next {
next = tb.sleepUntil
}
unlock(&tb.lock)
}
return next
}
// Heap maintenance algorithms.
// These algorithms check for slice index errors manually.
// Slice index error can happen if the program is using racy
// access to timers. We don't want to panic here, because
// it will cause the program to crash with a mysterious
// "panic holding locks" message. Instead, we panic while not
// holding a lock.
// The races can occur despite the bucket locks because assignBucket
// itself is called without locks, so racy calls can cause a timer to
// change buckets while executing these functions.
func siftupTimer(t []*timer, i int) bool {
if i >= len(t) {
return false
}
when := t[i].when
tmp := t[i]
for i > 0 {
p := (i - 1) / 4 // parent
if when >= t[p].when {
break
}
t[i] = t[p]
t[i].i = i
i = p
}
if tmp != t[i] {
t[i] = tmp
t[i].i = i
}
return true
}
func siftdownTimer(t []*timer, i int) bool {
n := len(t)
if i >= n {
return false
}
when := t[i].when
tmp := t[i]
for {
c := i*4 + 1 // left child
c3 := c + 2 // mid child
if c >= n {
break
}
w := t[c].when
if c+1 < n && t[c+1].when < w {
w = t[c+1].when
c++
}
if c3 < n {
w3 := t[c3].when
if c3+1 < n && t[c3+1].when < w3 {
w3 = t[c3+1].when
c3++
}
if w3 < w {
w = w3
c = c3
}
}
if w >= when {
break
}
t[i] = t[c]
t[i].i = i
i = c
}
if tmp != t[i] {
t[i] = tmp
t[i].i = i
}
return true
}
// badTimer is called if the timer data structures have been corrupted,
// presumably due to racy use by the program. We panic here rather than
// panicing due to invalid slice access while holding locks.
// See issue #25686.
func badTimer() {
panic(errorString("racy use of timers"))
}
// Entry points for net, time to call nanotime.
//go:linkname poll_runtimeNano internal_poll.runtimeNano
func poll_runtimeNano() int64 {
return nanotime()
}
//go:linkname time_runtimeNano time.runtimeNano
func time_runtimeNano() int64 {
return nanotime()
}
// Monotonic times are reported as offsets from startNano.
// We initialize startNano to nanotime() - 1 so that on systems where
// monotonic time resolution is fairly low (e.g. Windows 2008
// which appears to have a default resolution of 15ms),
// we avoid ever reporting a nanotime of 0.
// (Callers may want to use 0 as "time not set".)
var startNano int64 = nanotime() - 1