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// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
//go:build goexperiment.exectracer2
// Go execution tracer.
// The tracer captures a wide range of execution events like goroutine
// creation/blocking/unblocking, syscall enter/exit/block, GC-related events,
// changes of heap size, processor start/stop, etc and writes them to a buffer
// in a compact form. A precise nanosecond-precision timestamp and a stack
// trace is captured for most events.
//
// Tracer invariants (to keep the synchronization making sense):
// - An m that has a trace buffer must be on either the allm or sched.freem lists.
// - Any trace buffer mutation must either be happening in traceAdvance or between
// a traceAcquire and a subsequent traceRelease.
// - traceAdvance cannot return until the previous generation's buffers are all flushed.
//
// See https://go.dev/issue/60773 for a link to the full design.
package runtime
import (
"internal/runtime/atomic"
"unsafe"
)
// Trace state.
// trace is global tracing context.
var trace struct {
// trace.lock must only be acquired on the system stack where
// stack splits cannot happen while it is held.
lock mutex
// Trace buffer management.
//
// First we check the empty list for any free buffers. If not, buffers
// are allocated directly from the OS. Once they're filled up and/or
// flushed, they end up on the full queue for trace.gen%2.
//
// The trace reader takes buffers off the full list one-by-one and
// places them into reading until they're finished being read from.
// Then they're placed onto the empty list.
//
// Protected by trace.lock.
reading *traceBuf // buffer currently handed off to user
empty *traceBuf // stack of empty buffers
full [2]traceBufQueue
workAvailable atomic.Bool
// State for the trace reader goroutine.
//
// Protected by trace.lock.
readerGen atomic.Uintptr // the generation the reader is currently reading for
flushedGen atomic.Uintptr // the last completed generation
headerWritten bool // whether ReadTrace has emitted trace header
// doneSema is used to synchronize the reader and traceAdvance. Specifically,
// it notifies traceAdvance that the reader is done with a generation.
// Both semaphores are 0 by default (so, acquires block). traceAdvance
// attempts to acquire for gen%2 after flushing the last buffers for gen.
// Meanwhile the reader releases the sema for gen%2 when it has finished
// processing gen.
doneSema [2]uint32
// Trace data tables for deduplicating data going into the trace.
// There are 2 of each: one for gen%2, one for 1-gen%2.
stackTab [2]traceStackTable // maps stack traces to unique ids
stringTab [2]traceStringTable // maps strings to unique ids
// cpuLogRead accepts CPU profile samples from the signal handler where
// they're generated. There are two profBufs here: one for gen%2, one for
// 1-gen%2. These profBufs use a three-word header to hold the IDs of the P, G,
// and M (respectively) that were active at the time of the sample. Because
// profBuf uses a record with all zeros in its header to indicate overflow,
// we make sure to make the P field always non-zero: The ID of a real P will
// start at bit 1, and bit 0 will be set. Samples that arrive while no P is
// running (such as near syscalls) will set the first header field to 0b10.
// This careful handling of the first header field allows us to store ID of
// the active G directly in the second field, even though that will be 0
// when sampling g0.
//
// Initialization and teardown of these fields is protected by traceAdvanceSema.
cpuLogRead [2]*profBuf
signalLock atomic.Uint32 // protects use of the following member, only usable in signal handlers
cpuLogWrite [2]atomic.Pointer[profBuf] // copy of cpuLogRead for use in signal handlers, set without signalLock
cpuSleep *wakeableSleep
cpuLogDone <-chan struct{}
cpuBuf [2]*traceBuf
reader atomic.Pointer[g] // goroutine that called ReadTrace, or nil
// Fast mappings from enumerations to string IDs that are prepopulated
// in the trace.
markWorkerLabels [2][len(gcMarkWorkerModeStrings)]traceArg
goStopReasons [2][len(traceGoStopReasonStrings)]traceArg
goBlockReasons [2][len(traceBlockReasonStrings)]traceArg
// enabled indicates whether tracing is enabled, but it is only an optimization,
// NOT the source of truth on whether tracing is enabled. Tracing is only truly
// enabled if gen != 0. This is used as an optimistic fast path check.
//
// Transitioning this value from true -> false is easy (once gen is 0)
// because it's OK for enabled to have a stale "true" value. traceAcquire will
// always double-check gen.
//
// Transitioning this value from false -> true is harder. We need to make sure
// this is observable as true strictly before gen != 0. To maintain this invariant
// we only make this transition with the world stopped and use the store to gen
// as a publication barrier.
enabled bool
// Trace generation counter.
gen atomic.Uintptr
lastNonZeroGen uintptr // last non-zero value of gen
// shutdown is set when we are waiting for trace reader to finish after setting gen to 0
//
// Writes protected by trace.lock.
shutdown atomic.Bool
// Number of goroutines in syscall exiting slow path.
exitingSyscall atomic.Int32
// seqGC is the sequence counter for GC begin/end.
//
// Mutated only during stop-the-world.
seqGC uint64
}
// Trace public API.
var (
traceAdvanceSema uint32 = 1
traceShutdownSema uint32 = 1
)
// StartTrace enables tracing for the current process.
// While tracing, the data will be buffered and available via [ReadTrace].
// StartTrace returns an error if tracing is already enabled.
// Most clients should use the [runtime/trace] package or the [testing] package's
// -test.trace flag instead of calling StartTrace directly.
func StartTrace() error {
if traceEnabled() || traceShuttingDown() {
return errorString("tracing is already enabled")
}
// Block until cleanup of the last trace is done.
semacquire(&traceShutdownSema)
semrelease(&traceShutdownSema)
// Hold traceAdvanceSema across trace start, since we'll want it on
// the other side of tracing being enabled globally.
semacquire(&traceAdvanceSema)
// Initialize CPU profile -> trace ingestion.
traceInitReadCPU()
// Compute the first generation for this StartTrace.
//
// Note: we start from the last non-zero generation rather than 1 so we
// can avoid resetting all the arrays indexed by gen%2 or gen%3. There's
// more than one of each per m, p, and goroutine.
firstGen := traceNextGen(trace.lastNonZeroGen)
// Reset GC sequencer.
trace.seqGC = 1
// Reset trace reader state.
trace.headerWritten = false
trace.readerGen.Store(firstGen)
trace.flushedGen.Store(0)
// Register some basic strings in the string tables.
traceRegisterLabelsAndReasons(firstGen)
// Stop the world.
//
// The purpose of stopping the world is to make sure that no goroutine is in a
// context where it could emit an event by bringing all goroutines to a safe point
// with no opportunity to transition.
//
// The exception to this rule are goroutines that are concurrently exiting a syscall.
// Those will all be forced into the syscalling slow path, and we'll just make sure
// that we don't observe any goroutines in that critical section before starting
// the world again.
//
// A good follow-up question to this is why stopping the world is necessary at all
// given that we have traceAcquire and traceRelease. Unfortunately, those only help
// us when tracing is already active (for performance, so when tracing is off the
// tracing seqlock is left untouched). The main issue here is subtle: we're going to
// want to obtain a correct starting status for each goroutine, but there are windows
// of time in which we could read and emit an incorrect status. Specifically:
//
// trace := traceAcquire()
// // <----> problem window
// casgstatus(gp, _Gwaiting, _Grunnable)
// if trace.ok() {
// trace.GoUnpark(gp, 2)
// traceRelease(trace)
// }
//
// More precisely, if we readgstatus for a gp while another goroutine is in the problem
// window and that goroutine didn't observe that tracing had begun, then we might write
// a GoStatus(GoWaiting) event for that goroutine, but it won't trace an event marking
// the transition from GoWaiting to GoRunnable. The trace will then be broken, because
// future events will be emitted assuming the tracer sees GoRunnable.
//
// In short, what we really need here is to make sure that the next time *any goroutine*
// hits a traceAcquire, it sees that the trace is enabled.
//
// Note also that stopping the world is necessary to make sure sweep-related events are
// coherent. Since the world is stopped and sweeps are non-preemptible, we can never start
// the world and see an unpaired sweep 'end' event. Other parts of the tracer rely on this.
stw := stopTheWorld(stwStartTrace)
// Prevent sysmon from running any code that could generate events.
lock(&sched.sysmonlock)
// Reset mSyscallID on all Ps while we have them stationary and the trace is disabled.
for _, pp := range allp {
pp.trace.mSyscallID = -1
}
// Start tracing.
//
// Set trace.enabled. This is *very* subtle. We need to maintain the invariant that if
// trace.gen != 0, then trace.enabled is always observed as true. Simultaneously, for
// performance, we need trace.enabled to be read without any synchronization.
//
// We ensure this is safe by stopping the world, which acts a global barrier on almost
// every M, and explicitly synchronize with any other Ms that could be running concurrently
// with us. Today, there are only two such cases:
// - sysmon, which we synchronized with by acquiring sysmonlock.
// - goroutines exiting syscalls, which we synchronize with via trace.exitingSyscall.
//
// After trace.gen is updated, other Ms may start creating trace buffers and emitting
// data into them.
trace.enabled = true
trace.gen.Store(firstGen)
// Wait for exitingSyscall to drain.
//
// It may not monotonically decrease to zero, but in the limit it will always become
// zero because the world is stopped and there are no available Ps for syscall-exited
// goroutines to run on.
//
// Because we set gen before checking this, and because exitingSyscall is always incremented
// *before* traceAcquire (which checks gen), we can be certain that when exitingSyscall is zero
// that any goroutine that goes to exit a syscall from then on *must* observe the new gen as
// well as trace.enabled being set to true.
//
// The critical section on each goroutine here is going to be quite short, so the likelihood
// that we observe a zero value is high.
for trace.exitingSyscall.Load() != 0 {
osyield()
}
// Record some initial pieces of information.
//
// N.B. This will also emit a status event for this goroutine.
tl := traceAcquire()
tl.Gomaxprocs(gomaxprocs) // Get this as early in the trace as possible. See comment in traceAdvance.
tl.STWStart(stwStartTrace) // We didn't trace this above, so trace it now.
// Record the fact that a GC is active, if applicable.
if gcphase == _GCmark || gcphase == _GCmarktermination {
tl.GCActive()
}
// Record the heap goal so we have it at the very beginning of the trace.
tl.HeapGoal()
// Make sure a ProcStatus is emitted for every P, while we're here.
for _, pp := range allp {
tl.writer().writeProcStatusForP(pp, pp == tl.mp.p.ptr()).end()
}
traceRelease(tl)
unlock(&sched.sysmonlock)
startTheWorld(stw)
traceStartReadCPU()
traceAdvancer.start()
semrelease(&traceAdvanceSema)
return nil
}
// StopTrace stops tracing, if it was previously enabled.
// StopTrace only returns after all the reads for the trace have completed.
func StopTrace() {
traceAdvance(true)
}
// traceAdvance moves tracing to the next generation, and cleans up the current generation,
// ensuring that it's flushed out before returning. If stopTrace is true, it disables tracing
// altogether instead of advancing to the next generation.
//
// traceAdvanceSema must not be held.
func traceAdvance(stopTrace bool) {
semacquire(&traceAdvanceSema)
// Get the gen that we're advancing from. In this function we don't really care much
// about the generation we're advancing _into_ since we'll do all the cleanup in this
// generation for the next advancement.
gen := trace.gen.Load()
if gen == 0 {
// We may end up here traceAdvance is called concurrently with StopTrace.
semrelease(&traceAdvanceSema)
return
}
// Write an EvFrequency event for this generation.
//
// N.B. This may block for quite a while to get a good frequency estimate, so make sure we do
// this here and not e.g. on the trace reader.
traceFrequency(gen)
// Collect all the untraced Gs.
type untracedG struct {
gp *g
goid uint64
mid int64
stackID uint64
status uint32
waitreason waitReason
inMarkAssist bool
}
var untracedGs []untracedG
forEachGRace(func(gp *g) {
// Make absolutely sure all Gs are ready for the next
// generation. We need to do this even for dead Gs because
// they may come alive with a new identity, and its status
// traced bookkeeping might end up being stale.
// We may miss totally new goroutines, but they'll always
// have clean bookkeeping.
gp.trace.readyNextGen(gen)
// If the status was traced, nothing else to do.
if gp.trace.statusWasTraced(gen) {
return
}
// Scribble down information about this goroutine.
ug := untracedG{gp: gp, mid: -1}
systemstack(func() {
me := getg().m.curg
// We don't have to handle this G status transition because we
// already eliminated ourselves from consideration above.
casGToWaitingForGC(me, _Grunning, waitReasonTraceGoroutineStatus)
// We need to suspend and take ownership of the G to safely read its
// goid. Note that we can't actually emit the event at this point
// because we might stop the G in a window where it's unsafe to write
// events based on the G's status. We need the global trace buffer flush
// coming up to make sure we're not racing with the G.
//
// It should be very unlikely that we try to preempt a running G here.
// The only situation that we might is that we're racing with a G
// that's running for the first time in this generation. Therefore,
// this should be relatively fast.
s := suspendG(gp)
if !s.dead {
ug.goid = s.g.goid
if s.g.m != nil {
ug.mid = int64(s.g.m.procid)
}
ug.status = readgstatus(s.g) &^ _Gscan
ug.waitreason = s.g.waitreason
ug.inMarkAssist = s.g.inMarkAssist
ug.stackID = traceStack(0, gp, gen)
}
resumeG(s)
casgstatus(me, _Gwaiting, _Grunning)
})
if ug.goid != 0 {
untracedGs = append(untracedGs, ug)
}
})
if !stopTrace {
// Re-register runtime goroutine labels and stop/block reasons.
traceRegisterLabelsAndReasons(traceNextGen(gen))
}
// Now that we've done some of the heavy stuff, prevent the world from stopping.
// This is necessary to ensure the consistency of the STW events. If we're feeling
// adventurous we could lift this restriction and add a STWActive event, but the
// cost of maintaining this consistency is low. We're not going to hold this semaphore
// for very long and most STW periods are very short.
// Once we hold worldsema, prevent preemption as well so we're not interrupted partway
// through this. We want to get this done as soon as possible.
semacquire(&worldsema)
mp := acquirem()
// Advance the generation or stop the trace.
trace.lastNonZeroGen = gen
if stopTrace {
systemstack(func() {
// Ordering is important here. Set shutdown first, then disable tracing,
// so that conditions like (traceEnabled() || traceShuttingDown()) have
// no opportunity to be false. Hold the trace lock so this update appears
// atomic to the trace reader.
lock(&trace.lock)
trace.shutdown.Store(true)
trace.gen.Store(0)
unlock(&trace.lock)
// Clear trace.enabled. It is totally OK for this value to be stale,
// because traceAcquire will always double-check gen.
trace.enabled = false
})
} else {
trace.gen.Store(traceNextGen(gen))
}
// Emit a ProcsChange event so we have one on record for each generation.
// Let's emit it as soon as possible so that downstream tools can rely on the value
// being there fairly soon in a generation.
//
// It's important that we do this before allowing stop-the-worlds again,
// because the procs count could change.
if !stopTrace {
tl := traceAcquire()
tl.Gomaxprocs(gomaxprocs)
traceRelease(tl)
}
// Emit a GCActive event in the new generation if necessary.
//
// It's important that we do this before allowing stop-the-worlds again,
// because that could emit global GC-related events.
if !stopTrace && (gcphase == _GCmark || gcphase == _GCmarktermination) {
tl := traceAcquire()
tl.GCActive()
traceRelease(tl)
}
// Preemption is OK again after this. If the world stops or whatever it's fine.
// We're just cleaning up the last generation after this point.
//
// We also don't care if the GC starts again after this for the same reasons.
releasem(mp)
semrelease(&worldsema)
// Snapshot allm and freem.
//
// Snapshotting after the generation counter update is sufficient.
// Because an m must be on either allm or sched.freem if it has an active trace
// buffer, new threads added to allm after this point must necessarily observe
// the new generation number (sched.lock acts as a barrier).
//
// Threads that exit before this point and are on neither list explicitly
// flush their own buffers in traceThreadDestroy.
//
// Snapshotting freem is necessary because Ms can continue to emit events
// while they're still on that list. Removal from sched.freem is serialized with
// this snapshot, so either we'll capture an m on sched.freem and race with
// the removal to flush its buffers (resolved by traceThreadDestroy acquiring
// the thread's seqlock, which one of us must win, so at least its old gen buffer
// will be flushed in time for the new generation) or it will have flushed its
// buffers before we snapshotted it to begin with.
lock(&sched.lock)
mToFlush := allm
for mp := mToFlush; mp != nil; mp = mp.alllink {
mp.trace.link = mp.alllink
}
for mp := sched.freem; mp != nil; mp = mp.freelink {
mp.trace.link = mToFlush
mToFlush = mp
}
unlock(&sched.lock)
// Iterate over our snapshot, flushing every buffer until we're done.
//
// Because trace writers read the generation while the seqlock is
// held, we can be certain that when there are no writers there are
// also no stale generation values left. Therefore, it's safe to flush
// any buffers that remain in that generation's slot.
const debugDeadlock = false
systemstack(func() {
// Track iterations for some rudimentary deadlock detection.
i := 0
detectedDeadlock := false
for mToFlush != nil {
prev := &mToFlush
for mp := *prev; mp != nil; {
if mp.trace.seqlock.Load()%2 != 0 {
// The M is writing. Come back to it later.
prev = &mp.trace.link
mp = mp.trace.link
continue
}
// Flush the trace buffer.
//
// trace.lock needed for traceBufFlush, but also to synchronize
// with traceThreadDestroy, which flushes both buffers unconditionally.
lock(&trace.lock)
bufp := &mp.trace.buf[gen%2]
if *bufp != nil {
traceBufFlush(*bufp, gen)
*bufp = nil
}
unlock(&trace.lock)
// Remove the m from the flush list.
*prev = mp.trace.link
mp.trace.link = nil
mp = *prev
}
// Yield only if we're going to be going around the loop again.
if mToFlush != nil {
osyield()
}
if debugDeadlock {
// Try to detect a deadlock. We probably shouldn't loop here
// this many times.
if i > 100000 && !detectedDeadlock {
detectedDeadlock = true
println("runtime: failing to flush")
for mp := mToFlush; mp != nil; mp = mp.trace.link {
print("runtime: m=", mp.id, "\n")
}
}
i++
}
}
})
// At this point, the old generation is fully flushed minus stack and string
// tables, CPU samples, and goroutines that haven't run at all during the last
// generation.
// Check to see if any Gs still haven't had events written out for them.
statusWriter := unsafeTraceWriter(gen, nil)
for _, ug := range untracedGs {
if ug.gp.trace.statusWasTraced(gen) {
// It was traced, we don't need to do anything.
continue
}
// It still wasn't traced. Because we ensured all Ms stopped writing trace
// events to the last generation, that must mean the G never had its status
// traced in gen between when we recorded it and now. If that's true, the goid
// and status we recorded then is exactly what we want right now.
status := goStatusToTraceGoStatus(ug.status, ug.waitreason)
statusWriter = statusWriter.writeGoStatus(ug.goid, ug.mid, status, ug.inMarkAssist, ug.stackID)
}
statusWriter.flush().end()
// Read everything out of the last gen's CPU profile buffer.
traceReadCPU(gen)
systemstack(func() {
// Flush CPU samples, stacks, and strings for the last generation. This is safe,
// because we're now certain no M is writing to the last generation.
//
// Ordering is important here. traceCPUFlush may generate new stacks and dumping
// stacks may generate new strings.
traceCPUFlush(gen)
trace.stackTab[gen%2].dump(gen)
trace.stringTab[gen%2].reset(gen)
// That's it. This generation is done producing buffers.
lock(&trace.lock)
trace.flushedGen.Store(gen)
unlock(&trace.lock)
})
// Perform status reset on dead Ps because they just appear as idle.
//
// Preventing preemption is sufficient to access allp safely. allp is only
// mutated by GOMAXPROCS calls, which require a STW.
//
// TODO(mknyszek): Consider explicitly emitting ProcCreate and ProcDestroy
// events to indicate whether a P exists, rather than just making its
// existence implicit.
mp = acquirem()
for _, pp := range allp[len(allp):cap(allp)] {
pp.trace.readyNextGen(traceNextGen(gen))
}
releasem(mp)
if stopTrace {
// Acquire the shutdown sema to begin the shutdown process.
semacquire(&traceShutdownSema)
// Finish off CPU profile reading.
traceStopReadCPU()
} else {
// Go over each P and emit a status event for it if necessary.
//
// We do this at the beginning of the new generation instead of the
// end like we do for goroutines because forEachP doesn't give us a
// hook to skip Ps that have already been traced. Since we have to
// preempt all Ps anyway, might as well stay consistent with StartTrace
// which does this during the STW.
semacquire(&worldsema)
forEachP(waitReasonTraceProcStatus, func(pp *p) {
tl := traceAcquire()
if !pp.trace.statusWasTraced(tl.gen) {
tl.writer().writeProcStatusForP(pp, false).end()
}
traceRelease(tl)
})
semrelease(&worldsema)
}
// Block until the trace reader has finished processing the last generation.
semacquire(&trace.doneSema[gen%2])
if raceenabled {
raceacquire(unsafe.Pointer(&trace.doneSema[gen%2]))
}
// Double-check that things look as we expect after advancing and perform some
// final cleanup if the trace has fully stopped.
systemstack(func() {
lock(&trace.lock)
if !trace.full[gen%2].empty() {
throw("trace: non-empty full trace buffer for done generation")
}
if stopTrace {
if !trace.full[1-(gen%2)].empty() {
throw("trace: non-empty full trace buffer for next generation")
}
if trace.reading != nil || trace.reader.Load() != nil {
throw("trace: reading after shutdown")
}
// Free all the empty buffers.
for trace.empty != nil {
buf := trace.empty
trace.empty = buf.link
sysFree(unsafe.Pointer(buf), unsafe.Sizeof(*buf), &memstats.other_sys)
}
// Clear trace.shutdown and other flags.
trace.headerWritten = false
trace.shutdown.Store(false)
}
unlock(&trace.lock)
})
if stopTrace {
// Clear the sweep state on every P for the next time tracing is enabled.
//
// It may be stale in the next trace because we may have ended tracing in
// the middle of a sweep on a P.
//
// It's fine not to call forEachP here because tracing is disabled and we
// know at this point that nothing is calling into the tracer, but we do
// need to look at dead Ps too just because GOMAXPROCS could have been called
// at any point since we stopped tracing, and we have to ensure there's no
// bad state on dead Ps too. Prevent a STW and a concurrent GOMAXPROCS that
// might mutate allp by making ourselves briefly non-preemptible.
mp := acquirem()
for _, pp := range allp[:cap(allp)] {
pp.trace.inSweep = false
pp.trace.maySweep = false
pp.trace.swept = 0
pp.trace.reclaimed = 0
}
releasem(mp)
}
// Release the advance semaphore. If stopTrace is true we're still holding onto
// traceShutdownSema.
//
// Do a direct handoff. Don't let one caller of traceAdvance starve
// other calls to traceAdvance.
semrelease1(&traceAdvanceSema, true, 0)
if stopTrace {
// Stop the traceAdvancer. We can't be holding traceAdvanceSema here because
// we'll deadlock (we're blocked on the advancer goroutine exiting, but it
// may be currently trying to acquire traceAdvanceSema).
traceAdvancer.stop()
semrelease(&traceShutdownSema)
}
}
func traceNextGen(gen uintptr) uintptr {
if gen == ^uintptr(0) {
// gen is used both %2 and %3 and we want both patterns to continue when we loop around.
// ^uint32(0) and ^uint64(0) are both odd and multiples of 3. Therefore the next generation
// we want is even and one more than a multiple of 3. The smallest such number is 4.
return 4
}
return gen + 1
}
// traceRegisterLabelsAndReasons re-registers mark worker labels and
// goroutine stop/block reasons in the string table for the provided
// generation. Note: the provided generation must not have started yet.
func traceRegisterLabelsAndReasons(gen uintptr) {
for i, label := range gcMarkWorkerModeStrings[:] {
trace.markWorkerLabels[gen%2][i] = traceArg(trace.stringTab[gen%2].put(gen, label))
}
for i, str := range traceBlockReasonStrings[:] {
trace.goBlockReasons[gen%2][i] = traceArg(trace.stringTab[gen%2].put(gen, str))
}
for i, str := range traceGoStopReasonStrings[:] {
trace.goStopReasons[gen%2][i] = traceArg(trace.stringTab[gen%2].put(gen, str))
}
}
// ReadTrace returns the next chunk of binary tracing data, blocking until data
// is available. If tracing is turned off and all the data accumulated while it
// was on has been returned, ReadTrace returns nil. The caller must copy the
// returned data before calling ReadTrace again.
// ReadTrace must be called from one goroutine at a time.
func ReadTrace() []byte {
top:
var buf []byte
var park bool
systemstack(func() {
buf, park = readTrace0()
})
if park {
gopark(func(gp *g, _ unsafe.Pointer) bool {
if !trace.reader.CompareAndSwapNoWB(nil, gp) {
// We're racing with another reader.
// Wake up and handle this case.
return false
}
if g2 := traceReader(); gp == g2 {
// New data arrived between unlocking
// and the CAS and we won the wake-up
// race, so wake up directly.
return false
} else if g2 != nil {
printlock()
println("runtime: got trace reader", g2, g2.goid)
throw("unexpected trace reader")
}
return true
}, nil, waitReasonTraceReaderBlocked, traceBlockSystemGoroutine, 2)
goto top
}
return buf
}
// readTrace0 is ReadTrace's continuation on g0. This must run on the
// system stack because it acquires trace.lock.
//
//go:systemstack
func readTrace0() (buf []byte, park bool) {
if raceenabled {
// g0 doesn't have a race context. Borrow the user G's.
if getg().racectx != 0 {
throw("expected racectx == 0")
}
getg().racectx = getg().m.curg.racectx
// (This defer should get open-coded, which is safe on
// the system stack.)
defer func() { getg().racectx = 0 }()
}
// This function must not allocate while holding trace.lock:
// allocation can call heap allocate, which will try to emit a trace
// event while holding heap lock.
lock(&trace.lock)
if trace.reader.Load() != nil {
// More than one goroutine reads trace. This is bad.
// But we rather do not crash the program because of tracing,
// because tracing can be enabled at runtime on prod servers.
unlock(&trace.lock)
println("runtime: ReadTrace called from multiple goroutines simultaneously")
return nil, false
}
// Recycle the old buffer.
if buf := trace.reading; buf != nil {
buf.link = trace.empty
trace.empty = buf
trace.reading = nil
}
// Write trace header.
if !trace.headerWritten {
trace.headerWritten = true
unlock(&trace.lock)
return []byte("go 1.23 trace\x00\x00\x00"), false
}
// Read the next buffer.
if trace.readerGen.Load() == 0 {
trace.readerGen.Store(1)
}
var gen uintptr
for {
assertLockHeld(&trace.lock)
gen = trace.readerGen.Load()
// Check to see if we need to block for more data in this generation
// or if we need to move our generation forward.
if !trace.full[gen%2].empty() {
break
}
// Most of the time readerGen is one generation ahead of flushedGen, as the
// current generation is being read from. Then, once the last buffer is flushed
// into readerGen, flushedGen will rise to meet it. At this point, the tracer
// is waiting on the reader to finish flushing the last generation so that it
// can continue to advance.
if trace.flushedGen.Load() == gen {
if trace.shutdown.Load() {
unlock(&trace.lock)
// Wake up anyone waiting for us to be done with this generation.
//
// Do this after reading trace.shutdown, because the thread we're
// waking up is going to clear trace.shutdown.
if raceenabled {
// Model synchronization on trace.doneSema, which te race
// detector does not see. This is required to avoid false
// race reports on writer passed to trace.Start.
racerelease(unsafe.Pointer(&trace.doneSema[gen%2]))
}
semrelease(&trace.doneSema[gen%2])
// We're shutting down, and the last generation is fully
// read. We're done.
return nil, false
}
// The previous gen has had all of its buffers flushed, and
// there's nothing else for us to read. Advance the generation
// we're reading from and try again.
trace.readerGen.Store(trace.gen.Load())
unlock(&trace.lock)
// Wake up anyone waiting for us to be done with this generation.
//
// Do this after reading gen to make sure we can't have the trace
// advance until we've read it.
if raceenabled {
// See comment above in the shutdown case.
racerelease(unsafe.Pointer(&trace.doneSema[gen%2]))
}
semrelease(&trace.doneSema[gen%2])
// Reacquire the lock and go back to the top of the loop.
lock(&trace.lock)
continue
}
// Wait for new data.
//
// We don't simply use a note because the scheduler
// executes this goroutine directly when it wakes up
// (also a note would consume an M).
//
// Before we drop the lock, clear the workAvailable flag. Work can
// only be queued with trace.lock held, so this is at least true until
// we drop the lock.
trace.workAvailable.Store(false)
unlock(&trace.lock)
return nil, true
}
// Pull a buffer.
tbuf := trace.full[gen%2].pop()
trace.reading = tbuf
unlock(&trace.lock)
return tbuf.arr[:tbuf.pos], false
}
// traceReader returns the trace reader that should be woken up, if any.
// Callers should first check (traceEnabled() || traceShuttingDown()).
//
// This must run on the system stack because it acquires trace.lock.
//
//go:systemstack
func traceReader() *g {
gp := traceReaderAvailable()
if gp == nil || !trace.reader.CompareAndSwapNoWB(gp, nil) {
return nil
}
return gp
}
// traceReaderAvailable returns the trace reader if it is not currently
// scheduled and should be. Callers should first check that
// (traceEnabled() || traceShuttingDown()) is true.
func traceReaderAvailable() *g {
// There are three conditions under which we definitely want to schedule
// the reader:
// - The reader is lagging behind in finishing off the last generation.
// In this case, trace buffers could even be empty, but the trace
// advancer will be waiting on the reader, so we have to make sure
// to schedule the reader ASAP.
// - The reader has pending work to process for it's reader generation
// (assuming readerGen is not lagging behind). Note that we also want
// to be careful *not* to schedule the reader if there's no work to do.
// - The trace is shutting down. The trace stopper blocks on the reader
// to finish, much like trace advancement.
//
// We also want to be careful not to schedule the reader if there's no
// reason to.
if trace.flushedGen.Load() == trace.readerGen.Load() || trace.workAvailable.Load() || trace.shutdown.Load() {
return trace.reader.Load()
}
return nil
}
// Trace advancer goroutine.
var traceAdvancer traceAdvancerState
type traceAdvancerState struct {
timer *wakeableSleep
done chan struct{}
}
// start starts a new traceAdvancer.
func (s *traceAdvancerState) start() {
// Start a goroutine to periodically advance the trace generation.
s.done = make(chan struct{})
s.timer = newWakeableSleep()
go func() {
for traceEnabled() {
// Set a timer to wake us up
s.timer.sleep(int64(debug.traceadvanceperiod))
// Try to advance the trace.
traceAdvance(false)
}
s.done <- struct{}{}
}()
}
// stop stops a traceAdvancer and blocks until it exits.
func (s *traceAdvancerState) stop() {
s.timer.wake()
<-s.done
close(s.done)
s.timer.close()
}
// traceAdvancePeriod is the approximate period between
// new generations.
const defaultTraceAdvancePeriod = 1e9 // 1 second.
// wakeableSleep manages a wakeable goroutine sleep.
//
// Users of this type must call init before first use and
// close to free up resources. Once close is called, init
// must be called before another use.
type wakeableSleep struct {
timer *timer
// lock protects access to wakeup, but not send/recv on it.
lock mutex
wakeup chan struct{}
}
// newWakeableSleep initializes a new wakeableSleep and returns it.
func newWakeableSleep() *wakeableSleep {
s := new(wakeableSleep)
lockInit(&s.lock, lockRankWakeableSleep)
s.wakeup = make(chan struct{}, 1)
s.timer = new(timer)
f := func(s any, _ uintptr, _ int64) {
s.(*wakeableSleep).wake()
}
s.timer.init(f, s)
return s
}
// sleep sleeps for the provided duration in nanoseconds or until
// another goroutine calls wake.
//
// Must not be called by more than one goroutine at a time and
// must not be called concurrently with close.
func (s *wakeableSleep) sleep(ns int64) {
s.timer.reset(nanotime()+ns, 0)
lock(&s.lock)
if raceenabled {
raceacquire(unsafe.Pointer(&s.lock))
}
wakeup := s.wakeup
if raceenabled {
racerelease(unsafe.Pointer(&s.lock))
}
unlock(&s.lock)
<-wakeup
s.timer.stop()
}
// wake awakens any goroutine sleeping on the timer.
//
// Safe for concurrent use with all other methods.
func (s *wakeableSleep) wake() {
// Grab the wakeup channel, which may be nil if we're
// racing with close.
lock(&s.lock)
if raceenabled {
raceacquire(unsafe.Pointer(&s.lock))
}
if s.wakeup != nil {
// Non-blocking send.
//
// Others may also write to this channel and we don't
// want to block on the receiver waking up. This also
// effectively batches together wakeup notifications.
select {
case s.wakeup <- struct{}{}:
default:
}
}
if raceenabled {
racerelease(unsafe.Pointer(&s.lock))
}
unlock(&s.lock)
}
// close wakes any goroutine sleeping on the timer and prevents
// further sleeping on it.
//
// Once close is called, the wakeableSleep must no longer be used.
//
// It must only be called once no goroutine is sleeping on the
// timer *and* nothing else will call wake concurrently.
func (s *wakeableSleep) close() {
// Set wakeup to nil so that a late timer ends up being a no-op.
lock(&s.lock)
if raceenabled {
raceacquire(unsafe.Pointer(&s.lock))
}
wakeup := s.wakeup
s.wakeup = nil
// Close the channel.
close(wakeup)
if raceenabled {
racerelease(unsafe.Pointer(&s.lock))
}
unlock(&s.lock)
return
}