| // Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. |
| // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style |
| // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. |
| |
| //go:build linux |
| |
| package syscall_test |
| |
| import ( |
| "flag" |
| "fmt" |
| "internal/testenv" |
| "io" |
| "os" |
| "os/exec" |
| "os/user" |
| "path/filepath" |
| "runtime" |
| "strconv" |
| "strings" |
| "syscall" |
| "testing" |
| "unsafe" |
| ) |
| |
| func isDocker() bool { |
| _, err := os.Stat("/.dockerenv") |
| return err == nil |
| } |
| |
| func isLXC() bool { |
| return os.Getenv("container") == "lxc" |
| } |
| |
| func skipInContainer(t *testing.T) { |
| // TODO: the callers of this func are using this func to skip |
| // tests when running as some sort of "fake root" that's uid 0 |
| // but lacks certain Linux capabilities. Most of the Go builds |
| // run in privileged containers, though, where root is much |
| // closer (if not identical) to the real root. We should test |
| // for what we need exactly (which capabilities are active?), |
| // instead of just assuming "docker == bad". Then we'd get more test |
| // coverage on a bunch of builders too. |
| if isDocker() { |
| t.Skip("skip this test in Docker container") |
| } |
| if isLXC() { |
| t.Skip("skip this test in LXC container") |
| } |
| } |
| |
| func skipNoUserNamespaces(t *testing.T) { |
| if _, err := os.Stat("/proc/self/ns/user"); err != nil { |
| if os.IsNotExist(err) { |
| t.Skip("kernel doesn't support user namespaces") |
| } |
| if os.IsPermission(err) { |
| t.Skip("unable to test user namespaces due to permissions") |
| } |
| t.Fatalf("Failed to stat /proc/self/ns/user: %v", err) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| func skipUnprivilegedUserClone(t *testing.T) { |
| // Skip the test if the sysctl that prevents unprivileged user |
| // from creating user namespaces is enabled. |
| data, errRead := os.ReadFile("/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone") |
| if errRead != nil || len(data) < 1 || data[0] == '0' { |
| t.Skip("kernel prohibits user namespace in unprivileged process") |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Check if we are in a chroot by checking if the inode of / is |
| // different from 2 (there is no better test available to non-root on |
| // linux). |
| func isChrooted(t *testing.T) bool { |
| root, err := os.Stat("/") |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("cannot stat /: %v", err) |
| } |
| return root.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Ino != 2 |
| } |
| |
| func checkUserNS(t *testing.T) { |
| skipInContainer(t) |
| skipNoUserNamespaces(t) |
| if isChrooted(t) { |
| // create_user_ns in the kernel (see |
| // https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/kernel/user_namespace.c) |
| // forbids the creation of user namespaces when chrooted. |
| t.Skip("cannot create user namespaces when chrooted") |
| } |
| // On some systems, there is a sysctl setting. |
| if os.Getuid() != 0 { |
| skipUnprivilegedUserClone(t) |
| } |
| // On Centos 7 make sure they set the kernel parameter user_namespace=1 |
| // See issue 16283 and 20796. |
| if _, err := os.Stat("/sys/module/user_namespace/parameters/enable"); err == nil { |
| buf, _ := os.ReadFile("/sys/module/user_namespace/parameters/enabled") |
| if !strings.HasPrefix(string(buf), "Y") { |
| t.Skip("kernel doesn't support user namespaces") |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // On Centos 7.5+, user namespaces are disabled if user.max_user_namespaces = 0 |
| if _, err := os.Stat("/proc/sys/user/max_user_namespaces"); err == nil { |
| buf, errRead := os.ReadFile("/proc/sys/user/max_user_namespaces") |
| if errRead == nil && buf[0] == '0' { |
| t.Skip("kernel doesn't support user namespaces") |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| func whoamiCmd(t *testing.T, uid, gid int, setgroups bool) *exec.Cmd { |
| checkUserNS(t) |
| cmd := exec.Command("whoami") |
| cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{ |
| Cloneflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER, |
| UidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{ |
| {ContainerID: 0, HostID: uid, Size: 1}, |
| }, |
| GidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{ |
| {ContainerID: 0, HostID: gid, Size: 1}, |
| }, |
| GidMappingsEnableSetgroups: setgroups, |
| } |
| return cmd |
| } |
| |
| func testNEWUSERRemap(t *testing.T, uid, gid int, setgroups bool) { |
| cmd := whoamiCmd(t, uid, gid, setgroups) |
| out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput() |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("Cmd failed with err %v, output: %s", err, out) |
| } |
| sout := strings.TrimSpace(string(out)) |
| want := "root" |
| if sout != want { |
| t.Fatalf("whoami = %q; want %q", out, want) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| func TestCloneNEWUSERAndRemapRootDisableSetgroups(t *testing.T) { |
| if os.Getuid() != 0 { |
| t.Skip("skipping root only test") |
| } |
| testNEWUSERRemap(t, 0, 0, false) |
| } |
| |
| func TestCloneNEWUSERAndRemapRootEnableSetgroups(t *testing.T) { |
| if os.Getuid() != 0 { |
| t.Skip("skipping root only test") |
| } |
| testNEWUSERRemap(t, 0, 0, true) |
| } |
| |
| func TestCloneNEWUSERAndRemapNoRootDisableSetgroups(t *testing.T) { |
| if os.Getuid() == 0 { |
| t.Skip("skipping unprivileged user only test") |
| } |
| testNEWUSERRemap(t, os.Getuid(), os.Getgid(), false) |
| } |
| |
| func TestCloneNEWUSERAndRemapNoRootSetgroupsEnableSetgroups(t *testing.T) { |
| if os.Getuid() == 0 { |
| t.Skip("skipping unprivileged user only test") |
| } |
| cmd := whoamiCmd(t, os.Getuid(), os.Getgid(), true) |
| err := cmd.Run() |
| if err == nil { |
| t.Skip("probably old kernel without security fix") |
| } |
| if !os.IsPermission(err) { |
| t.Fatalf("Unprivileged gid_map rewriting with GidMappingsEnableSetgroups must fail") |
| } |
| } |
| |
| func TestEmptyCredGroupsDisableSetgroups(t *testing.T) { |
| cmd := whoamiCmd(t, os.Getuid(), os.Getgid(), false) |
| cmd.SysProcAttr.Credential = &syscall.Credential{} |
| if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| func TestUnshare(t *testing.T) { |
| skipInContainer(t) |
| // Make sure we are running as root so we have permissions to use unshare |
| // and create a network namespace. |
| if os.Getuid() != 0 { |
| t.Skip("kernel prohibits unshare in unprivileged process, unless using user namespace") |
| } |
| |
| path := "/proc/net/dev" |
| if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil { |
| if os.IsNotExist(err) { |
| t.Skip("kernel doesn't support proc filesystem") |
| } |
| if os.IsPermission(err) { |
| t.Skip("unable to test proc filesystem due to permissions") |
| } |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| if _, err := os.Stat("/proc/self/ns/net"); err != nil { |
| if os.IsNotExist(err) { |
| t.Skip("kernel doesn't support net namespace") |
| } |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| |
| orig, err := os.ReadFile(path) |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| origLines := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(string(orig)), "\n") |
| |
| cmd := exec.Command("cat", path) |
| cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{ |
| Unshareflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWNET, |
| } |
| out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput() |
| if err != nil { |
| if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "operation not permitted") { |
| // Issue 17206: despite all the checks above, |
| // this still reportedly fails for some users. |
| // (older kernels?). Just skip. |
| t.Skip("skipping due to permission error") |
| } |
| t.Fatalf("Cmd failed with err %v, output: %s", err, out) |
| } |
| |
| // Check there is only the local network interface |
| sout := strings.TrimSpace(string(out)) |
| if !strings.Contains(sout, "lo:") { |
| t.Fatalf("Expected lo network interface to exist, got %s", sout) |
| } |
| |
| lines := strings.Split(sout, "\n") |
| if len(lines) >= len(origLines) { |
| t.Fatalf("Got %d lines of output, want <%d", len(lines), len(origLines)) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| func TestGroupCleanup(t *testing.T) { |
| if os.Getuid() != 0 { |
| t.Skip("we need root for credential") |
| } |
| cmd := exec.Command("id") |
| cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{ |
| Credential: &syscall.Credential{ |
| Uid: 0, |
| Gid: 0, |
| }, |
| } |
| out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput() |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("Cmd failed with err %v, output: %s", err, out) |
| } |
| strOut := strings.TrimSpace(string(out)) |
| expected := "uid=0(root) gid=0(root)" |
| // Just check prefix because some distros reportedly output a |
| // context parameter; see https://golang.org/issue/16224. |
| // Alpine does not output groups; see https://golang.org/issue/19938. |
| if !strings.HasPrefix(strOut, expected) { |
| t.Errorf("id command output: %q, expected prefix: %q", strOut, expected) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| func TestGroupCleanupUserNamespace(t *testing.T) { |
| if os.Getuid() != 0 { |
| t.Skip("we need root for credential") |
| } |
| checkUserNS(t) |
| cmd := exec.Command("id") |
| uid, gid := os.Getuid(), os.Getgid() |
| cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{ |
| Cloneflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER, |
| Credential: &syscall.Credential{ |
| Uid: uint32(uid), |
| Gid: uint32(gid), |
| }, |
| UidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{ |
| {ContainerID: 0, HostID: uid, Size: 1}, |
| }, |
| GidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{ |
| {ContainerID: 0, HostID: gid, Size: 1}, |
| }, |
| } |
| out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput() |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("Cmd failed with err %v, output: %s", err, out) |
| } |
| strOut := strings.TrimSpace(string(out)) |
| |
| // Strings we've seen in the wild. |
| expected := []string{ |
| "uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)", |
| "uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),65534(nobody)", |
| "uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),65534(nogroup)", |
| "uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),65534", |
| "uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),65534(nobody),65534(nobody),65534(nobody),65534(nobody),65534(nobody),65534(nobody),65534(nobody),65534(nobody),65534(nobody),65534(nobody)", // Alpine; see https://golang.org/issue/19938 |
| "uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023", // CentOS with SELinux context, see https://golang.org/issue/34547 |
| "uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),65534(nobody) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023", // Fedora with SElinux context, see https://golang.org/issue/46752 |
| } |
| for _, e := range expected { |
| if strOut == e { |
| return |
| } |
| } |
| t.Errorf("id command output: %q, expected one of %q", strOut, expected) |
| } |
| |
| // TestUnshareHelperProcess isn't a real test. It's used as a helper process |
| // for TestUnshareMountNameSpace. |
| func TestUnshareMountNameSpaceHelper(*testing.T) { |
| if os.Getenv("GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS") != "1" { |
| return |
| } |
| defer os.Exit(0) |
| if err := syscall.Mount("none", flag.Args()[0], "proc", 0, ""); err != nil { |
| fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "unshare: mount %v failed: %v", os.Args, err) |
| os.Exit(2) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Test for Issue 38471: unshare fails because systemd has forced / to be shared |
| func TestUnshareMountNameSpace(t *testing.T) { |
| skipInContainer(t) |
| // Make sure we are running as root so we have permissions to use unshare |
| // and create a network namespace. |
| if os.Getuid() != 0 { |
| t.Skip("kernel prohibits unshare in unprivileged process, unless using user namespace") |
| } |
| |
| d, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "unshare") |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("tempdir: %v", err) |
| } |
| |
| cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestUnshareMountNameSpaceHelper", d) |
| cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS=1") |
| cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Unshareflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWNS} |
| |
| o, err := cmd.CombinedOutput() |
| if err != nil { |
| if strings.Contains(err.Error(), ": permission denied") { |
| t.Skipf("Skipping test (golang.org/issue/19698); unshare failed due to permissions: %s, %v", o, err) |
| } |
| t.Fatalf("unshare failed: %s, %v", o, err) |
| } |
| |
| // How do we tell if the namespace was really unshared? It turns out |
| // to be simple: just try to remove the directory. If it's still mounted |
| // on the rm will fail with EBUSY. Then we have some cleanup to do: |
| // we must unmount it, then try to remove it again. |
| |
| if err := os.Remove(d); err != nil { |
| t.Errorf("rmdir failed on %v: %v", d, err) |
| if err := syscall.Unmount(d, syscall.MNT_FORCE); err != nil { |
| t.Errorf("Can't unmount %v: %v", d, err) |
| } |
| if err := os.Remove(d); err != nil { |
| t.Errorf("rmdir after unmount failed on %v: %v", d, err) |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Test for Issue 20103: unshare fails when chroot is used |
| func TestUnshareMountNameSpaceChroot(t *testing.T) { |
| skipInContainer(t) |
| // Make sure we are running as root so we have permissions to use unshare |
| // and create a network namespace. |
| if os.Getuid() != 0 { |
| t.Skip("kernel prohibits unshare in unprivileged process, unless using user namespace") |
| } |
| |
| d, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "unshare") |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("tempdir: %v", err) |
| } |
| |
| // Since we are doing a chroot, we need the binary there, |
| // and it must be statically linked. |
| x := filepath.Join(d, "syscall.test") |
| cmd := exec.Command(testenv.GoToolPath(t), "test", "-c", "-o", x, "syscall") |
| cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "CGO_ENABLED=0") |
| if o, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("Build of syscall in chroot failed, output %v, err %v", o, err) |
| } |
| |
| cmd = exec.Command("/syscall.test", "-test.run=TestUnshareMountNameSpaceHelper", "/") |
| cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS=1") |
| cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Chroot: d, Unshareflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWNS} |
| |
| o, err := cmd.CombinedOutput() |
| if err != nil { |
| if strings.Contains(err.Error(), ": permission denied") { |
| t.Skipf("Skipping test (golang.org/issue/19698); unshare failed due to permissions: %s, %v", o, err) |
| } |
| t.Fatalf("unshare failed: %s, %v", o, err) |
| } |
| |
| // How do we tell if the namespace was really unshared? It turns out |
| // to be simple: just try to remove the executable. If it's still mounted |
| // on, the rm will fail. Then we have some cleanup to do: |
| // we must force unmount it, then try to remove it again. |
| |
| if err := os.Remove(x); err != nil { |
| t.Errorf("rm failed on %v: %v", x, err) |
| if err := syscall.Unmount(d, syscall.MNT_FORCE); err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("Can't unmount %v: %v", d, err) |
| } |
| if err := os.Remove(x); err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("rm failed on %v: %v", x, err) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| if err := os.Remove(d); err != nil { |
| t.Errorf("rmdir failed on %v: %v", d, err) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| func TestUnshareUidGidMappingHelper(*testing.T) { |
| if os.Getenv("GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS") != "1" { |
| return |
| } |
| defer os.Exit(0) |
| if err := syscall.Chroot(os.TempDir()); err != nil { |
| fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err) |
| os.Exit(2) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Test for Issue 29789: unshare fails when uid/gid mapping is specified |
| func TestUnshareUidGidMapping(t *testing.T) { |
| if os.Getuid() == 0 { |
| t.Skip("test exercises unprivileged user namespace, fails with privileges") |
| } |
| checkUserNS(t) |
| cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestUnshareUidGidMappingHelper") |
| cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS=1") |
| cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{ |
| Unshareflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWNS | syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER, |
| GidMappingsEnableSetgroups: false, |
| UidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{ |
| { |
| ContainerID: 0, |
| HostID: syscall.Getuid(), |
| Size: 1, |
| }, |
| }, |
| GidMappings: []syscall.SysProcIDMap{ |
| { |
| ContainerID: 0, |
| HostID: syscall.Getgid(), |
| Size: 1, |
| }, |
| }, |
| } |
| out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput() |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("Cmd failed with err %v, output: %s", err, out) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| type capHeader struct { |
| version uint32 |
| pid int32 |
| } |
| |
| type capData struct { |
| effective uint32 |
| permitted uint32 |
| inheritable uint32 |
| } |
| |
| const CAP_SYS_TIME = 25 |
| const CAP_SYSLOG = 34 |
| |
| type caps struct { |
| hdr capHeader |
| data [2]capData |
| } |
| |
| func getCaps() (caps, error) { |
| var c caps |
| |
| // Get capability version |
| if _, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_CAPGET, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&c.hdr)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(nil)), 0); errno != 0 { |
| return c, fmt.Errorf("SYS_CAPGET: %v", errno) |
| } |
| |
| // Get current capabilities |
| if _, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_CAPGET, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&c.hdr)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&c.data[0])), 0); errno != 0 { |
| return c, fmt.Errorf("SYS_CAPGET: %v", errno) |
| } |
| |
| return c, nil |
| } |
| |
| func mustSupportAmbientCaps(t *testing.T) { |
| var uname syscall.Utsname |
| if err := syscall.Uname(&uname); err != nil { |
| t.Fatalf("Uname: %v", err) |
| } |
| var buf [65]byte |
| for i, b := range uname.Release { |
| buf[i] = byte(b) |
| } |
| ver := string(buf[:]) |
| ver, _, _ = strings.Cut(ver, "\x00") |
| if strings.HasPrefix(ver, "2.") || |
| strings.HasPrefix(ver, "3.") || |
| strings.HasPrefix(ver, "4.1.") || |
| strings.HasPrefix(ver, "4.2.") { |
| t.Skipf("kernel version %q predates required 4.3; skipping test", ver) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // TestAmbientCapsHelper isn't a real test. It's used as a helper process for |
| // TestAmbientCaps. |
| func TestAmbientCapsHelper(*testing.T) { |
| if os.Getenv("GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS") != "1" { |
| return |
| } |
| defer os.Exit(0) |
| |
| caps, err := getCaps() |
| if err != nil { |
| fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err) |
| os.Exit(2) |
| } |
| if caps.data[0].effective&(1<<uint(CAP_SYS_TIME)) == 0 { |
| fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "CAP_SYS_TIME unexpectedly not in the effective capability mask") |
| os.Exit(2) |
| } |
| if caps.data[1].effective&(1<<uint(CAP_SYSLOG&31)) == 0 { |
| fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "CAP_SYSLOG unexpectedly not in the effective capability mask") |
| os.Exit(2) |
| } |
| } |
| |
| func TestAmbientCaps(t *testing.T) { |
| // Make sure we are running as root so we have permissions to use unshare |
| // and create a network namespace. |
| if os.Getuid() != 0 { |
| t.Skip("kernel prohibits unshare in unprivileged process, unless using user namespace") |
| } |
| |
| testAmbientCaps(t, false) |
| } |
| |
| func TestAmbientCapsUserns(t *testing.T) { |
| checkUserNS(t) |
| testAmbientCaps(t, true) |
| } |
| |
| func testAmbientCaps(t *testing.T, userns bool) { |
| skipInContainer(t) |
| mustSupportAmbientCaps(t) |
| |
| skipUnprivilegedUserClone(t) |
| |
| // skip on android, due to lack of lookup support |
| if runtime.GOOS == "android" { |
| t.Skip("skipping test on android; see Issue 27327") |
| } |
| |
| u, err := user.Lookup("nobody") |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| uid, err := strconv.ParseInt(u.Uid, 0, 32) |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| gid, err := strconv.ParseInt(u.Gid, 0, 32) |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| |
| // Copy the test binary to a temporary location which is readable by nobody. |
| f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "gotest") |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| defer os.Remove(f.Name()) |
| defer f.Close() |
| e, err := os.Open(os.Args[0]) |
| if err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| defer e.Close() |
| if _, err := io.Copy(f, e); err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| if err := f.Chmod(0755); err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| if err := f.Close(); err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err) |
| } |
| |
| cmd := exec.Command(f.Name(), "-test.run=TestAmbientCapsHelper") |
| cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GO_WANT_HELPER_PROCESS=1") |
| cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout |
| cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr |
| cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{ |
| Credential: &syscall.Credential{ |
| Uid: uint32(uid), |
| Gid: uint32(gid), |
| }, |
| AmbientCaps: []uintptr{CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYSLOG}, |
| } |
| if userns { |
| cmd.SysProcAttr.Cloneflags = syscall.CLONE_NEWUSER |
| const nobody = 65534 |
| uid := os.Getuid() |
| gid := os.Getgid() |
| cmd.SysProcAttr.UidMappings = []syscall.SysProcIDMap{{ |
| ContainerID: int(nobody), |
| HostID: int(uid), |
| Size: int(1), |
| }} |
| cmd.SysProcAttr.GidMappings = []syscall.SysProcIDMap{{ |
| ContainerID: int(nobody), |
| HostID: int(gid), |
| Size: int(1), |
| }} |
| |
| // Set credentials to run as user and group nobody. |
| cmd.SysProcAttr.Credential = &syscall.Credential{ |
| Uid: nobody, |
| Gid: nobody, |
| } |
| } |
| if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil { |
| t.Fatal(err.Error()) |
| } |
| } |
