src/pkg/html/render.go

// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package html

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
)

type writer interface {
	io.Writer
	WriteByte(byte) os.Error
	WriteString(string) (int, os.Error)
}

// Render renders the parse tree n to the given writer.
//
// Rendering is done on a 'best effort' basis: calling Parse on the output of
// Render will always result in something similar to the original tree, but it
// is not necessarily an exact clone unless the original tree was 'well-formed'.
// 'Well-formed' is not easily specified; the HTML5 specification is
// complicated.
//
// Calling Parse on arbitrary input typically results in a 'well-formed' parse
// tree. However, it is possible for Parse to yield a 'badly-formed' parse tree.
// For example, in a 'well-formed' parse tree, no <a> element is a child of
// another <a> element: parsing "<a><a>" results in two sibling elements.
// Similarly, in a 'well-formed' parse tree, no <a> element is a child of a
// <table> element: parsing "<p><table><a>" results in a <p> with two sibling
// children; the <a> is reparented to the <table>'s parent. However, calling
// Parse on "<a><table><a>" does not return an error, but the result has an <a>
// element with an <a> child, and is therefore not 'well-formed'.
// 
// Programmatically constructed trees are typically also 'well-formed', but it
// is possible to construct a tree that looks innocuous but, when rendered and
// re-parsed, results in a different tree. A simple example is that a solitary
// text node would become a tree containing <html>, <head> and <body> elements.
// Another example is that the programmatic equivalent of "a<head>b</head>c"
// becomes "<html><head><head/><body>abc</body></html>".
func Render(w io.Writer, n *Node) os.Error {
	if x, ok := w.(writer); ok {
		return render(x, n)
	}
	buf := bufio.NewWriter(w)
	if err := render(buf, n); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return buf.Flush()
}

func render(w writer, n *Node) os.Error {
	// Render non-element nodes; these are the easy cases.
	switch n.Type {
	case ErrorNode:
		return os.NewError("html: cannot render an ErrorNode node")
	case TextNode:
		return escape(w, n.Data)
	case DocumentNode:
		for _, c := range n.Child {
			if err := render(w, c); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		return nil
	case ElementNode:
		// No-op.
	case CommentNode:
		if _, err := w.WriteString("<!--"); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if _, err := w.WriteString(n.Data); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if _, err := w.WriteString("-->"); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		return nil
	case DoctypeNode:
		if _, err := w.WriteString("<!DOCTYPE "); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if _, err := w.WriteString(n.Data); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		return w.WriteByte('>')
	default:
		return os.NewError("html: unknown node type")
	}

	// Render the <xxx> opening tag.
	if err := w.WriteByte('<'); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := w.WriteString(n.Data); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, a := range n.Attr {
		if err := w.WriteByte(' '); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if _, err := w.WriteString(a.Key); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if _, err := w.WriteString(`="`); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := escape(w, a.Val); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := w.WriteByte('"'); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if voidElements[n.Data] {
		if len(n.Child) != 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("html: void element <%s> has child nodes", n.Data)
		}
		_, err := w.WriteString("/>")
		return err
	}
	if err := w.WriteByte('>'); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Render any child nodes.
	switch n.Data {
	case "noembed", "noframes", "noscript", "script", "style":
		for _, c := range n.Child {
			if c.Type != TextNode {
				return fmt.Errorf("html: raw text element <%s> has non-text child node", n.Data)
			}
			if _, err := w.WriteString(c.Data); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	case "textarea", "title":
		for _, c := range n.Child {
			if c.Type != TextNode {
				return fmt.Errorf("html: RCDATA element <%s> has non-text child node", n.Data)
			}
			if err := render(w, c); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	default:
		for _, c := range n.Child {
			if err := render(w, c); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	// Render the </xxx> closing tag.
	if _, err := w.WriteString("</"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := w.WriteString(n.Data); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return w.WriteByte('>')
}

// Section 13.1.2, "Elements", gives this list of void elements. Void elements
// are those that can't have any contents.
var voidElements = map[string]bool{
	"area":    true,
	"base":    true,
	"br":      true,
	"col":     true,
	"command": true,
	"embed":   true,
	"hr":      true,
	"img":     true,
	"input":   true,
	"keygen":  true,
	"link":    true,
	"meta":    true,
	"param":   true,
	"source":  true,
	"track":   true,
	"wbr":     true,
}