src/reflect/deepequal.go

// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Deep equality test via reflection

package reflect

import (
	"internal/bytealg"
	"unsafe"
)

// During deepValueEqual, must keep track of checks that are
// in progress. The comparison algorithm assumes that all
// checks in progress are true when it reencounters them.
// Visited comparisons are stored in a map indexed by visit.
type visit struct {
	a1  unsafe.Pointer
	a2  unsafe.Pointer
	typ Type
}

// Tests for deep equality using reflected types. The map argument tracks
// comparisons that have already been seen, which allows short circuiting on
// recursive types.
func deepValueEqual(v1, v2 Value, visited map[visit]bool) bool {
	if !v1.IsValid() || !v2.IsValid() {
		return v1.IsValid() == v2.IsValid()
	}
	if v1.Type() != v2.Type() {
		return false
	}

	// We want to avoid putting more in the visited map than we need to.
	// For any possible reference cycle that might be encountered,
	// hard(v1, v2) needs to return true for at least one of the types in the cycle,
	// and it's safe and valid to get Value's internal pointer.
	hard := func(v1, v2 Value) bool {
		switch v1.Kind() {
		case Pointer:
			if v1.typ().PtrBytes == 0 {
				// not-in-heap pointers can't be cyclic.
				// At least, all of our current uses of runtime/internal/sys.NotInHeap
				// have that property. The runtime ones aren't cyclic (and we don't use
				// DeepEqual on them anyway), and the cgo-generated ones are
				// all empty structs.
				return false
			}
			fallthrough
		case Map, Slice, Interface:
			// Nil pointers cannot be cyclic. Avoid putting them in the visited map.
			return !v1.IsNil() && !v2.IsNil()
		}
		return false
	}

	if hard(v1, v2) {
		// For a Pointer or Map value, we need to check flagIndir,
		// which we do by calling the pointer method.
		// For Slice or Interface, flagIndir is always set,
		// and using v.ptr suffices.
		ptrval := func(v Value) unsafe.Pointer {
			switch v.Kind() {
			case Pointer, Map:
				return v.pointer()
			default:
				return v.ptr
			}
		}
		addr1 := ptrval(v1)
		addr2 := ptrval(v2)
		if uintptr(addr1) > uintptr(addr2) {
			// Canonicalize order to reduce number of entries in visited.
			// Assumes non-moving garbage collector.
			addr1, addr2 = addr2, addr1
		}

		// Short circuit if references are already seen.
		typ := v1.Type()
		v := visit{addr1, addr2, typ}
		if visited[v] {
			return true
		}

		// Remember for later.
		visited[v] = true
	}

	switch v1.Kind() {
	case Array:
		for i := 0; i < v1.Len(); i++ {
			if !deepValueEqual(v1.Index(i), v2.Index(i), visited) {
				return false
			}
		}
		return true
	case Slice:
		if v1.IsNil() != v2.IsNil() {
			return false
		}
		if v1.Len() != v2.Len() {
			return false
		}
		if v1.UnsafePointer() == v2.UnsafePointer() {
			return true
		}
		// Special case for []byte, which is common.
		if v1.Type().Elem().Kind() == Uint8 {
			return bytealg.Equal(v1.Bytes(), v2.Bytes())
		}
		for i := 0; i < v1.Len(); i++ {
			if !deepValueEqual(v1.Index(i), v2.Index(i), visited) {
				return false
			}
		}
		return true
	case Interface:
		if v1.IsNil() || v2.IsNil() {
			return v1.IsNil() == v2.IsNil()
		}
		return deepValueEqual(v1.Elem(), v2.Elem(), visited)
	case Pointer:
		if v1.UnsafePointer() == v2.UnsafePointer() {
			return true
		}
		return deepValueEqual(v1.Elem(), v2.Elem(), visited)
	case Struct:
		for i, n := 0, v1.NumField(); i < n; i++ {
			if !deepValueEqual(v1.Field(i), v2.Field(i), visited) {
				return false
			}
		}
		return true
	case Map:
		if v1.IsNil() != v2.IsNil() {
			return false
		}
		if v1.Len() != v2.Len() {
			return false
		}
		if v1.UnsafePointer() == v2.UnsafePointer() {
			return true
		}
		iter := v1.MapRange()
		for iter.Next() {
			val1 := iter.Value()
			val2 := v2.MapIndex(iter.Key())
			if !val1.IsValid() || !val2.IsValid() || !deepValueEqual(val1, val2, visited) {
				return false
			}
		}
		return true
	case Func:
		if v1.IsNil() && v2.IsNil() {
			return true
		}
		// Can't do better than this:
		return false
	case Int, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64:
		return v1.Int() == v2.Int()
	case Uint, Uint8, Uint16, Uint32, Uint64, Uintptr:
		return v1.Uint() == v2.Uint()
	case String:
		return v1.String() == v2.String()
	case Bool:
		return v1.Bool() == v2.Bool()
	case Float32, Float64:
		return v1.Float() == v2.Float()
	case Complex64, Complex128:
		return v1.Complex() == v2.Complex()
	default:
		// Normal equality suffices
		return valueInterface(v1, false) == valueInterface(v2, false)
	}
}

// DeepEqual reports whether x and y are “deeply equal,” defined as follows.
// Two values of identical type are deeply equal if one of the following cases applies.
// Values of distinct types are never deeply equal.
//
// Array values are deeply equal when their corresponding elements are deeply equal.
//
// Struct values are deeply equal if their corresponding fields,
// both exported and unexported, are deeply equal.
//
// Func values are deeply equal if both are nil; otherwise they are not deeply equal.
//
// Interface values are deeply equal if they hold deeply equal concrete values.
//
// Map values are deeply equal when all of the following are true:
// they are both nil or both non-nil, they have the same length,
// and either they are the same map object or their corresponding keys
// (matched using Go equality) map to deeply equal values.
//
// Pointer values are deeply equal if they are equal using Go's == operator
// or if they point to deeply equal values.
//
// Slice values are deeply equal when all of the following are true:
// they are both nil or both non-nil, they have the same length,
// and either they point to the same initial entry of the same underlying array
// (that is, &x[0] == &y[0]) or their corresponding elements (up to length) are deeply equal.
// Note that a non-nil empty slice and a nil slice (for example, []byte{} and []byte(nil))
// are not deeply equal.
//
// Other values - numbers, bools, strings, and channels - are deeply equal
// if they are equal using Go's == operator.
//
// In general DeepEqual is a recursive relaxation of Go's == operator.
// However, this idea is impossible to implement without some inconsistency.
// Specifically, it is possible for a value to be unequal to itself,
// either because it is of func type (uncomparable in general)
// or because it is a floating-point NaN value (not equal to itself in floating-point comparison),
// or because it is an array, struct, or interface containing
// such a value.
// On the other hand, pointer values are always equal to themselves,
// even if they point at or contain such problematic values,
// because they compare equal using Go's == operator, and that
// is a sufficient condition to be deeply equal, regardless of content.
// DeepEqual has been defined so that the same short-cut applies
// to slices and maps: if x and y are the same slice or the same map,
// they are deeply equal regardless of content.
//
// As DeepEqual traverses the data values it may find a cycle. The
// second and subsequent times that DeepEqual compares two pointer
// values that have been compared before, it treats the values as
// equal rather than examining the values to which they point.
// This ensures that DeepEqual terminates.
func DeepEqual(x, y any) bool {
	if x == nil || y == nil {
		return x == y
	}
	v1 := ValueOf(x)
	v2 := ValueOf(y)
	if v1.Type() != v2.Type() {
		return false
	}
	return deepValueEqual(v1, v2, make(map[visit]bool))
}