src/cmd/compile/internal/syntax/scanner.go - go - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 // This file implements scanner, a lexical tokenizer for
 // Go source. After initialization, consecutive calls of
 // next advance the scanner one token at a time.
 //
 // This file, source.go, and tokens.go are self-contained
 // (go tool compile scanner.go source.go tokens.go compiles)
 // and thus could be made into its own package.

 package syntax

 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"unicode"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 )

 // The mode flags below control which comments are reported
 // by calling the error handler. If no flag is set, comments
 // are ignored.
 const (
 	comments   uint = 1 << iota // call handler for all comments
 	directives                  // call handler for directives only
 )

 type scanner struct {
 	source
 	mode   uint
 	nlsemi bool // if set '\n' and EOF translate to ';'

 	// current token, valid after calling next()
 	line, col uint
 	tok       token
 	lit       string   // valid if tok is _Name, _Literal, or _Semi ("semicolon", "newline", or "EOF"); may be malformed if bad is true
 	bad       bool     // valid if tok is _Literal, true if a syntax error occurred, lit may be malformed
 	kind      LitKind  // valid if tok is _Literal
 	op        Operator // valid if tok is _Operator, _AssignOp, or _IncOp
 	prec      int      // valid if tok is _Operator, _AssignOp, or _IncOp
 }

 func (s *scanner) init(src io.Reader, errh func(line, col uint, msg string), mode uint) {
 	s.source.init(src, errh)
 	s.mode = mode
 	s.nlsemi = false
 }

 // errorf reports an error at the most recently read character position.
 func (s *scanner) errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
 	s.bad = true
 	s.error(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
 }

 // errorAtf reports an error at a byte column offset relative to the current token start.
 func (s *scanner) errorAtf(offset int, format string, args ...interface{}) {
 	s.bad = true
 	s.errh(s.line, s.col+uint(offset), fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
 }

 // next advances the scanner by reading the next token.
 //
 // If a read, source encoding, or lexical error occurs, next calls
 // the installed error handler with the respective error position
 // and message. The error message is guaranteed to be non-empty and
 // never starts with a '/'. The error handler must exist.
 //
 // If the scanner mode includes the comments flag and a comment
 // (including comments containing directives) is encountered, the
 // error handler is also called with each comment position and text
 // (including opening /* or // and closing */, but without a newline
 // at the end of line comments). Comment text always starts with a /
 // which can be used to distinguish these handler calls from errors.
 //
 // If the scanner mode includes the directives (but not the comments)
 // flag, only comments containing a //line, /*line, or //go: directive
 // are reported, in the same way as regular comments. Directives in
 // //-style comments are only recognized if they are at the beginning
 // of a line.
 //
 func (s *scanner) next() {
 	nlsemi := s.nlsemi
 	s.nlsemi = false

 redo:
 	// skip white space
 	c := s.getr()
 	for c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' && !nlsemi || c == '\r' {
 		c = s.getr()
 	}

 	// token start
 	s.line, s.col = s.source.line0, s.source.col0

 	if isLetter(c) || c >= utf8.RuneSelf && s.isIdentRune(c, true) {
 		s.ident()
 		return
 	}

 	switch c {
 	case -1:
 		if nlsemi {
 			s.lit = "EOF"
 			s.tok = _Semi
 			break
 		}
 		s.tok = _EOF

 	case '\n':
 		s.lit = "newline"
 		s.tok = _Semi

 	case '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9':
 		s.number(c)

 	case '"':
 		s.stdString()

 	case '`':
 		s.rawString()

 	case '\'':
 		s.rune()

 	case '(':
 		s.tok = _Lparen

 	case '[':
 		s.tok = _Lbrack

 	case '{':
 		s.tok = _Lbrace

 	case ',':
 		s.tok = _Comma

 	case ';':
 		s.lit = "semicolon"
 		s.tok = _Semi

 	case ')':
 		s.nlsemi = true
 		s.tok = _Rparen

 	case ']':
 		s.nlsemi = true
 		s.tok = _Rbrack

 	case '}':
 		s.nlsemi = true
 		s.tok = _Rbrace

 	case ':':
 		if s.getr() == '=' {
 			s.tok = _Define
 			break
 		}
 		s.ungetr()
 		s.tok = _Colon

 	case '.':
 		c = s.getr()
 		if isDecimal(c) {
 			s.ungetr()
 			s.unread(1) // correct position of '.' (needed by startLit in number)
 			s.number('.')
 			break
 		}
 		if c == '.' {
 			c = s.getr()
 			if c == '.' {
 				s.tok = _DotDotDot
 				break
 			}
 			s.unread(1)
 		}
 		s.ungetr()
 		s.tok = _Dot

 	case '+':
 		s.op, s.prec = Add, precAdd
 		c = s.getr()
 		if c != '+' {
 			goto assignop
 		}
 		s.nlsemi = true
 		s.tok = _IncOp

 	case '-':
 		s.op, s.prec = Sub, precAdd
 		c = s.getr()
 		if c != '-' {
 			goto assignop
 		}
 		s.nlsemi = true
 		s.tok = _IncOp

 	case '*':
 		s.op, s.prec = Mul, precMul
 		// don't goto assignop - want _Star token
 		if s.getr() == '=' {
 			s.tok = _AssignOp
 			break
 		}
 		s.ungetr()
 		s.tok = _Star

 	case '/':
 		c = s.getr()
 		if c == '/' {
 			s.lineComment()
 			goto redo
 		}
 		if c == '*' {
 			s.fullComment()
 			if s.source.line > s.line && nlsemi {
 				// A multi-line comment acts like a newline;
 				// it translates to a ';' if nlsemi is set.
 				s.lit = "newline"
 				s.tok = _Semi
 				break
 			}
 			goto redo
 		}
 		s.op, s.prec = Div, precMul
 		goto assignop

 	case '%':
 		s.op, s.prec = Rem, precMul
 		c = s.getr()
 		goto assignop

 	case '&':
 		c = s.getr()
 		if c == '&' {
 			s.op, s.prec = AndAnd, precAndAnd
 			s.tok = _Operator
 			break
 		}
 		s.op, s.prec = And, precMul
 		if c == '^' {
 			s.op = AndNot
 			c = s.getr()
 		}
 		goto assignop

 	case '|':
 		c = s.getr()
 		if c == '|' {
 			s.op, s.prec = OrOr, precOrOr
 			s.tok = _Operator
 			break
 		}
 		s.op, s.prec = Or, precAdd
 		goto assignop

 	case '^':
 		s.op, s.prec = Xor, precAdd
 		c = s.getr()
 		goto assignop

 	case '<':
 		c = s.getr()
 		if c == '=' {
 			s.op, s.prec = Leq, precCmp
 			s.tok = _Operator
 			break
 		}
 		if c == '<' {
 			s.op, s.prec = Shl, precMul
 			c = s.getr()
 			goto assignop
 		}
 		if c == '-' {
 			s.tok = _Arrow
 			break
 		}
 		s.ungetr()
 		s.op, s.prec = Lss, precCmp
 		s.tok = _Operator

 	case '>':
 		c = s.getr()
 		if c == '=' {
 			s.op, s.prec = Geq, precCmp
 			s.tok = _Operator
 			break
 		}
 		if c == '>' {
 			s.op, s.prec = Shr, precMul
 			c = s.getr()
 			goto assignop
 		}
 		s.ungetr()
 		s.op, s.prec = Gtr, precCmp
 		s.tok = _Operator

 	case '=':
 		if s.getr() == '=' {
 			s.op, s.prec = Eql, precCmp
 			s.tok = _Operator
 			break
 		}
 		s.ungetr()
 		s.tok = _Assign

 	case '!':
 		if s.getr() == '=' {
 			s.op, s.prec = Neq, precCmp
 			s.tok = _Operator
 			break
 		}
 		s.ungetr()
 		s.op, s.prec = Not, 0
 		s.tok = _Operator

 	default:
 		s.tok = 0
 		s.errorf("invalid character %#U", c)
 		goto redo
 	}

 	return

 assignop:
 	if c == '=' {
 		s.tok = _AssignOp
 		return
 	}
 	s.ungetr()
 	s.tok = _Operator
 }

 func isLetter(c rune) bool {
 	return 'a' <= lower(c) && lower(c) <= 'z' || c == '_'
 }

 func (s *scanner) ident() {
 	s.startLit()

 	// accelerate common case (7bit ASCII)
 	c := s.getr()
 	for isLetter(c) || isDecimal(c) {
 		c = s.getr()
 	}

 	// general case
 	if c >= utf8.RuneSelf {
 		for s.isIdentRune(c, false) {
 			c = s.getr()
 		}
 	}
 	s.ungetr()

 	lit := s.stopLit()

 	// possibly a keyword
 	if len(lit) >= 2 {
 		if tok := keywordMap[hash(lit)]; tok != 0 && tokStrFast(tok) == string(lit) {
 			s.nlsemi = contains(1<<_Break|1<<_Continue|1<<_Fallthrough|1<<_Return, tok)
 			s.tok = tok
 			return
 		}
 	}

 	s.nlsemi = true
 	s.lit = string(lit)
 	s.tok = _Name
 }

 // tokStrFast is a faster version of token.String, which assumes that tok
 // is one of the valid tokens - and can thus skip bounds checks.
 func tokStrFast(tok token) string {
 	return _token_name[_token_index[tok-1]:_token_index[tok]]
 }

 func (s *scanner) isIdentRune(c rune, first bool) bool {
 	switch {
 	case unicode.IsLetter(c) || c == '_':
 		// ok
 	case unicode.IsDigit(c):
 		if first {
 			s.errorf("identifier cannot begin with digit %#U", c)
 		}
 	case c >= utf8.RuneSelf:
 		s.errorf("invalid identifier character %#U", c)
 	default:
 		return false
 	}
 	return true
 }

 // hash is a perfect hash function for keywords.
 // It assumes that s has at least length 2.
 func hash(s []byte) uint {
 	return (uint(s[0])<<4 ^ uint(s[1]) + uint(len(s))) & uint(len(keywordMap)-1)
 }

 var keywordMap [1 << 6]token // size must be power of two

 func init() {
 	// populate keywordMap
 	for tok := _Break; tok <= _Var; tok++ {
 		h := hash([]byte(tok.String()))
 		if keywordMap[h] != 0 {
 			panic("imperfect hash")
 		}
 		keywordMap[h] = tok
 	}
 }

 func lower(c rune) rune     { return ('a' - 'A') | c } // returns lower-case c iff c is ASCII letter
 func isDecimal(c rune) bool { return '0' <= c && c <= '9' }
 func isHex(c rune) bool     { return '0' <= c && c <= '9' || 'a' <= lower(c) && lower(c) <= 'f' }

 // digits accepts the sequence { digit | '_' } starting with c0.
 // If base <= 10, digits accepts any decimal digit but records
 // the index (relative to the literal start) of a digit >= base
 // in *invalid, if *invalid < 0.
 // digits returns the first rune that is not part of the sequence
 // anymore, and a bitset describing whether the sequence contained
 // digits (bit 0 is set), or separators '_' (bit 1 is set).
 func (s *scanner) digits(c0 rune, base int, invalid *int) (c rune, digsep int) {
 	c = c0
 	if base <= 10 {
 		max := rune('0' + base)
 		for isDecimal(c) || c == '_' {
 			ds := 1
 			if c == '_' {
 				ds = 2
 			} else if c >= max && *invalid < 0 {
 				*invalid = int(s.col0 - s.col) // record invalid rune index
 			}
 			digsep |= ds
 			c = s.getr()
 		}
 	} else {
 		for isHex(c) || c == '_' {
 			ds := 1
 			if c == '_' {
 				ds = 2
 			}
 			digsep |= ds
 			c = s.getr()
 		}
 	}
 	return
 }

 func (s *scanner) number(c rune) {
 	s.startLit()
 	s.bad = false

 	base := 10        // number base
 	prefix := rune(0) // one of 0 (decimal), '0' (0-octal), 'x', 'o', or 'b'
 	digsep := 0       // bit 0: digit present, bit 1: '_' present
 	invalid := -1     // index of invalid digit in literal, or < 0

 	// integer part
 	var ds int
 	if c != '.' {
 		s.kind = IntLit
 		if c == '0' {
 			c = s.getr()
 			switch lower(c) {
 			case 'x':
 				c = s.getr()
 				base, prefix = 16, 'x'
 			case 'o':
 				c = s.getr()
 				base, prefix = 8, 'o'
 			case 'b':
 				c = s.getr()
 				base, prefix = 2, 'b'
 			default:
 				base, prefix = 8, '0'
 				digsep = 1 // leading 0
 			}
 		}
 		c, ds = s.digits(c, base, &invalid)
 		digsep |= ds
 	}

 	// fractional part
 	if c == '.' {
 		s.kind = FloatLit
 		if prefix == 'o' || prefix == 'b' {
 			s.errorf("invalid radix point in %s", litname(prefix))
 		}
 		c, ds = s.digits(s.getr(), base, &invalid)
 		digsep |= ds
 	}

 	if digsep&1 == 0 && !s.bad {
 		s.errorf("%s has no digits", litname(prefix))
 	}

 	// exponent
 	if e := lower(c); e == 'e' || e == 'p' {
 		if !s.bad {
 			switch {
 			case e == 'e' && prefix != 0 && prefix != '0':
 				s.errorf("%q exponent requires decimal mantissa", c)
 			case e == 'p' && prefix != 'x':
 				s.errorf("%q exponent requires hexadecimal mantissa", c)
 			}
 		}
 		c = s.getr()
 		s.kind = FloatLit
 		if c == '+' || c == '-' {
 			c = s.getr()
 		}
 		c, ds = s.digits(c, 10, nil)
 		digsep |= ds
 		if ds&1 == 0 && !s.bad {
 			s.errorf("exponent has no digits")
 		}
 	} else if prefix == 'x' && s.kind == FloatLit && !s.bad {
 		s.errorf("hexadecimal mantissa requires a 'p' exponent")
 	}

 	// suffix 'i'
 	if c == 'i' {
 		s.kind = ImagLit
 		c = s.getr()
 	}
 	s.ungetr()

 	s.nlsemi = true
 	s.lit = string(s.stopLit())
 	s.tok = _Literal

 	if s.kind == IntLit && invalid >= 0 && !s.bad {
 		s.errorAtf(invalid, "invalid digit %q in %s", s.lit[invalid], litname(prefix))
 	}

 	if digsep&2 != 0 && !s.bad {
 		if i := invalidSep(s.lit); i >= 0 {
 			s.errorAtf(i, "'_' must separate successive digits")
 		}
 	}
 }

 func litname(prefix rune) string {
 	switch prefix {
 	case 'x':
 		return "hexadecimal literal"
 	case 'o', '0':
 		return "octal literal"
 	case 'b':
 		return "binary literal"
 	}
 	return "decimal literal"
 }

 // invalidSep returns the index of the first invalid separator in x, or -1.
 func invalidSep(x string) int {
 	x1 := ' ' // prefix char, we only care if it's 'x'
 	d := '.'  // digit, one of '_', '0' (a digit), or '.' (anything else)
 	i := 0

 	// a prefix counts as a digit
 	if len(x) >= 2 && x[0] == '0' {
 		x1 = lower(rune(x[1]))
 		if x1 == 'x' || x1 == 'o' || x1 == 'b' {
 			d = '0'
 			i = 2
 		}
 	}

 	// mantissa and exponent
 	for ; i < len(x); i++ {
 		p := d // previous digit
 		d = rune(x[i])
 		switch {
 		case d == '_':
 			if p != '0' {
 				return i
 			}
 		case isDecimal(d) || x1 == 'x' && isHex(d):
 			d = '0'
 		default:
 			if p == '_' {
 				return i - 1
 			}
 			d = '.'
 		}
 	}
 	if d == '_' {
 		return len(x) - 1
 	}

 	return -1
 }

 func (s *scanner) rune() {
 	s.startLit()
 	s.bad = false

 	n := 0
 	for ; ; n++ {
 		r := s.getr()
 		if r == '\'' {
 			break
 		}
 		if r == '\\' {
 			s.escape('\'')
 			continue
 		}
 		if r == '\n' {
 			s.ungetr() // assume newline is not part of literal
 			if !s.bad {
 				s.errorf("newline in character literal")
 			}
 			break
 		}
 		if r < 0 {
 			if !s.bad {
 				s.errorAtf(0, "invalid character literal (missing closing ')")
 			}
 			break
 		}
 	}

 	if !s.bad {
 		if n == 0 {
 			s.errorf("empty character literal or unescaped ' in character literal")
 		} else if n != 1 {
 			s.errorAtf(0, "invalid character literal (more than one character)")
 		}
 	}

 	s.nlsemi = true
 	s.lit = string(s.stopLit())
 	s.kind = RuneLit
 	s.tok = _Literal
 }

 func (s *scanner) stdString() {
 	s.startLit()
 	s.bad = false

 	for {
 		r := s.getr()
 		if r == '"' {
 			break
 		}
 		if r == '\\' {
 			s.escape('"')
 			continue
 		}
 		if r == '\n' {
 			s.ungetr() // assume newline is not part of literal
 			s.errorf("newline in string")
 			break
 		}
 		if r < 0 {
 			s.errorAtf(0, "string not terminated")
 			break
 		}
 	}

 	s.nlsemi = true
 	s.lit = string(s.stopLit())
 	s.kind = StringLit
 	s.tok = _Literal
 }

 func (s *scanner) rawString() {
 	s.startLit()
 	s.bad = false

 	for {
 		r := s.getr()
 		if r == '`' {
 			break
 		}
 		if r < 0 {
 			s.errorAtf(0, "string not terminated")
 			break
 		}
 	}
 	// We leave CRs in the string since they are part of the
 	// literal (even though they are not part of the literal
 	// value).

 	s.nlsemi = true
 	s.lit = string(s.stopLit())
 	s.kind = StringLit
 	s.tok = _Literal
 }

 func (s *scanner) comment(text string) {
 	s.errh(s.line, s.col, text)
 }

 func (s *scanner) skipLine(r rune) {
 	for r >= 0 {
 		if r == '\n' {
 			s.ungetr() // don't consume '\n' - needed for nlsemi logic
 			break
 		}
 		r = s.getr()
 	}
 }

 func (s *scanner) lineComment() {
 	r := s.getr()

 	if s.mode&comments != 0 {
 		s.startLit()
 		s.skipLine(r)
 		s.comment("//" + string(s.stopLit()))
 		return
 	}

 	// directives must start at the beginning of the line (s.col == colbase)
 	if s.mode&directives == 0 || s.col != colbase || (r != 'g' && r != 'l') {
 		s.skipLine(r)
 		return
 	}

 	// recognize go: or line directives
 	prefix := "go:"
 	if r == 'l' {
 		prefix = "line "
 	}
 	for _, m := range prefix {
 		if r != m {
 			s.skipLine(r)
 			return
 		}
 		r = s.getr()
 	}

 	// directive text
 	s.startLit()
 	s.skipLine(r)
 	s.comment("//" + prefix + string(s.stopLit()))
 }

 func (s *scanner) skipComment(r rune) bool {
 	for r >= 0 {
 		for r == '*' {
 			r = s.getr()
 			if r == '/' {
 				return true
 			}
 		}
 		r = s.getr()
 	}
 	s.errorAtf(0, "comment not terminated")
 	return false
 }

 func (s *scanner) fullComment() {
 	r := s.getr()

 	if s.mode&comments != 0 {
 		s.startLit()
 		if s.skipComment(r) {
 			s.comment("/*" + string(s.stopLit()))
 		} else {
 			s.killLit() // not a complete comment - ignore
 		}
 		return
 	}

 	if s.mode&directives == 0 || r != 'l' {
 		s.skipComment(r)
 		return
 	}

 	// recognize line directive
 	const prefix = "line "
 	for _, m := range prefix {
 		if r != m {
 			s.skipComment(r)
 			return
 		}
 		r = s.getr()
 	}

 	// directive text
 	s.startLit()
 	if s.skipComment(r) {
 		s.comment("/*" + prefix + string(s.stopLit()))
 	} else {
 		s.killLit() // not a complete comment - ignore
 	}
 }

 func (s *scanner) escape(quote rune) {
 	var n int
 	var base, max uint32

 	c := s.getr()
 	switch c {
 	case 'a', 'b', 'f', 'n', 'r', 't', 'v', '\\', quote:
 		return
 	case '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7':
 		n, base, max = 3, 8, 255
 	case 'x':
 		c = s.getr()
 		n, base, max = 2, 16, 255
 	case 'u':
 		c = s.getr()
 		n, base, max = 4, 16, unicode.MaxRune
 	case 'U':
 		c = s.getr()
 		n, base, max = 8, 16, unicode.MaxRune
 	default:
 		if c < 0 {
 			return // complain in caller about EOF
 		}
 		s.errorf("unknown escape sequence")
 		return
 	}

 	var x uint32
 	for i := n; i > 0; i-- {
 		d := base
 		switch {
 		case isDecimal(c):
 			d = uint32(c) - '0'
 		case 'a' <= lower(c) && lower(c) <= 'f':
 			d = uint32(lower(c)) - ('a' - 10)
 		}
 		if d >= base {
 			if c < 0 {
 				return // complain in caller about EOF
 			}
 			kind := "hex"
 			if base == 8 {
 				kind = "octal"
 			}
 			s.errorf("non-%s character in escape sequence: %c", kind, c)
 			s.ungetr()
 			return
 		}
 		// d < base
 		x = x*base + d
 		c = s.getr()
 	}
 	s.ungetr()

 	if x > max && base == 8 {
 		s.errorf("octal escape value > 255: %d", x)
 		return
 	}

 	if x > max || 0xD800 <= x && x < 0xE000 /* surrogate range */ {
 		s.errorf("escape sequence is invalid Unicode code point %#U", x)
 	}
 }
	// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
	// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
	// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

	// This file implements scanner, a lexical tokenizer for
	// Go source. After initialization, consecutive calls of
	// next advance the scanner one token at a time.
	//
	// This file, source.go, and tokens.go are self-contained
	// (go tool compile scanner.go source.go tokens.go compiles)
	// and thus could be made into its own package.

	package syntax

	import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"unicode"
	"unicode/utf8"
	)

	// The mode flags below control which comments are reported
	// by calling the error handler. If no flag is set, comments
	// are ignored.
	const (
	comments uint = 1 << iota // call handler for all comments
	directives // call handler for directives only
	)

	type scanner struct {
	source
	mode uint
	nlsemi bool // if set '\n' and EOF translate to ';'

	// current token, valid after calling next()
	line, col uint
	tok token
	lit string // valid if tok is _Name, _Literal, or _Semi ("semicolon", "newline", or "EOF"); may be malformed if bad is true
	bad bool // valid if tok is _Literal, true if a syntax error occurred, lit may be malformed
	kind LitKind // valid if tok is _Literal
	op Operator // valid if tok is _Operator, _AssignOp, or _IncOp
	prec int // valid if tok is _Operator, _AssignOp, or _IncOp
	}

	func (s *scanner) init(src io.Reader, errh func(line, col uint, msg string), mode uint) {
	s.source.init(src, errh)
	s.mode = mode
	s.nlsemi = false
	}

	// errorf reports an error at the most recently read character position.
	func (s *scanner) errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
	s.bad = true
	s.error(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
	}

	// errorAtf reports an error at a byte column offset relative to the current token start.
	func (s *scanner) errorAtf(offset int, format string, args ...interface{}) {
	s.bad = true
	s.errh(s.line, s.col+uint(offset), fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
	}

	// next advances the scanner by reading the next token.
	//
	// If a read, source encoding, or lexical error occurs, next calls
	// the installed error handler with the respective error position
	// and message. The error message is guaranteed to be non-empty and
	// never starts with a '/'. The error handler must exist.
	//
	// If the scanner mode includes the comments flag and a comment
	// (including comments containing directives) is encountered, the
	// error handler is also called with each comment position and text
	// (including opening /* or // and closing */, but without a newline
	// at the end of line comments). Comment text always starts with a /
	// which can be used to distinguish these handler calls from errors.
	//
	// If the scanner mode includes the directives (but not the comments)
	// flag, only comments containing a //line, /*line, or //go: directive
	// are reported, in the same way as regular comments. Directives in
	// //-style comments are only recognized if they are at the beginning
	// of a line.
	//
	func (s *scanner) next() {
	nlsemi := s.nlsemi
	s.nlsemi = false

	redo:
	// skip white space
	c := s.getr()
	for c == ' ' \|\| c == '\t' \|\| c == '\n' && !nlsemi \|\| c == '\r' {
	c = s.getr()
	}

	// token start
	s.line, s.col = s.source.line0, s.source.col0

	if isLetter(c) \|\| c >= utf8.RuneSelf && s.isIdentRune(c, true) {
	s.ident()
	return
	}

	switch c {
	case -1:
	if nlsemi {
	s.lit = "EOF"
	s.tok = _Semi
	break
	}
	s.tok = _EOF

	case '\n':
	s.lit = "newline"
	s.tok = _Semi

	case '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9':
	s.number(c)

	case '"':
	s.stdString()

	case '`':
	s.rawString()

	case '\'':
	s.rune()

	case '(':
	s.tok = _Lparen

	case '[':
	s.tok = _Lbrack

	case '{':
	s.tok = _Lbrace

	case ',':
	s.tok = _Comma

	case ';':
	s.lit = "semicolon"
	s.tok = _Semi

	case ')':
	s.nlsemi = true
	s.tok = _Rparen

	case ']':
	s.nlsemi = true
	s.tok = _Rbrack

	case '}':
	s.nlsemi = true
	s.tok = _Rbrace

	case ':':
	if s.getr() == '=' {
	s.tok = _Define
	break
	}
	s.ungetr()
	s.tok = _Colon

	case '.':
	c = s.getr()
	if isDecimal(c) {
	s.ungetr()
	s.unread(1) // correct position of '.' (needed by startLit in number)
	s.number('.')
	break
	}
	if c == '.' {
	c = s.getr()
	if c == '.' {
	s.tok = _DotDotDot
	break
	}
	s.unread(1)
	}
	s.ungetr()
	s.tok = _Dot

	case '+':
	s.op, s.prec = Add, precAdd
	c = s.getr()
	if c != '+' {
	goto assignop
	}
	s.nlsemi = true
	s.tok = _IncOp

	case '-':
	s.op, s.prec = Sub, precAdd
	c = s.getr()
	if c != '-' {
	goto assignop
	}
	s.nlsemi = true
	s.tok = _IncOp

	case '*':
	s.op, s.prec = Mul, precMul
	// don't goto assignop - want _Star token
	if s.getr() == '=' {
	s.tok = _AssignOp
	break
	}
	s.ungetr()
	s.tok = _Star

	case '/':
	c = s.getr()
	if c == '/' {
	s.lineComment()
	goto redo
	}
	if c == '*' {
	s.fullComment()
	if s.source.line > s.line && nlsemi {
	// A multi-line comment acts like a newline;
	// it translates to a ';' if nlsemi is set.
	s.lit = "newline"
	s.tok = _Semi
	break
	}
	goto redo
	}
	s.op, s.prec = Div, precMul
	goto assignop

	case '%':
	s.op, s.prec = Rem, precMul
	c = s.getr()
	goto assignop

	case '&':
	c = s.getr()
	if c == '&' {
	s.op, s.prec = AndAnd, precAndAnd
	s.tok = _Operator
	break
	}
	s.op, s.prec = And, precMul
	if c == '^' {
	s.op = AndNot
	c = s.getr()
	}
	goto assignop

	case '\|':
	c = s.getr()
	if c == '\|' {
	s.op, s.prec = OrOr, precOrOr
	s.tok = _Operator
	break
	}
	s.op, s.prec = Or, precAdd
	goto assignop

	case '^':
	s.op, s.prec = Xor, precAdd
	c = s.getr()
	goto assignop

	case '<':
	c = s.getr()
	if c == '=' {
	s.op, s.prec = Leq, precCmp
	s.tok = _Operator
	break
	}
	if c == '<' {
	s.op, s.prec = Shl, precMul
	c = s.getr()
	goto assignop
	}
	if c == '-' {
	s.tok = _Arrow
	break
	}
	s.ungetr()
	s.op, s.prec = Lss, precCmp
	s.tok = _Operator

	case '>':
	c = s.getr()
	if c == '=' {
	s.op, s.prec = Geq, precCmp
	s.tok = _Operator
	break
	}
	if c == '>' {
	s.op, s.prec = Shr, precMul
	c = s.getr()
	goto assignop
	}
	s.ungetr()
	s.op, s.prec = Gtr, precCmp
	s.tok = _Operator

	case '=':
	if s.getr() == '=' {
	s.op, s.prec = Eql, precCmp
	s.tok = _Operator
	break
	}
	s.ungetr()
	s.tok = _Assign

	case '!':
	if s.getr() == '=' {
	s.op, s.prec = Neq, precCmp
	s.tok = _Operator
	break
	}
	s.ungetr()
	s.op, s.prec = Not, 0
	s.tok = _Operator

	default:
	s.tok = 0
	s.errorf("invalid character %#U", c)
	goto redo
	}

	return

	assignop:
	if c == '=' {
	s.tok = _AssignOp
	return
	}
	s.ungetr()
	s.tok = _Operator
	}

	func isLetter(c rune) bool {
	return 'a' <= lower(c) && lower(c) <= 'z' \|\| c == '_'
	}

	func (s *scanner) ident() {
	s.startLit()

	// accelerate common case (7bit ASCII)
	c := s.getr()
	for isLetter(c) \|\| isDecimal(c) {
	c = s.getr()
	}

	// general case
	if c >= utf8.RuneSelf {
	for s.isIdentRune(c, false) {
	c = s.getr()
	}
	}
	s.ungetr()

	lit := s.stopLit()

	// possibly a keyword
	if len(lit) >= 2 {
	if tok := keywordMap[hash(lit)]; tok != 0 && tokStrFast(tok) == string(lit) {
	s.nlsemi = contains(1<<_Break\|1<<_Continue\|1<<_Fallthrough\|1<<_Return, tok)
	s.tok = tok
	return
	}
	}

	s.nlsemi = true
	s.lit = string(lit)
	s.tok = _Name
	}

	// tokStrFast is a faster version of token.String, which assumes that tok
	// is one of the valid tokens - and can thus skip bounds checks.
	func tokStrFast(tok token) string {
	return _token_name[_token_index[tok-1]:_token_index[tok]]
	}

	func (s *scanner) isIdentRune(c rune, first bool) bool {
	switch {
	case unicode.IsLetter(c) \|\| c == '_':
	// ok
	case unicode.IsDigit(c):
	if first {
	s.errorf("identifier cannot begin with digit %#U", c)
	}
	case c >= utf8.RuneSelf:
	s.errorf("invalid identifier character %#U", c)
	default:
	return false
	}
	return true
	}

	// hash is a perfect hash function for keywords.
	// It assumes that s has at least length 2.
	func hash(s []byte) uint {
	return (uint(s[0])<<4 ^ uint(s[1]) + uint(len(s))) & uint(len(keywordMap)-1)
	}

	var keywordMap [1 << 6]token // size must be power of two

	func init() {
	// populate keywordMap
	for tok := _Break; tok <= _Var; tok++ {
	h := hash([]byte(tok.String()))
	if keywordMap[h] != 0 {
	panic("imperfect hash")
	}
	keywordMap[h] = tok
	}
	}

	func lower(c rune) rune { return ('a' - 'A') \| c } // returns lower-case c iff c is ASCII letter
	func isDecimal(c rune) bool { return '0' <= c && c <= '9' }
	func isHex(c rune) bool { return '0' <= c && c <= '9' \|\| 'a' <= lower(c) && lower(c) <= 'f' }

	// digits accepts the sequence { digit \| '_' } starting with c0.
	// If base <= 10, digits accepts any decimal digit but records
	// the index (relative to the literal start) of a digit >= base
	// in invalid, if invalid < 0.
	// digits returns the first rune that is not part of the sequence
	// anymore, and a bitset describing whether the sequence contained
	// digits (bit 0 is set), or separators '_' (bit 1 is set).
	func (s scanner) digits(c0 rune, base int, invalid int) (c rune, digsep int) {
	c = c0
	if base <= 10 {
	max := rune('0' + base)
	for isDecimal(c) \|\| c == '_' {
	ds := 1
	if c == '_' {
	ds = 2
	} else if c >= max && *invalid < 0 {
	*invalid = int(s.col0 - s.col) // record invalid rune index
	}
	digsep \|= ds
	c = s.getr()
	}
	} else {
	for isHex(c) \|\| c == '_' {
	ds := 1
	if c == '_' {
	ds = 2
	}
	digsep \|= ds
	c = s.getr()
	}
	}
	return
	}

	func (s *scanner) number(c rune) {
	s.startLit()
	s.bad = false

	base := 10 // number base
	prefix := rune(0) // one of 0 (decimal), '0' (0-octal), 'x', 'o', or 'b'
	digsep := 0 // bit 0: digit present, bit 1: '_' present
	invalid := -1 // index of invalid digit in literal, or < 0

	// integer part
	var ds int
	if c != '.' {
	s.kind = IntLit
	if c == '0' {
	c = s.getr()
	switch lower(c) {
	case 'x':
	c = s.getr()
	base, prefix = 16, 'x'
	case 'o':
	c = s.getr()
	base, prefix = 8, 'o'
	case 'b':
	c = s.getr()
	base, prefix = 2, 'b'
	default:
	base, prefix = 8, '0'
	digsep = 1 // leading 0
	}
	}
	c, ds = s.digits(c, base, &invalid)
	digsep \|= ds
	}

	// fractional part
	if c == '.' {
	s.kind = FloatLit
	if prefix == 'o' \|\| prefix == 'b' {
	s.errorf("invalid radix point in %s", litname(prefix))
	}
	c, ds = s.digits(s.getr(), base, &invalid)
	digsep \|= ds
	}

	if digsep&1 == 0 && !s.bad {
	s.errorf("%s has no digits", litname(prefix))
	}

	// exponent
	if e := lower(c); e == 'e' \|\| e == 'p' {
	if !s.bad {
	switch {
	case e == 'e' && prefix != 0 && prefix != '0':
	s.errorf("%q exponent requires decimal mantissa", c)
	case e == 'p' && prefix != 'x':
	s.errorf("%q exponent requires hexadecimal mantissa", c)
	}
	}
	c = s.getr()
	s.kind = FloatLit
	if c == '+' \|\| c == '-' {
	c = s.getr()
	}
	c, ds = s.digits(c, 10, nil)
	digsep \|= ds
	if ds&1 == 0 && !s.bad {
	s.errorf("exponent has no digits")
	}
	} else if prefix == 'x' && s.kind == FloatLit && !s.bad {
	s.errorf("hexadecimal mantissa requires a 'p' exponent")
	}

	// suffix 'i'
	if c == 'i' {
	s.kind = ImagLit
	c = s.getr()
	}
	s.ungetr()

	s.nlsemi = true
	s.lit = string(s.stopLit())
	s.tok = _Literal

	if s.kind == IntLit && invalid >= 0 && !s.bad {
	s.errorAtf(invalid, "invalid digit %q in %s", s.lit[invalid], litname(prefix))
	}

	if digsep&2 != 0 && !s.bad {
	if i := invalidSep(s.lit); i >= 0 {
	s.errorAtf(i, "'_' must separate successive digits")
	}
	}
	}

	func litname(prefix rune) string {
	switch prefix {
	case 'x':
	return "hexadecimal literal"
	case 'o', '0':
	return "octal literal"
	case 'b':
	return "binary literal"
	}
	return "decimal literal"
	}

	// invalidSep returns the index of the first invalid separator in x, or -1.
	func invalidSep(x string) int {
	x1 := ' ' // prefix char, we only care if it's 'x'
	d := '.' // digit, one of '_', '0' (a digit), or '.' (anything else)
	i := 0

	// a prefix counts as a digit
	if len(x) >= 2 && x[0] == '0' {
	x1 = lower(rune(x[1]))
	if x1 == 'x' \|\| x1 == 'o' \|\| x1 == 'b' {
	d = '0'
	i = 2
	}
	}

	// mantissa and exponent
	for ; i < len(x); i++ {
	p := d // previous digit
	d = rune(x[i])
	switch {
	case d == '_':
	if p != '0' {
	return i
	}
	case isDecimal(d) \|\| x1 == 'x' && isHex(d):
	d = '0'
	default:
	if p == '_' {
	return i - 1
	}
	d = '.'
	}
	}
	if d == '_' {
	return len(x) - 1
	}

	return -1
	}

	func (s *scanner) rune() {
	s.startLit()
	s.bad = false

	n := 0
	for ; ; n++ {
	r := s.getr()
	if r == '\'' {
	break
	}
	if r == '\\' {
	s.escape('\'')
	continue
	}
	if r == '\n' {
	s.ungetr() // assume newline is not part of literal
	if !s.bad {
	s.errorf("newline in character literal")
	}
	break
	}
	if r < 0 {
	if !s.bad {
	s.errorAtf(0, "invalid character literal (missing closing ')")
	}
	break
	}
	}

	if !s.bad {
	if n == 0 {
	s.errorf("empty character literal or unescaped ' in character literal")
	} else if n != 1 {
	s.errorAtf(0, "invalid character literal (more than one character)")
	}
	}

	s.nlsemi = true
	s.lit = string(s.stopLit())
	s.kind = RuneLit
	s.tok = _Literal
	}

	func (s *scanner) stdString() {
	s.startLit()
	s.bad = false

	for {
	r := s.getr()
	if r == '"' {
	break
	}
	if r == '\\' {
	s.escape('"')
	continue
	}
	if r == '\n' {
	s.ungetr() // assume newline is not part of literal
	s.errorf("newline in string")
	break
	}
	if r < 0 {
	s.errorAtf(0, "string not terminated")
	break
	}
	}

	s.nlsemi = true
	s.lit = string(s.stopLit())
	s.kind = StringLit
	s.tok = _Literal
	}

	func (s *scanner) rawString() {
	s.startLit()
	s.bad = false

	for {
	r := s.getr()
	if r == '`' {
	break
	}
	if r < 0 {
	s.errorAtf(0, "string not terminated")
	break
	}
	}
	// We leave CRs in the string since they are part of the
	// literal (even though they are not part of the literal
	// value).

	s.nlsemi = true
	s.lit = string(s.stopLit())
	s.kind = StringLit
	s.tok = _Literal
	}

	func (s *scanner) comment(text string) {
	s.errh(s.line, s.col, text)
	}

	func (s *scanner) skipLine(r rune) {
	for r >= 0 {
	if r == '\n' {
	s.ungetr() // don't consume '\n' - needed for nlsemi logic
	break
	}
	r = s.getr()
	}
	}

	func (s *scanner) lineComment() {
	r := s.getr()

	if s.mode&comments != 0 {
	s.startLit()
	s.skipLine(r)
	s.comment("//" + string(s.stopLit()))
	return
	}

	// directives must start at the beginning of the line (s.col == colbase)
	if s.mode&directives == 0 \|\| s.col != colbase \|\| (r != 'g' && r != 'l') {
	s.skipLine(r)
	return
	}

	// recognize go: or line directives
	prefix := "go:"
	if r == 'l' {
	prefix = "line "
	}
	for _, m := range prefix {
	if r != m {
	s.skipLine(r)
	return
	}
	r = s.getr()
	}

	// directive text
	s.startLit()
	s.skipLine(r)
	s.comment("//" + prefix + string(s.stopLit()))
	}

	func (s *scanner) skipComment(r rune) bool {
	for r >= 0 {
	for r == '*' {
	r = s.getr()
	if r == '/' {
	return true
	}
	}
	r = s.getr()
	}
	s.errorAtf(0, "comment not terminated")
	return false
	}

	func (s *scanner) fullComment() {
	r := s.getr()

	if s.mode&comments != 0 {
	s.startLit()
	if s.skipComment(r) {
	s.comment("/*" + string(s.stopLit()))
	} else {
	s.killLit() // not a complete comment - ignore
	}
	return
	}

	if s.mode&directives == 0 \|\| r != 'l' {
	s.skipComment(r)
	return
	}

	// recognize line directive
	const prefix = "line "
	for _, m := range prefix {
	if r != m {
	s.skipComment(r)
	return
	}
	r = s.getr()
	}

	// directive text
	s.startLit()
	if s.skipComment(r) {
	s.comment("/*" + prefix + string(s.stopLit()))
	} else {
	s.killLit() // not a complete comment - ignore
	}
	}

	func (s *scanner) escape(quote rune) {
	var n int
	var base, max uint32

	c := s.getr()
	switch c {
	case 'a', 'b', 'f', 'n', 'r', 't', 'v', '\\', quote:
	return
	case '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7':
	n, base, max = 3, 8, 255
	case 'x':
	c = s.getr()
	n, base, max = 2, 16, 255
	case 'u':
	c = s.getr()
	n, base, max = 4, 16, unicode.MaxRune
	case 'U':
	c = s.getr()
	n, base, max = 8, 16, unicode.MaxRune
	default:
	if c < 0 {
	return // complain in caller about EOF
	}
	s.errorf("unknown escape sequence")
	return
	}

	var x uint32
	for i := n; i > 0; i-- {
	d := base
	switch {
	case isDecimal(c):
	d = uint32(c) - '0'
	case 'a' <= lower(c) && lower(c) <= 'f':
	d = uint32(lower(c)) - ('a' - 10)
	}
	if d >= base {
	if c < 0 {
	return // complain in caller about EOF
	}
	kind := "hex"
	if base == 8 {
	kind = "octal"
	}
	s.errorf("non-%s character in escape sequence: %c", kind, c)
	s.ungetr()
	return
	}
	// d < base
	x = x*base + d
	c = s.getr()
	}
	s.ungetr()

	if x > max && base == 8 {
	s.errorf("octal escape value > 255: %d", x)
	return
	}

	if x > max \|\| 0xD800 <= x && x < 0xE000 /* surrogate range */ {
	s.errorf("escape sequence is invalid Unicode code point %#U", x)
	}
	}