|  | // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. | 
|  | // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style | 
|  | // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. | 
|  |  | 
|  | // +build darwin dragonfly freebsd netbsd openbsd | 
|  |  | 
|  | // BSD system call wrappers shared by *BSD based systems | 
|  | // including OS X (Darwin) and FreeBSD.  Like the other | 
|  | // syscall_*.go files it is compiled as Go code but also | 
|  | // used as input to mksyscall which parses the //sys | 
|  | // lines and generates system call stubs. | 
|  |  | 
|  | package syscall | 
|  |  | 
|  | import ( | 
|  | "runtime" | 
|  | "unsafe" | 
|  | ) | 
|  |  | 
|  | /* | 
|  | * Wrapped | 
|  | */ | 
|  |  | 
|  | //sysnb	getgroups(ngid int, gid *_Gid_t) (n int, err error) | 
|  | //sysnb	setgroups(ngid int, gid *_Gid_t) (err error) | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Getgroups() (gids []int, err error) { | 
|  | n, err := getgroups(0, nil) | 
|  | if err != nil { | 
|  | return nil, err | 
|  | } | 
|  | if n == 0 { | 
|  | return nil, nil | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Sanity check group count. Max is 16 on BSD. | 
|  | if n < 0 || n > 1000 { | 
|  | return nil, EINVAL | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | a := make([]_Gid_t, n) | 
|  | n, err = getgroups(n, &a[0]) | 
|  | if err != nil { | 
|  | return nil, err | 
|  | } | 
|  | gids = make([]int, n) | 
|  | for i, v := range a[0:n] { | 
|  | gids[i] = int(v) | 
|  | } | 
|  | return | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Setgroups(gids []int) (err error) { | 
|  | if len(gids) == 0 { | 
|  | return setgroups(0, nil) | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | a := make([]_Gid_t, len(gids)) | 
|  | for i, v := range gids { | 
|  | a[i] = _Gid_t(v) | 
|  | } | 
|  | return setgroups(len(a), &a[0]) | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func ReadDirent(fd int, buf []byte) (n int, err error) { | 
|  | // Final argument is (basep *uintptr) and the syscall doesn't take nil. | 
|  | // 64 bits should be enough. (32 bits isn't even on 386). Since the | 
|  | // actual system call is getdirentries64, 64 is a good guess. | 
|  | // TODO(rsc): Can we use a single global basep for all calls? | 
|  | var base = (*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(new(uint64))) | 
|  | return Getdirentries(fd, buf, base) | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Wait status is 7 bits at bottom, either 0 (exited), | 
|  | // 0x7F (stopped), or a signal number that caused an exit. | 
|  | // The 0x80 bit is whether there was a core dump. | 
|  | // An extra number (exit code, signal causing a stop) | 
|  | // is in the high bits. | 
|  |  | 
|  | type WaitStatus uint32 | 
|  |  | 
|  | const ( | 
|  | mask  = 0x7F | 
|  | core  = 0x80 | 
|  | shift = 8 | 
|  |  | 
|  | exited  = 0 | 
|  | stopped = 0x7F | 
|  | ) | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (w WaitStatus) Exited() bool { return w&mask == exited } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (w WaitStatus) ExitStatus() int { | 
|  | if w&mask != exited { | 
|  | return -1 | 
|  | } | 
|  | return int(w >> shift) | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (w WaitStatus) Signaled() bool { return w&mask != stopped && w&mask != 0 } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (w WaitStatus) Signal() Signal { | 
|  | sig := Signal(w & mask) | 
|  | if sig == stopped || sig == 0 { | 
|  | return -1 | 
|  | } | 
|  | return sig | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (w WaitStatus) CoreDump() bool { return w.Signaled() && w&core != 0 } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (w WaitStatus) Stopped() bool { return w&mask == stopped && Signal(w>>shift) != SIGSTOP } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (w WaitStatus) Continued() bool { return w&mask == stopped && Signal(w>>shift) == SIGSTOP } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (w WaitStatus) StopSignal() Signal { | 
|  | if !w.Stopped() { | 
|  | return -1 | 
|  | } | 
|  | return Signal(w>>shift) & 0xFF | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (w WaitStatus) TrapCause() int { return -1 } | 
|  |  | 
|  | //sys	wait4(pid int, wstatus *_C_int, options int, rusage *Rusage) (wpid int, err error) | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Wait4(pid int, wstatus *WaitStatus, options int, rusage *Rusage) (wpid int, err error) { | 
|  | var status _C_int | 
|  | wpid, err = wait4(pid, &status, options, rusage) | 
|  | if wstatus != nil { | 
|  | *wstatus = WaitStatus(status) | 
|  | } | 
|  | return | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | //sys	accept(s int, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *_Socklen) (fd int, err error) | 
|  | //sys	bind(s int, addr unsafe.Pointer, addrlen _Socklen) (err error) | 
|  | //sys	connect(s int, addr unsafe.Pointer, addrlen _Socklen) (err error) | 
|  | //sysnb	socket(domain int, typ int, proto int) (fd int, err error) | 
|  | //sys	getsockopt(s int, level int, name int, val unsafe.Pointer, vallen *_Socklen) (err error) | 
|  | //sys	setsockopt(s int, level int, name int, val unsafe.Pointer, vallen uintptr) (err error) | 
|  | //sysnb	getpeername(fd int, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *_Socklen) (err error) | 
|  | //sysnb	getsockname(fd int, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *_Socklen) (err error) | 
|  | //sys	Shutdown(s int, how int) (err error) | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (sa *SockaddrInet4) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, _Socklen, error) { | 
|  | if sa.Port < 0 || sa.Port > 0xFFFF { | 
|  | return nil, 0, EINVAL | 
|  | } | 
|  | sa.raw.Len = SizeofSockaddrInet4 | 
|  | sa.raw.Family = AF_INET | 
|  | p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw.Port)) | 
|  | p[0] = byte(sa.Port >> 8) | 
|  | p[1] = byte(sa.Port) | 
|  | for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ { | 
|  | sa.raw.Addr[i] = sa.Addr[i] | 
|  | } | 
|  | return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), _Socklen(sa.raw.Len), nil | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (sa *SockaddrInet6) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, _Socklen, error) { | 
|  | if sa.Port < 0 || sa.Port > 0xFFFF { | 
|  | return nil, 0, EINVAL | 
|  | } | 
|  | sa.raw.Len = SizeofSockaddrInet6 | 
|  | sa.raw.Family = AF_INET6 | 
|  | p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw.Port)) | 
|  | p[0] = byte(sa.Port >> 8) | 
|  | p[1] = byte(sa.Port) | 
|  | sa.raw.Scope_id = sa.ZoneId | 
|  | for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ { | 
|  | sa.raw.Addr[i] = sa.Addr[i] | 
|  | } | 
|  | return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), _Socklen(sa.raw.Len), nil | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (sa *SockaddrUnix) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, _Socklen, error) { | 
|  | name := sa.Name | 
|  | n := len(name) | 
|  | if n >= len(sa.raw.Path) || n == 0 { | 
|  | return nil, 0, EINVAL | 
|  | } | 
|  | sa.raw.Len = byte(3 + n) // 2 for Family, Len; 1 for NUL | 
|  | sa.raw.Family = AF_UNIX | 
|  | for i := 0; i < n; i++ { | 
|  | sa.raw.Path[i] = int8(name[i]) | 
|  | } | 
|  | return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), _Socklen(sa.raw.Len), nil | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func (sa *SockaddrDatalink) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, _Socklen, error) { | 
|  | if sa.Index == 0 { | 
|  | return nil, 0, EINVAL | 
|  | } | 
|  | sa.raw.Len = sa.Len | 
|  | sa.raw.Family = AF_LINK | 
|  | sa.raw.Index = sa.Index | 
|  | sa.raw.Type = sa.Type | 
|  | sa.raw.Nlen = sa.Nlen | 
|  | sa.raw.Alen = sa.Alen | 
|  | sa.raw.Slen = sa.Slen | 
|  | for i := 0; i < len(sa.raw.Data); i++ { | 
|  | sa.raw.Data[i] = sa.Data[i] | 
|  | } | 
|  | return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), SizeofSockaddrDatalink, nil | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func anyToSockaddr(rsa *RawSockaddrAny) (Sockaddr, error) { | 
|  | switch rsa.Addr.Family { | 
|  | case AF_LINK: | 
|  | pp := (*RawSockaddrDatalink)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa)) | 
|  | sa := new(SockaddrDatalink) | 
|  | sa.Len = pp.Len | 
|  | sa.Family = pp.Family | 
|  | sa.Index = pp.Index | 
|  | sa.Type = pp.Type | 
|  | sa.Nlen = pp.Nlen | 
|  | sa.Alen = pp.Alen | 
|  | sa.Slen = pp.Slen | 
|  | for i := 0; i < len(sa.Data); i++ { | 
|  | sa.Data[i] = pp.Data[i] | 
|  | } | 
|  | return sa, nil | 
|  |  | 
|  | case AF_UNIX: | 
|  | pp := (*RawSockaddrUnix)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa)) | 
|  | if pp.Len < 2 || pp.Len > SizeofSockaddrUnix { | 
|  | return nil, EINVAL | 
|  | } | 
|  | sa := new(SockaddrUnix) | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Some BSDs include the trailing NUL in the length, whereas | 
|  | // others do not. Work around this by subtracting the leading | 
|  | // family and len. The path is then scanned to see if a NUL | 
|  | // terminator still exists within the length. | 
|  | n := int(pp.Len) - 2 // subtract leading Family, Len | 
|  | for i := 0; i < n; i++ { | 
|  | if pp.Path[i] == 0 { | 
|  | // found early NUL; assume Len included the NUL | 
|  | // or was overestimating. | 
|  | n = i | 
|  | break | 
|  | } | 
|  | } | 
|  | bytes := (*[10000]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Path[0]))[0:n] | 
|  | sa.Name = string(bytes) | 
|  | return sa, nil | 
|  |  | 
|  | case AF_INET: | 
|  | pp := (*RawSockaddrInet4)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa)) | 
|  | sa := new(SockaddrInet4) | 
|  | p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Port)) | 
|  | sa.Port = int(p[0])<<8 + int(p[1]) | 
|  | for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ { | 
|  | sa.Addr[i] = pp.Addr[i] | 
|  | } | 
|  | return sa, nil | 
|  |  | 
|  | case AF_INET6: | 
|  | pp := (*RawSockaddrInet6)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa)) | 
|  | sa := new(SockaddrInet6) | 
|  | p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Port)) | 
|  | sa.Port = int(p[0])<<8 + int(p[1]) | 
|  | sa.ZoneId = pp.Scope_id | 
|  | for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ { | 
|  | sa.Addr[i] = pp.Addr[i] | 
|  | } | 
|  | return sa, nil | 
|  | } | 
|  | return nil, EAFNOSUPPORT | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Accept(fd int) (nfd int, sa Sockaddr, err error) { | 
|  | var rsa RawSockaddrAny | 
|  | var len _Socklen = SizeofSockaddrAny | 
|  | nfd, err = accept(fd, &rsa, &len) | 
|  | if err != nil { | 
|  | return | 
|  | } | 
|  | if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && len == 0 { | 
|  | // Accepted socket has no address. | 
|  | // This is likely due to a bug in xnu kernels, | 
|  | // where instead of ECONNABORTED error socket | 
|  | // is accepted, but has no address. | 
|  | Close(nfd) | 
|  | return 0, nil, ECONNABORTED | 
|  | } | 
|  | sa, err = anyToSockaddr(&rsa) | 
|  | if err != nil { | 
|  | Close(nfd) | 
|  | nfd = 0 | 
|  | } | 
|  | return | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Getsockname(fd int) (sa Sockaddr, err error) { | 
|  | var rsa RawSockaddrAny | 
|  | var len _Socklen = SizeofSockaddrAny | 
|  | if err = getsockname(fd, &rsa, &len); err != nil { | 
|  | return | 
|  | } | 
|  | // TODO(jsing): DragonFly has a "bug" (see issue 3349), which should be | 
|  | // reported upstream. | 
|  | if runtime.GOOS == "dragonfly" && rsa.Addr.Family == AF_UNSPEC && rsa.Addr.Len == 0 { | 
|  | rsa.Addr.Family = AF_UNIX | 
|  | rsa.Addr.Len = SizeofSockaddrUnix | 
|  | } | 
|  | return anyToSockaddr(&rsa) | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | //sysnb socketpair(domain int, typ int, proto int, fd *[2]int32) (err error) | 
|  |  | 
|  | func GetsockoptByte(fd, level, opt int) (value byte, err error) { | 
|  | var n byte | 
|  | vallen := _Socklen(1) | 
|  | err = getsockopt(fd, level, opt, unsafe.Pointer(&n), &vallen) | 
|  | return n, err | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func GetsockoptInet4Addr(fd, level, opt int) (value [4]byte, err error) { | 
|  | vallen := _Socklen(4) | 
|  | err = getsockopt(fd, level, opt, unsafe.Pointer(&value[0]), &vallen) | 
|  | return value, err | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func GetsockoptIPMreq(fd, level, opt int) (*IPMreq, error) { | 
|  | var value IPMreq | 
|  | vallen := _Socklen(SizeofIPMreq) | 
|  | err := getsockopt(fd, level, opt, unsafe.Pointer(&value), &vallen) | 
|  | return &value, err | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func GetsockoptIPv6Mreq(fd, level, opt int) (*IPv6Mreq, error) { | 
|  | var value IPv6Mreq | 
|  | vallen := _Socklen(SizeofIPv6Mreq) | 
|  | err := getsockopt(fd, level, opt, unsafe.Pointer(&value), &vallen) | 
|  | return &value, err | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func GetsockoptIPv6MTUInfo(fd, level, opt int) (*IPv6MTUInfo, error) { | 
|  | var value IPv6MTUInfo | 
|  | vallen := _Socklen(SizeofIPv6MTUInfo) | 
|  | err := getsockopt(fd, level, opt, unsafe.Pointer(&value), &vallen) | 
|  | return &value, err | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func GetsockoptICMPv6Filter(fd, level, opt int) (*ICMPv6Filter, error) { | 
|  | var value ICMPv6Filter | 
|  | vallen := _Socklen(SizeofICMPv6Filter) | 
|  | err := getsockopt(fd, level, opt, unsafe.Pointer(&value), &vallen) | 
|  | return &value, err | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | //sys   recvfrom(fd int, p []byte, flags int, from *RawSockaddrAny, fromlen *_Socklen) (n int, err error) | 
|  | //sys   sendto(s int, buf []byte, flags int, to unsafe.Pointer, addrlen _Socklen) (err error) | 
|  | //sys	recvmsg(s int, msg *Msghdr, flags int) (n int, err error) | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Recvmsg(fd int, p, oob []byte, flags int) (n, oobn int, recvflags int, from Sockaddr, err error) { | 
|  | var msg Msghdr | 
|  | var rsa RawSockaddrAny | 
|  | msg.Name = (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&rsa)) | 
|  | msg.Namelen = uint32(SizeofSockaddrAny) | 
|  | var iov Iovec | 
|  | if len(p) > 0 { | 
|  | iov.Base = (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&p[0])) | 
|  | iov.SetLen(len(p)) | 
|  | } | 
|  | var dummy byte | 
|  | if len(oob) > 0 { | 
|  | // receive at least one normal byte | 
|  | if len(p) == 0 { | 
|  | iov.Base = &dummy | 
|  | iov.SetLen(1) | 
|  | } | 
|  | msg.Control = (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&oob[0])) | 
|  | msg.SetControllen(len(oob)) | 
|  | } | 
|  | msg.Iov = &iov | 
|  | msg.Iovlen = 1 | 
|  | if n, err = recvmsg(fd, &msg, flags); err != nil { | 
|  | return | 
|  | } | 
|  | oobn = int(msg.Controllen) | 
|  | recvflags = int(msg.Flags) | 
|  | // source address is only specified if the socket is unconnected | 
|  | if rsa.Addr.Family != AF_UNSPEC { | 
|  | from, err = anyToSockaddr(&rsa) | 
|  | } | 
|  | return | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | //sys	sendmsg(s int, msg *Msghdr, flags int) (n int, err error) | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Sendmsg(fd int, p, oob []byte, to Sockaddr, flags int) (err error) { | 
|  | _, err = SendmsgN(fd, p, oob, to, flags) | 
|  | return | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func SendmsgN(fd int, p, oob []byte, to Sockaddr, flags int) (n int, err error) { | 
|  | var ptr unsafe.Pointer | 
|  | var salen _Socklen | 
|  | if to != nil { | 
|  | ptr, salen, err = to.sockaddr() | 
|  | if err != nil { | 
|  | return 0, err | 
|  | } | 
|  | } | 
|  | var msg Msghdr | 
|  | msg.Name = (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(ptr)) | 
|  | msg.Namelen = uint32(salen) | 
|  | var iov Iovec | 
|  | if len(p) > 0 { | 
|  | iov.Base = (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&p[0])) | 
|  | iov.SetLen(len(p)) | 
|  | } | 
|  | var dummy byte | 
|  | if len(oob) > 0 { | 
|  | // send at least one normal byte | 
|  | if len(p) == 0 { | 
|  | iov.Base = &dummy | 
|  | iov.SetLen(1) | 
|  | } | 
|  | msg.Control = (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&oob[0])) | 
|  | msg.SetControllen(len(oob)) | 
|  | } | 
|  | msg.Iov = &iov | 
|  | msg.Iovlen = 1 | 
|  | if n, err = sendmsg(fd, &msg, flags); err != nil { | 
|  | return 0, err | 
|  | } | 
|  | if len(oob) > 0 && len(p) == 0 { | 
|  | n = 0 | 
|  | } | 
|  | return n, nil | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | //sys	kevent(kq int, change unsafe.Pointer, nchange int, event unsafe.Pointer, nevent int, timeout *Timespec) (n int, err error) | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Kevent(kq int, changes, events []Kevent_t, timeout *Timespec) (n int, err error) { | 
|  | var change, event unsafe.Pointer | 
|  | if len(changes) > 0 { | 
|  | change = unsafe.Pointer(&changes[0]) | 
|  | } | 
|  | if len(events) > 0 { | 
|  | event = unsafe.Pointer(&events[0]) | 
|  | } | 
|  | return kevent(kq, change, len(changes), event, len(events), timeout) | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Sysctl(name string) (value string, err error) { | 
|  | // Translate name to mib number. | 
|  | mib, err := nametomib(name) | 
|  | if err != nil { | 
|  | return "", err | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Find size. | 
|  | n := uintptr(0) | 
|  | if err = sysctl(mib, nil, &n, nil, 0); err != nil { | 
|  | return "", err | 
|  | } | 
|  | if n == 0 { | 
|  | return "", nil | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Read into buffer of that size. | 
|  | buf := make([]byte, n) | 
|  | if err = sysctl(mib, &buf[0], &n, nil, 0); err != nil { | 
|  | return "", err | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Throw away terminating NUL. | 
|  | if n > 0 && buf[n-1] == '\x00' { | 
|  | n-- | 
|  | } | 
|  | return string(buf[0:n]), nil | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func SysctlUint32(name string) (value uint32, err error) { | 
|  | // Translate name to mib number. | 
|  | mib, err := nametomib(name) | 
|  | if err != nil { | 
|  | return 0, err | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Read into buffer of that size. | 
|  | n := uintptr(4) | 
|  | buf := make([]byte, 4) | 
|  | if err = sysctl(mib, &buf[0], &n, nil, 0); err != nil { | 
|  | return 0, err | 
|  | } | 
|  | if n != 4 { | 
|  | return 0, EIO | 
|  | } | 
|  | return *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0])), nil | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | //sys	utimes(path string, timeval *[2]Timeval) (err error) | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Utimes(path string, tv []Timeval) (err error) { | 
|  | if len(tv) != 2 { | 
|  | return EINVAL | 
|  | } | 
|  | return utimes(path, (*[2]Timeval)(unsafe.Pointer(&tv[0]))) | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func UtimesNano(path string, ts []Timespec) error { | 
|  | if len(ts) != 2 { | 
|  | return EINVAL | 
|  | } | 
|  | // Darwin setattrlist can set nanosecond timestamps | 
|  | err := setattrlistTimes(path, ts) | 
|  | if err != ENOSYS { | 
|  | return err | 
|  | } | 
|  | err = utimensat(_AT_FDCWD, path, (*[2]Timespec)(unsafe.Pointer(&ts[0])), 0) | 
|  | if err != ENOSYS { | 
|  | return err | 
|  | } | 
|  | // Not as efficient as it could be because Timespec and | 
|  | // Timeval have different types in the different OSes | 
|  | tv := [2]Timeval{ | 
|  | NsecToTimeval(TimespecToNsec(ts[0])), | 
|  | NsecToTimeval(TimespecToNsec(ts[1])), | 
|  | } | 
|  | return utimes(path, (*[2]Timeval)(unsafe.Pointer(&tv[0]))) | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | //sys	futimes(fd int, timeval *[2]Timeval) (err error) | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Futimes(fd int, tv []Timeval) (err error) { | 
|  | if len(tv) != 2 { | 
|  | return EINVAL | 
|  | } | 
|  | return futimes(fd, (*[2]Timeval)(unsafe.Pointer(&tv[0]))) | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | //sys	fcntl(fd int, cmd int, arg int) (val int, err error) | 
|  |  | 
|  | var mapper = &mmapper{ | 
|  | active: make(map[*byte][]byte), | 
|  | mmap:   mmap, | 
|  | munmap: munmap, | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Mmap(fd int, offset int64, length int, prot int, flags int) (data []byte, err error) { | 
|  | return mapper.Mmap(fd, offset, length, prot, flags) | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | func Munmap(b []byte) (err error) { | 
|  | return mapper.Munmap(b) | 
|  | } |