test/prove.go

// errorcheck -0 -d=ssa/prove/debug=1

//go:build amd64
// +build amd64

// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package main

import "math"

func f0(a []int) int {
	a[0] = 1
	a[0] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	a[6] = 1
	a[6] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	a[5] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	a[5] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	return 13
}

func f1(a []int) int {
	if len(a) <= 5 {
		return 18
	}
	a[0] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	a[0] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	a[6] = 1
	a[6] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	a[5] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	a[5] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	return 26
}

func f1b(a []int, i int, j uint) int {
	if i >= 0 && i < len(a) {
		return a[i] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if i >= 10 && i < len(a) {
		return a[i] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if i >= 10 && i < len(a) {
		return a[i] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if i >= 10 && i < len(a) {
		return a[i-10] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if j < uint(len(a)) {
		return a[j] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	return 0
}

func f1c(a []int, i int64) int {
	c := uint64(math.MaxInt64 + 10) // overflows int
	d := int64(c)
	if i >= d && i < int64(len(a)) {
		// d overflows, should not be handled.
		return a[i]
	}
	return 0
}

func f2(a []int) int {
	for i := range a { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
		a[i+1] = i
		a[i+1] = i // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	return 34
}

func f3(a []uint) int {
	for i := uint(0); i < uint(len(a)); i++ {
		a[i] = i // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	return 41
}

func f4a(a, b, c int) int {
	if a < b {
		if a == b { // ERROR "Disproved Eq64$"
			return 47
		}
		if a > b { // ERROR "Disproved Less64$"
			return 50
		}
		if a < b { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
			return 53
		}
		// We can't get to this point and prove knows that, so
		// there's no message for the next (obvious) branch.
		if a != a {
			return 56
		}
		return 61
	}
	return 63
}

func f4b(a, b, c int) int {
	if a <= b {
		if a >= b {
			if a == b { // ERROR "Proved Eq64$"
				return 70
			}
			return 75
		}
		return 77
	}
	return 79
}

func f4c(a, b, c int) int {
	if a <= b {
		if a >= b {
			if a != b { // ERROR "Disproved Neq64$"
				return 73
			}
			return 75
		}
		return 77
	}
	return 79
}

func f4d(a, b, c int) int {
	if a < b {
		if a < c {
			if a < b { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
				if a < c { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
					return 87
				}
				return 89
			}
			return 91
		}
		return 93
	}
	return 95
}

func f4e(a, b, c int) int {
	if a < b {
		if b > a { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
			return 101
		}
		return 103
	}
	return 105
}

func f4f(a, b, c int) int {
	if a <= b {
		if b > a {
			if b == a { // ERROR "Disproved Eq64$"
				return 112
			}
			return 114
		}
		if b >= a { // ERROR "Proved Leq64$"
			if b == a { // ERROR "Proved Eq64$"
				return 118
			}
			return 120
		}
		return 122
	}
	return 124
}

func f5(a, b uint) int {
	if a == b {
		if a <= b { // ERROR "Proved Leq64U$"
			return 130
		}
		return 132
	}
	return 134
}

// These comparisons are compile time constants.
func f6a(a uint8) int {
	if a < a { // ERROR "Disproved Less8U$"
		return 140
	}
	return 151
}

func f6b(a uint8) int {
	if a < a { // ERROR "Disproved Less8U$"
		return 140
	}
	return 151
}

func f6x(a uint8) int {
	if a > a { // ERROR "Disproved Less8U$"
		return 143
	}
	return 151
}

func f6d(a uint8) int {
	if a <= a { // ERROR "Proved Leq8U$"
		return 146
	}
	return 151
}

func f6e(a uint8) int {
	if a >= a { // ERROR "Proved Leq8U$"
		return 149
	}
	return 151
}

func f7(a []int, b int) int {
	if b < len(a) {
		a[b] = 3
		if b < len(a) { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
			a[b] = 5 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		}
	}
	return 161
}

func f8(a, b uint) int {
	if a == b {
		return 166
	}
	if a > b {
		return 169
	}
	if a < b { // ERROR "Proved Less64U$"
		return 172
	}
	return 174
}

func f9(a, b bool) int {
	if a {
		return 1
	}
	if a || b { // ERROR "Disproved Arg$"
		return 2
	}
	return 3
}

func f10(a string) int {
	n := len(a)
	// We optimize comparisons with small constant strings (see cmd/compile/internal/gc/walk.go),
	// so this string literal must be long.
	if a[:n>>1] == "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa" {
		return 0
	}
	return 1
}

func f11a(a []int, i int) {
	useInt(a[i])
	useInt(a[i]) // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
}

func f11b(a []int, i int) {
	useSlice(a[i:])
	useSlice(a[i:]) // ERROR "Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
}

func f11c(a []int, i int) {
	useSlice(a[:i])
	useSlice(a[:i]) // ERROR "Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
}

func f11d(a []int, i int) {
	useInt(a[2*i+7])
	useInt(a[2*i+7]) // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
}

func f12(a []int, b int) {
	useSlice(a[:b])
}

func f13a(a, b, c int, x bool) int {
	if a > 12 {
		if x {
			if a < 12 { // ERROR "Disproved Less64$"
				return 1
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a <= 12 { // ERROR "Disproved Leq64$"
				return 2
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a == 12 { // ERROR "Disproved Eq64$"
				return 3
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a >= 12 { // ERROR "Proved Leq64$"
				return 4
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a > 12 { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
				return 5
			}
		}
		return 6
	}
	return 0
}

func f13b(a int, x bool) int {
	if a == -9 {
		if x {
			if a < -9 { // ERROR "Disproved Less64$"
				return 7
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a <= -9 { // ERROR "Proved Leq64$"
				return 8
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a == -9 { // ERROR "Proved Eq64$"
				return 9
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a >= -9 { // ERROR "Proved Leq64$"
				return 10
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a > -9 { // ERROR "Disproved Less64$"
				return 11
			}
		}
		return 12
	}
	return 0
}

func f13c(a int, x bool) int {
	if a < 90 {
		if x {
			if a < 90 { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
				return 13
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a <= 90 { // ERROR "Proved Leq64$"
				return 14
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a == 90 { // ERROR "Disproved Eq64$"
				return 15
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a >= 90 { // ERROR "Disproved Leq64$"
				return 16
			}
		}
		if x {
			if a > 90 { // ERROR "Disproved Less64$"
				return 17
			}
		}
		return 18
	}
	return 0
}

func f13d(a int) int {
	if a < 5 {
		if a < 9 { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
			return 1
		}
	}
	return 0
}

func f13e(a int) int {
	if a > 9 {
		if a > 5 { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
			return 1
		}
	}
	return 0
}

func f13f(a int64) int64 {
	if a > math.MaxInt64 {
		if a == 0 { // ERROR "Disproved Eq64$"
			return 1
		}
	}
	return 0
}

func f13g(a int) int {
	if a < 3 {
		return 5
	}
	if a > 3 {
		return 6
	}
	if a == 3 { // ERROR "Proved Eq64$"
		return 7
	}
	return 8
}

func f13h(a int) int {
	if a < 3 {
		if a > 1 {
			if a == 2 { // ERROR "Proved Eq64$"
				return 5
			}
		}
	}
	return 0
}

func f13i(a uint) int {
	if a == 0 {
		return 1
	}
	if a > 0 { // ERROR "Proved Less64U$"
		return 2
	}
	return 3
}

func f14(p, q *int, a []int) {
	// This crazy ordering usually gives i1 the lowest value ID,
	// j the middle value ID, and i2 the highest value ID.
	// That used to confuse CSE because it ordered the args
	// of the two + ops below differently.
	// That in turn foiled bounds check elimination.
	i1 := *p
	j := *q
	i2 := *p
	useInt(a[i1+j])
	useInt(a[i2+j]) // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
}

func f15(s []int, x int) {
	useSlice(s[x:])
	useSlice(s[:x]) // ERROR "Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
}

func f16(s []int) []int {
	if len(s) >= 10 {
		return s[:10] // ERROR "Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
	}
	return nil
}

func f17(b []int) {
	for i := 0; i < len(b); i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
		// This tests for i <= cap, which we can only prove
		// using the derived relation between len and cap.
		// This depends on finding the contradiction, since we
		// don't query this condition directly.
		useSlice(b[:i]) // ERROR "Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
	}
}

func f18(b []int, x int, y uint) {
	_ = b[x]
	_ = b[y]

	if x > len(b) { // ERROR "Disproved Less64$"
		return
	}
	if y > uint(len(b)) { // ERROR "Disproved Less64U$"
		return
	}
	if int(y) > len(b) { // ERROR "Disproved Less64$"
		return
	}
}

func f19() (e int64, err error) {
	// Issue 29502: slice[:0] is incorrectly disproved.
	var stack []int64
	stack = append(stack, 123)
	if len(stack) > 1 {
		panic("too many elements")
	}
	last := len(stack) - 1
	e = stack[last]
	// Buggy compiler prints "Disproved Leq64" for the next line.
	stack = stack[:last]
	return e, nil
}

func sm1(b []int, x int) {
	// Test constant argument to slicemask.
	useSlice(b[2:8]) // ERROR "Proved slicemask not needed$"
	// Test non-constant argument with known limits.
	if cap(b) > 10 {
		useSlice(b[2:])
	}
}

func lim1(x, y, z int) {
	// Test relations between signed and unsigned limits.
	if x > 5 {
		if uint(x) > 5 { // ERROR "Proved Less64U$"
			return
		}
	}
	if y >= 0 && y < 4 {
		if uint(y) > 4 { // ERROR "Disproved Less64U$"
			return
		}
		if uint(y) < 5 { // ERROR "Proved Less64U$"
			return
		}
	}
	if z < 4 {
		if uint(z) > 4 { // Not provable without disjunctions.
			return
		}
	}
}

// fence1–4 correspond to the four fence-post implications.

func fence1(b []int, x, y int) {
	// Test proofs that rely on fence-post implications.
	if x+1 > y {
		if x < y { // ERROR "Disproved Less64$"
			return
		}
	}
	if len(b) < cap(b) {
		// This eliminates the growslice path.
		b = append(b, 1) // ERROR "Disproved Less64U$"
	}
}

func fence2(x, y int) {
	if x-1 < y {
		if x > y { // ERROR "Disproved Less64$"
			return
		}
	}
}

func fence3(b, c []int, x, y int64) {
	if x-1 >= y {
		if x <= y { // Can't prove because x may have wrapped.
			return
		}
	}

	if x != math.MinInt64 && x-1 >= y {
		if x <= y { // ERROR "Disproved Leq64$"
			return
		}
	}

	c[len(c)-1] = 0 // Can't prove because len(c) might be 0

	if n := len(b); n > 0 {
		b[n-1] = 0 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
}

func fence4(x, y int64) {
	if x >= y+1 {
		if x <= y {
			return
		}
	}
	if y != math.MaxInt64 && x >= y+1 {
		if x <= y { // ERROR "Disproved Leq64$"
			return
		}
	}
}

// Check transitive relations
func trans1(x, y int64) {
	if x > 5 {
		if y > x {
			if y > 2 { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
				return
			}
		} else if y == x {
			if y > 5 { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
				return
			}
		}
	}
	if x >= 10 {
		if y > x {
			if y > 10 { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
				return
			}
		}
	}
}

func trans2(a, b []int, i int) {
	if len(a) != len(b) {
		return
	}

	_ = a[i]
	_ = b[i] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
}

func trans3(a, b []int, i int) {
	if len(a) > len(b) {
		return
	}

	_ = a[i]
	_ = b[i] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
}

func trans4(b []byte, x int) {
	// Issue #42603: slice len/cap transitive relations.
	switch x {
	case 0:
		if len(b) < 20 {
			return
		}
		_ = b[:2] // ERROR "Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
	case 1:
		if len(b) < 40 {
			return
		}
		_ = b[:2] // ERROR "Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
	}
}

// Derived from nat.cmp
func natcmp(x, y []uint) (r int) {
	m := len(x)
	n := len(y)
	if m != n || m == 0 {
		return
	}

	i := m - 1
	for i > 0 && // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \(0,\?\], increment 1$"
		x[i] == // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
			y[i] { // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		i--
	}

	switch {
	case x[i] < // todo, cannot prove this because it's dominated by i<=0 || x[i]==y[i]
		y[i]: // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		r = -1
	case x[i] > // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		y[i]: // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		r = 1
	}
	return
}

func suffix(s, suffix string) bool {
	// todo, we're still not able to drop the bound check here in the general case
	return len(s) >= len(suffix) && s[len(s)-len(suffix):] == suffix
}

func constsuffix(s string) bool {
	return suffix(s, "abc") // ERROR "Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
}

// oforuntil tests the pattern created by OFORUNTIL blocks. These are
// handled by addLocalInductiveFacts rather than findIndVar.
func oforuntil(b []int) {
	i := 0
	if len(b) > i {
	top:
		println(b[i]) // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$" "Proved IsInBounds$"
		i++
		if i < len(b) {
			goto top
		}
	}
}

func atexit(foobar []func()) {
	for i := len(foobar) - 1; i >= 0; i-- { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\], increment 1"
		f := foobar[i]
		foobar = foobar[:i] // ERROR "IsSliceInBounds"
		f()
	}
}

func make1(n int) []int {
	s := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1"
		s[i] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	return s
}

func make2(n int) []int {
	s := make([]int, n)
	for i := range s { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1"
		s[i] = 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	return s
}

// The range tests below test the index variable of range loops.

// range1 compiles to the "efficiently indexable" form of a range loop.
func range1(b []int) {
	for i, v := range b { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
		b[i] = v + 1    // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		if i < len(b) { // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
			println("x")
		}
		if i >= 0 { // ERROR "Proved Leq64$"
			println("x")
		}
	}
}

// range2 elements are larger, so they use the general form of a range loop.
func range2(b [][32]int) {
	for i, v := range b { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
		b[i][0] = v[0] + 1 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		if i < len(b) {    // ERROR "Proved Less64$"
			println("x")
		}
		if i >= 0 { // ERROR "Proved Leq64$"
			println("x")
		}
	}
}

// signhint1-2 test whether the hint (int >= 0) is propagated into the loop.
func signHint1(i int, data []byte) {
	if i >= 0 {
		for i < len(data) { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[\?,\?\), increment 1$"
			_ = data[i] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
			i++
		}
	}
}

func signHint2(b []byte, n int) {
	if n < 0 {
		panic("")
	}
	_ = b[25]
	for i := n; i <= 25; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[\?,25\], increment 1$"
		b[i] = 123 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
}

// indexGT0 tests whether prove learns int index >= 0 from bounds check.
func indexGT0(b []byte, n int) {
	_ = b[n]
	_ = b[25]

	for i := n; i <= 25; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[\?,25\], increment 1$"
		b[i] = 123 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
}

// Induction variable in unrolled loop.
func unrollUpExcl(a []int) int {
	var i, x int
	for i = 0; i < len(a)-1; i += 2 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 2$"
		x += a[i] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		x += a[i+1]
	}
	if i == len(a)-1 {
		x += a[i]
	}
	return x
}

// Induction variable in unrolled loop.
func unrollUpIncl(a []int) int {
	var i, x int
	for i = 0; i <= len(a)-2; i += 2 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\], increment 2$"
		x += a[i] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		x += a[i+1]
	}
	if i == len(a)-1 {
		x += a[i]
	}
	return x
}

// Induction variable in unrolled loop.
func unrollDownExcl0(a []int) int {
	var i, x int
	for i = len(a) - 1; i > 0; i -= 2 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \(0,\?\], increment 2$"
		x += a[i]   // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		x += a[i-1] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if i == 0 {
		x += a[i]
	}
	return x
}

// Induction variable in unrolled loop.
func unrollDownExcl1(a []int) int {
	var i, x int
	for i = len(a) - 1; i >= 1; i -= 2 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[1,\?\], increment 2$"
		x += a[i]   // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		x += a[i-1] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if i == 0 {
		x += a[i]
	}
	return x
}

// Induction variable in unrolled loop.
func unrollDownInclStep(a []int) int {
	var i, x int
	for i = len(a); i >= 2; i -= 2 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[2,\?\], increment 2$"
		x += a[i-1] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		x += a[i-2] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if i == 1 {
		x += a[i-1]
	}
	return x
}

// Not an induction variable (step too large)
func unrollExclStepTooLarge(a []int) int {
	var i, x int
	for i = 0; i < len(a)-1; i += 3 {
		x += a[i]
		x += a[i+1]
	}
	if i == len(a)-1 {
		x += a[i]
	}
	return x
}

// Not an induction variable (step too large)
func unrollInclStepTooLarge(a []int) int {
	var i, x int
	for i = 0; i <= len(a)-2; i += 3 {
		x += a[i]
		x += a[i+1]
	}
	if i == len(a)-1 {
		x += a[i]
	}
	return x
}

// Not an induction variable (min too small, iterating down)
func unrollDecMin(a []int) int {
	var i, x int
	for i = len(a); i >= math.MinInt64; i -= 2 {
		x += a[i-1]
		x += a[i-2]
	}
	if i == 1 { // ERROR "Disproved Eq64$"
		x += a[i-1]
	}
	return x
}

// Not an induction variable (min too small, iterating up -- perhaps could allow, but why bother?)
func unrollIncMin(a []int) int {
	var i, x int
	for i = len(a); i >= math.MinInt64; i += 2 {
		x += a[i-1]
		x += a[i-2]
	}
	if i == 1 { // ERROR "Disproved Eq64$"
		x += a[i-1]
	}
	return x
}

// The 4 xxxxExtNto64 functions below test whether prove is looking
// through value-preserving sign/zero extensions of index values (issue #26292).

// Look through all extensions
func signExtNto64(x []int, j8 int8, j16 int16, j32 int32) int {
	if len(x) < 22 {
		return 0
	}
	if j8 >= 0 && j8 < 22 {
		return x[j8] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if j16 >= 0 && j16 < 22 {
		return x[j16] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if j32 >= 0 && j32 < 22 {
		return x[j32] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	return 0
}

func zeroExtNto64(x []int, j8 uint8, j16 uint16, j32 uint32) int {
	if len(x) < 22 {
		return 0
	}
	if j8 >= 0 && j8 < 22 {
		return x[j8] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if j16 >= 0 && j16 < 22 {
		return x[j16] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	if j32 >= 0 && j32 < 22 {
		return x[j32] // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
	}
	return 0
}

// Process fence-post implications through 32to64 extensions (issue #29964)
func signExt32to64Fence(x []int, j int32) int {
	if x[j] != 0 {
		return 1
	}
	if j > 0 && x[j-1] != 0 { // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		return 1
	}
	return 0
}

func zeroExt32to64Fence(x []int, j uint32) int {
	if x[j] != 0 {
		return 1
	}
	if j > 0 && x[j-1] != 0 { // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		return 1
	}
	return 0
}

// Ensure that bounds checks with negative indexes are not incorrectly removed.
func negIndex() {
	n := make([]int, 1)
	for i := -1; i <= 0; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[-1,0\], increment 1$"
		n[i] = 1
	}
}
func negIndex2(n int) {
	a := make([]int, 5)
	b := make([]int, 5)
	c := make([]int, 5)
	for i := -1; i <= 0; i-- {
		b[i] = i
		n++
		if n > 10 {
			break
		}
	}
	useSlice(a)
	useSlice(c)
}

// Check that prove is zeroing these right shifts of positive ints by bit-width - 1.
// e.g (Rsh64x64 <t> n (Const64 <typ.UInt64> [63])) && ft.isNonNegative(n) -> 0
func sh64(n int64) int64 {
	if n < 0 {
		return n
	}
	return n >> 63 // ERROR "Proved Rsh64x64 shifts to zero"
}

func sh32(n int32) int32 {
	if n < 0 {
		return n
	}
	return n >> 31 // ERROR "Proved Rsh32x64 shifts to zero"
}

func sh32x64(n int32) int32 {
	if n < 0 {
		return n
	}
	return n >> uint64(31) // ERROR "Proved Rsh32x64 shifts to zero"
}

func sh16(n int16) int16 {
	if n < 0 {
		return n
	}
	return n >> 15 // ERROR "Proved Rsh16x64 shifts to zero"
}

func sh64noopt(n int64) int64 {
	return n >> 63 // not optimized; n could be negative
}

// These cases are division of a positive signed integer by a power of 2.
// The opt pass doesnt have sufficient information to see that n is positive.
// So, instead, opt rewrites the division with a less-than-optimal replacement.
// Prove, which can see that n is nonnegative, cannot see the division because
// opt, an earlier pass, has already replaced it.
// The fix for this issue allows prove to zero a right shift that was added as
// part of the less-than-optimal reqwrite. That change by prove then allows
// lateopt to clean up all the unnecessary parts of the original division
// replacement. See issue #36159.
func divShiftClean(n int) int {
	if n < 0 {
		return n
	}
	return n / int(8) // ERROR "Proved Rsh64x64 shifts to zero"
}

func divShiftClean64(n int64) int64 {
	if n < 0 {
		return n
	}
	return n / int64(16) // ERROR "Proved Rsh64x64 shifts to zero"
}

func divShiftClean32(n int32) int32 {
	if n < 0 {
		return n
	}
	return n / int32(16) // ERROR "Proved Rsh32x64 shifts to zero"
}

func and(p []byte) ([]byte, []byte) { // issue #52563
	const blocksize = 16
	fullBlocks := len(p) &^ (blocksize - 1)
	blk := p[:fullBlocks] // ERROR "Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
	rem := p[fullBlocks:] // ERROR "Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
	return blk, rem
}

func issue51622(b []byte) int {
	if len(b) >= 3 && b[len(b)-3] == '#' { // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
		return len(b)
	}
	return 0
}

func issue45928(x int) {
	combinedFrac := (x) / (x | (1 << 31)) // ERROR "Proved Neq64$"
	useInt(combinedFrac)
}

//go:noinline
func useInt(a int) {
}

//go:noinline
func useSlice(a []int) {
}

func main() {
}