src/cmd/gc/lex.c

// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

#define		EXTERN
#include	"go.h"
#include	"y.tab.h"
#include <ar.h>

#undef	getc
#undef	ungetc
#define	getc	ccgetc
#define	ungetc	ccungetc

extern int yychar;
int windows;
int yyprev;
int yylast;

static void	lexinit(void);
static void	lexfini(void);
static void	yytinit(void);
static int	getc(void);
static void	ungetc(int);
static int32	getr(void);
static int	escchar(int, int*, vlong*);
static void	addidir(char*);
static int	getlinepragma(void);
static char *goos, *goarch, *goroot;

// Our own isdigit, isspace, isalpha, isalnum that take care 
// of EOF and other out of range arguments.
static int
yy_isdigit(int c)
{
	return c >= 0 && c <= 0xFF && isdigit(c);
}

static int
yy_isspace(int c)
{
	return c >= 0 && c <= 0xFF && isspace(c);
}

static int
yy_isalpha(int c)
{
	return c >= 0 && c <= 0xFF && isalpha(c);
}

static int
yy_isalnum(int c)
{
	return c >= 0 && c <= 0xFF && isalnum(c);
}

// Disallow use of isdigit etc.
#undef isdigit
#undef isspace
#undef isalpha
#undef isalnum
#define isdigit use_yy_isdigit_instead_of_isdigit
#define isspace use_yy_isspace_instead_of_isspace
#define isalpha use_yy_isalpha_instead_of_isalpha
#define isalnum use_yy_isalnum_instead_of_isalnum

#define	DBG	if(!debug['x']);else print
enum
{
	EOF		= -1,
};

void
usage(void)
{
	print("gc: usage: %cg [flags] file.go...\n", thechar);
	print("flags:\n");
	// -A is allow use of "any" type, for bootstrapping
	print("  -I DIR search for packages in DIR\n");
	print("  -d print declarations\n");
	print("  -e no limit on number of errors printed\n");
	print("  -f print stack frame structure\n");
	print("  -h panic on an error\n");
	print("  -o file specify output file\n");
	print("  -S print the assembly language\n");
	print("  -V print the compiler version\n");
	print("  -u disable package unsafe\n");
	print("  -w print the parse tree after typing\n");
	print("  -x print lex tokens\n");
	exit(0);
}

void
fault(int s)
{
	// If we've already complained about things
	// in the program, don't bother complaining
	// about the seg fault too; let the user clean up
	// the code and try again.
	if(nerrors > 0)
		errorexit();
	fatal("fault");
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int i, c;
	NodeList *l;
	char *p;
	
	signal(SIGBUS, fault);
	signal(SIGSEGV, fault);

	localpkg = mkpkg(strlit(""));
	localpkg->prefix = "\"\"";

	builtinpkg = mkpkg(strlit("go.builtin"));

	gostringpkg = mkpkg(strlit("go.string"));
	gostringpkg->name = "go.string";
	gostringpkg->prefix = "go.string";	// not go%2estring

	runtimepkg = mkpkg(strlit("runtime"));
	runtimepkg->name = "runtime";

	stringpkg = mkpkg(strlit("string"));
	stringpkg->name = "string";

	typepkg = mkpkg(strlit("type"));
	typepkg->name = "type";

	unsafepkg = mkpkg(strlit("unsafe"));
	unsafepkg->name = "unsafe";

	goroot = getgoroot();
	goos = getgoos();
	goarch = thestring;

	outfile = nil;
	ARGBEGIN {
	default:
		c = ARGC();
		if(c >= 0 && c < sizeof(debug))
			debug[c]++;
		break;

	case 'o':
		outfile = EARGF(usage());
		break;

	case 'I':
		addidir(EARGF(usage()));
		break;
	
	case 'u':
		safemode = 1;
		break;

	case 'V':
		print("%cg version %s\n", thechar, getgoversion());
		exit(0);
	} ARGEND

	if(argc < 1)
		usage();

	// special flag to detect compilation of package runtime
	compiling_runtime = debug['+'];

	pathname = mal(1000);
	if(getwd(pathname, 999) == 0)
		strcpy(pathname, "/???");

	if(yy_isalpha(pathname[0]) && pathname[1] == ':') {
		// On Windows.
		windows = 1;

		// Canonicalize path by converting \ to / (Windows accepts both).
		for(p=pathname; *p; p++)
			if(*p == '\\')
				*p = '/';
	}

	fmtinstall('O', Oconv);		// node opcodes
	fmtinstall('E', Econv);		// etype opcodes
	fmtinstall('J', Jconv);		// all the node flags
	fmtinstall('S', Sconv);		// sym pointer
	fmtinstall('T', Tconv);		// type pointer
	fmtinstall('N', Nconv);		// node pointer
	fmtinstall('Z', Zconv);		// escaped string
	fmtinstall('L', Lconv);		// line number
	fmtinstall('B', Bconv);		// big numbers
	fmtinstall('F', Fconv);		// big float numbers

	betypeinit();
	if(widthptr == 0)
		fatal("betypeinit failed");

	lexinit();
	typeinit();
	yytinit();

	blockgen = 1;
	dclcontext = PEXTERN;
	nerrors = 0;
	lexlineno = 1;

	for(i=0; i<argc; i++) {
		infile = argv[i];
		linehist(infile, 0, 0);

		curio.infile = infile;
		curio.bin = Bopen(infile, OREAD);
		if(curio.bin == nil) {
			print("open %s: %r\n", infile);
			errorexit();
		}
		curio.peekc = 0;
		curio.peekc1 = 0;
		curio.nlsemi = 0;

		block = 1;

		yyparse();
		if(nsyntaxerrors != 0)
			errorexit();

		linehist(nil, 0, 0);
		if(curio.bin != nil)
			Bterm(curio.bin);
	}
	testdclstack();
	mkpackage(localpkg->name);	// final import not used checks
	lexfini();

	typecheckok = 1;
	if(debug['f'])
		frame(1);

	// Process top-level declarations in three phases.
	// Phase 1: const, type, and names and types of funcs.
	//   This will gather all the information about types
	//   and methods but doesn't depend on any of it.
	// Phase 2: Variable assignments.
	//   To check interface assignments, depends on phase 1.
	// Phase 3: Function bodies.
	defercheckwidth();
	for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
		if(l->n->op != ODCL && l->n->op != OAS)
			typecheck(&l->n, Etop);
	for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
		if(l->n->op == ODCL || l->n->op == OAS)
			typecheck(&l->n, Etop);
	resumecheckwidth();
	for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
		if(l->n->op == ODCLFUNC)
			funccompile(l->n, 0);
	if(nerrors == 0)
		fninit(xtop);
	while(closures) {
		l = closures;
		closures = nil;
		for(; l; l=l->next)
			funccompile(l->n, 1);
	}
	dclchecks();

	if(nerrors)
		errorexit();

	dumpobj();

	if(nerrors)
		errorexit();

	flusherrors();
	exit(0);
	return 0;
}

static int
arsize(Biobuf *b, char *name)
{
	struct ar_hdr *a;

	if((a = Brdline(b, '\n')) == nil)
		return -1;
	if(Blinelen(b) != sizeof(struct ar_hdr))
		return -1;
	if(strncmp(a->name, name, strlen(name)) != 0)
		return -1;
	return atoi(a->size);
}

static int
skiptopkgdef(Biobuf *b)
{
	char *p;
	int sz;

	/* archive header */
	if((p = Brdline(b, '\n')) == nil)
		return 0;
	if(Blinelen(b) != 8)
		return 0;
	if(memcmp(p, "!<arch>\n", 8) != 0)
		return 0;
	/* symbol table is first; skip it */
	sz = arsize(b, "__.SYMDEF");
	if(sz < 0)
		return 0;
	Bseek(b, sz, 1);
	/* package export block is second */
	sz = arsize(b, "__.PKGDEF");
	if(sz <= 0)
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

static void
addidir(char* dir)
{
	Idir** pp;

	if(dir == nil)
		return;

	for(pp = &idirs; *pp != nil; pp = &(*pp)->link)
		;
	*pp = mal(sizeof(Idir));
	(*pp)->link = nil;
	(*pp)->dir = dir;
}

// is this path a local name?  begins with ./ or ../ or /
static int
islocalname(Strlit *name)
{
	if(!windows && name->len >= 1 && name->s[0] == '/')
		return 1;
	if(windows && name->len >= 3 &&
	   yy_isalpha(name->s[0]) && name->s[1] == ':' && name->s[2] == '/')
	   	return 1;
	if(name->len >= 2 && strncmp(name->s, "./", 2) == 0)
		return 1;
	if(name->len >= 3 && strncmp(name->s, "../", 3) == 0)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

static int
findpkg(Strlit *name)
{
	Idir *p;
	char *q;

	if(islocalname(name)) {
		if(safemode)
			return 0;
		// try .a before .6.  important for building libraries:
		// if there is an array.6 in the array.a library,
		// want to find all of array.a, not just array.6.
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%Z.a", name);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%Z.%c", name, thechar);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
		return 0;
	}

	// local imports should be canonicalized already.
	// don't want to see "container/../container/vector"
	// as different from "container/vector".
	q = mal(name->len+1);
	memmove(q, name->s, name->len);
	q[name->len] = '\0';
	cleanname(q);
	if(strlen(q) != name->len || memcmp(q, name->s, name->len) != 0) {
		yyerror("non-canonical import path %Z (should be %s)", name, q);
		return 0;
	}

	for(p = idirs; p != nil; p = p->link) {
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s/%Z.a", p->dir, name);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s/%Z.%c", p->dir, name, thechar);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
	}
	if(goroot != nil) {
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s/pkg/%s_%s/%Z.a", goroot, goos, goarch, name);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s/pkg/%s_%s/%Z.%c", goroot, goos, goarch, name, thechar);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

void
importfile(Val *f, int line)
{
	Biobuf *imp;
	char *file, *p, *q;
	int32 c;
	int len;
	Strlit *path;
	char *cleanbuf;

	// TODO(rsc): don't bother reloading imports more than once?

	if(f->ctype != CTSTR) {
		yyerror("import statement not a string");
		return;
	}

	if(strlen(f->u.sval->s) != f->u.sval->len) {
		yyerror("import path contains NUL");
		errorexit();
	}

	// The package name main is no longer reserved,
	// but we reserve the import path "main" to identify
	// the main package, just as we reserve the import 
	// path "math" to identify the standard math package.
	if(strcmp(f->u.sval->s, "main") == 0) {
		yyerror("cannot import \"main\"");
		errorexit();
	}

	if(strcmp(f->u.sval->s, "unsafe") == 0) {
		if(safemode) {
			yyerror("cannot import package unsafe");
			errorexit();
		}
		importpkg = mkpkg(f->u.sval);
		cannedimports("unsafe.6", unsafeimport);
		return;
	}
	
	path = f->u.sval;
	if(islocalname(path)) {
		cleanbuf = mal(strlen(pathname) + strlen(path->s) + 2);
		strcpy(cleanbuf, pathname);
		strcat(cleanbuf, "/");
		strcat(cleanbuf, path->s);
		cleanname(cleanbuf);
		path = strlit(cleanbuf);
	}

	if(!findpkg(path)) {
		yyerror("can't find import: %Z", f->u.sval);
		errorexit();
	}
	importpkg = mkpkg(path);

	imp = Bopen(namebuf, OREAD);
	if(imp == nil) {
		yyerror("can't open import: %Z: %r", f->u.sval);
		errorexit();
	}
	file = strdup(namebuf);

	len = strlen(namebuf);
	if(len > 2 && namebuf[len-2] == '.' && namebuf[len-1] == 'a') {
		if(!skiptopkgdef(imp)) {
			yyerror("import %s: not a package file", file);
			errorexit();
		}
	}
	
	// check object header
	p = Brdstr(imp, '\n', 1);
	if(strcmp(p, "empty archive") != 0) {
		if(strncmp(p, "go object ", 10) != 0) {
			yyerror("import %s: not a go object file", file);
			errorexit();
		}
		q = smprint("%s %s %s", getgoos(), thestring, getgoversion());
		if(strcmp(p+10, q) != 0) {
			yyerror("import %s: object is [%s] expected [%s]", file, p+10, q);
			errorexit();
		}
		free(q);
	}

	// assume files move (get installed)
	// so don't record the full path.
	linehist(file + len - path->len - 2, -1, 1);	// acts as #pragma lib

	/*
	 * position the input right
	 * after $$ and return
	 */
	pushedio = curio;
	curio.bin = imp;
	curio.peekc = 0;
	curio.peekc1 = 0;
	curio.infile = file;
	curio.nlsemi = 0;
	typecheckok = 1;

	for(;;) {
		c = getc();
		if(c == EOF)
			break;
		if(c != '$')
			continue;
		c = getc();
		if(c == EOF)
			break;
		if(c != '$')
			continue;
		return;
	}
	yyerror("no import in: %Z", f->u.sval);
	unimportfile();
}

void
unimportfile(void)
{
	if(curio.bin != nil) {
		Bterm(curio.bin);
		curio.bin = nil;
	} else
		lexlineno--;	// re correct sys.6 line number

	curio = pushedio;
	pushedio.bin = nil;
	incannedimport = 0;
	typecheckok = 0;
}

void
cannedimports(char *file, char *cp)
{
	lexlineno++;		// if sys.6 is included on line 1,

	pushedio = curio;
	curio.bin = nil;
	curio.peekc = 0;
	curio.peekc1 = 0;
	curio.infile = file;
	curio.cp = cp;
	curio.nlsemi = 0;
	curio.importsafe = 0;

	typecheckok = 1;
	incannedimport = 1;
}

static int
isfrog(int c)
{
	// complain about possibly invisible control characters
	if(c < 0)
		return 1;
	if(c < ' ') {
		if(c == '\n' || c== '\r' || c == '\t')	// good white space
			return 0;
		return 1;
	}
	if(0x7f <= c && c <= 0xa0)	// DEL, unicode block including unbreakable space.
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

typedef struct Loophack Loophack;
struct Loophack {
	int v;
	Loophack *next;
};

static int32
_yylex(void)
{
	int c, c1, clen, escflag, ncp;
	vlong v;
	char *cp, *ep;
	Rune rune;
	Sym *s;
	static Loophack *lstk;
	Loophack *h;

	prevlineno = lineno;

l0:
	c = getc();
	if(yy_isspace(c)) {
		if(c == '\n' && curio.nlsemi) {
			ungetc(c);
			DBG("lex: implicit semi\n");
			return ';';
		}
		goto l0;
	}

	lineno = lexlineno;	/* start of token */

	if(c >= Runeself) {
		/* all multibyte runes are alpha */
		cp = lexbuf;
		ep = lexbuf+sizeof lexbuf;
		goto talph;
	}

	if(yy_isalpha(c)) {
		cp = lexbuf;
		ep = lexbuf+sizeof lexbuf;
		goto talph;
	}

	if(yy_isdigit(c))
		goto tnum;

	switch(c) {
	case EOF:
		lineno = prevlineno;
		ungetc(EOF);
		return -1;

	case '_':
		cp = lexbuf;
		ep = lexbuf+sizeof lexbuf;
		goto talph;

	case '.':
		c1 = getc();
		if(yy_isdigit(c1)) {
			cp = lexbuf;
			ep = lexbuf+sizeof lexbuf;
			*cp++ = c;
			c = c1;
			c1 = 0;
			goto casedot;
		}
		if(c1 == '.') {
			c1 = getc();
			if(c1 == '.') {
				c = LDDD;
				goto lx;
			}
			ungetc(c1);
			c1 = '.';
		}
		break;

	case '"':
		/* "..." */
		strcpy(lexbuf, "\"<string>\"");
		cp = mal(8);
		clen = sizeof(int32);
		ncp = 8;

		for(;;) {
			if(clen+UTFmax > ncp) {
				cp = remal(cp, ncp, ncp);
				ncp += ncp;
			}
			if(escchar('"', &escflag, &v))
				break;
			if(v < Runeself || escflag) {
				cp[clen++] = v;
			} else {
				rune = v;
				c = runelen(rune);
				runetochar(cp+clen, &rune);
				clen += c;
			}
		}
		goto strlit;
	
	case '`':
		/* `...` */
		strcpy(lexbuf, "`<string>`");
		cp = mal(8);
		clen = sizeof(int32);
		ncp = 8;

		for(;;) {
			if(clen+UTFmax > ncp) {
				cp = remal(cp, ncp, ncp);
				ncp += ncp;
			}
			c = getr();
			if(c == EOF) {
				yyerror("eof in string");
				break;
			}
			if(c == '`')
				break;
			rune = c;
			clen += runetochar(cp+clen, &rune);
		}

	strlit:
		*(int32*)cp = clen-sizeof(int32);	// length
		do {
			cp[clen++] = 0;
		} while(clen & MAXALIGN);
		yylval.val.u.sval = (Strlit*)cp;
		yylval.val.ctype = CTSTR;
		DBG("lex: string literal\n");
		return LLITERAL;

	case '\'':
		/* '.' */
		if(escchar('\'', &escflag, &v)) {
			yyerror("empty character literal or unescaped ' in character literal");
			v = '\'';
		}
		if(!escchar('\'', &escflag, &v)) {
			yyerror("missing '");
			ungetc(v);
		}
		yylval.val.u.xval = mal(sizeof(*yylval.val.u.xval));
		mpmovecfix(yylval.val.u.xval, v);
		yylval.val.ctype = CTINT;
		DBG("lex: codepoint literal\n");
		return LLITERAL;

	case '/':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '*') {
			int nl;
			
			nl = 0;
			for(;;) {
				c = getr();
				if(c == '\n')
					nl = 1;
				while(c == '*') {
					c = getr();
					if(c == '/') {
						if(nl)
							ungetc('\n');
						goto l0;
					}
					if(c == '\n')
						nl = 1;
				}
				if(c == EOF) {
					yyerror("eof in comment");
					errorexit();
				}
			}
		}
		if(c1 == '/') {
			c = getlinepragma();
			for(;;) {
				if(c == '\n' || c == EOF) {
					ungetc(c);
					goto l0;
				}
				c = getr();
			}
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = ODIV;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case ':':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = LCOLAS;
			goto lx;
		}
		break;

	case '*':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OMUL;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '%':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OMOD;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '+':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '+') {
			c = LINC;
			goto lx;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OADD;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '-':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '-') {
			c = LDEC;
			goto lx;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OSUB;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '>':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '>') {
			c = LRSH;
			c1 = getc();
			if(c1 == '=') {
				c = ORSH;
				goto asop;
			}
			break;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = LGE;
			goto lx;
		}
		c = LGT;
		break;

	case '<':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '<') {
			c = LLSH;
			c1 = getc();
			if(c1 == '=') {
				c = OLSH;
				goto asop;
			}
			break;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = LLE;
			goto lx;
		}
		if(c1 == '-') {
			c = LCOMM;
			goto lx;
		}
		c = LLT;
		break;

	case '=':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = LEQ;
			goto lx;
		}
		break;

	case '!':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = LNE;
			goto lx;
		}
		break;

	case '&':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '&') {
			c = LANDAND;
			goto lx;
		}
		if(c1 == '^') {
			c = LANDNOT;
			c1 = getc();
			if(c1 == '=') {
				c = OANDNOT;
				goto asop;
			}
			break;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OAND;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '|':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '|') {
			c = LOROR;
			goto lx;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OOR;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '^':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OXOR;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	/*
	 * clumsy dance:
	 * to implement rule that disallows
	 *	if T{1}[0] { ... }
	 * but allows
	 * 	if (T{1}[0]) { ... }
	 * the block bodies for if/for/switch/select
	 * begin with an LBODY token, not '{'.
	 *
	 * when we see the keyword, the next
	 * non-parenthesized '{' becomes an LBODY.
	 * loophack is normally 0.
	 * a keyword makes it go up to 1.
	 * parens push loophack onto a stack and go back to 0.
	 * a '{' with loophack == 1 becomes LBODY and disables loophack.
	 *
	 * i said it was clumsy.
	 */
	case '(':
	case '[':
		if(loophack || lstk != nil) {
			h = malloc(sizeof *h);
			h->v = loophack;
			h->next = lstk;
			lstk = h;
			loophack = 0;
		}
		goto lx;
	case ')':
	case ']':
		if(lstk != nil) {
			h = lstk;
			loophack = h->v;
			lstk = h->next;
			free(h);
		}
		goto lx;
	case '{':
		if(loophack == 1) {
			DBG("%L lex: LBODY\n", lexlineno);
			loophack = 0;
			return LBODY;
		}
		goto lx;

	default:
		goto lx;
	}
	ungetc(c1);

lx:
	if(c > 0xff)
		DBG("%L lex: TOKEN %s\n", lexlineno, lexname(c));
	else
		DBG("%L lex: TOKEN '%c'\n", lexlineno, c);
	if(isfrog(c)) {
		yyerror("illegal character 0x%ux", c);
		goto l0;
	}
	if(importpkg == nil && (c == '#' || c == '$' || c == '?' || c == '@' || c == '\\')) {
		yyerror("%s: unexpected %c", "syntax error", c);
		goto l0;
	}
	return c;

asop:
	yylval.lint = c;	// rathole to hold which asop
	DBG("lex: TOKEN ASOP %c\n", c);
	return LASOP;

talph:
	/*
	 * cp is set to lexbuf and some
	 * prefix has been stored
	 */
	for(;;) {
		if(cp+10 >= ep) {
			yyerror("identifier too long");
			errorexit();
		}
		if(c >= Runeself) {
			ungetc(c);
			rune = getr();
			// 0xb7 · is used for internal names
			if(!isalpharune(rune) && !isdigitrune(rune) && (importpkg == nil || rune != 0xb7))
				yyerror("invalid identifier character 0x%ux", rune);
			cp += runetochar(cp, &rune);
		} else if(!yy_isalnum(c) && c != '_')
			break;
		else
			*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
	}
	*cp = 0;
	ungetc(c);

	s = lookup(lexbuf);
	switch(s->lexical) {
	case LIGNORE:
		goto l0;

	case LFOR:
	case LIF:
	case LSWITCH:
	case LSELECT:
		loophack = 1;	// see comment about loophack above
		break;
	}

	DBG("lex: %S %s\n", s, lexname(s->lexical));
	yylval.sym = s;
	return s->lexical;

tnum:
	c1 = 0;
	cp = lexbuf;
	ep = lexbuf+sizeof lexbuf;
	if(c != '0') {
		for(;;) {
			if(cp+10 >= ep) {
				yyerror("identifier too long");
				errorexit();
			}
			*cp++ = c;
			c = getc();
			if(yy_isdigit(c))
				continue;
			goto dc;
		}
	}
	*cp++ = c;
	c = getc();
	if(c == 'x' || c == 'X') {
		for(;;) {
			if(cp+10 >= ep) {
				yyerror("identifier too long");
				errorexit();
			}
			*cp++ = c;
			c = getc();
			if(yy_isdigit(c))
				continue;
			if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
				continue;
			if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
				continue;
			if(cp == lexbuf+2)
				yyerror("malformed hex constant");
			goto ncu;
		}
	}

	if(c == 'p')	// 0p begins floating point zero
		goto casep;

	c1 = 0;
	for(;;) {
		if(cp+10 >= ep) {
			yyerror("identifier too long");
			errorexit();
		}
		if(!yy_isdigit(c))
			break;
		if(c < '0' || c > '7')
			c1 = 1;		// not octal
		*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
	}
	if(c == '.')
		goto casedot;
	if(c == 'e' || c == 'E')
		goto casee;
	if(c == 'i')
		goto casei;
	if(c1)
		yyerror("malformed octal constant");
	goto ncu;

dc:
	if(c == '.')
		goto casedot;
	if(c == 'e' || c == 'E')
		goto casee;
	if(c == 'p' || c == 'P')
		goto casep;
	if(c == 'i')
		goto casei;

ncu:
	*cp = 0;
	ungetc(c);

	yylval.val.u.xval = mal(sizeof(*yylval.val.u.xval));
	mpatofix(yylval.val.u.xval, lexbuf);
	if(yylval.val.u.xval->ovf) {
		yyerror("overflow in constant");
		mpmovecfix(yylval.val.u.xval, 0);
	}
	yylval.val.ctype = CTINT;
	DBG("lex: integer literal\n");
	return LLITERAL;

casedot:
	for(;;) {
		if(cp+10 >= ep) {
			yyerror("identifier too long");
			errorexit();
		}
		*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
		if(!yy_isdigit(c))
			break;
	}
	if(c == 'i')
		goto casei;
	if(c != 'e' && c != 'E')
		goto caseout;

casee:
	*cp++ = 'e';
	c = getc();
	if(c == '+' || c == '-') {
		*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
	}
	if(!yy_isdigit(c))
		yyerror("malformed fp constant exponent");
	while(yy_isdigit(c)) {
		if(cp+10 >= ep) {
			yyerror("identifier too long");
			errorexit();
		}
		*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
	}
	if(c == 'i')
		goto casei;
	goto caseout;

casep:
	*cp++ = 'p';
	c = getc();
	if(c == '+' || c == '-') {
		*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
	}
	if(!yy_isdigit(c))
		yyerror("malformed fp constant exponent");
	while(yy_isdigit(c)) {
		if(cp+10 >= ep) {
			yyerror("identifier too long");
			errorexit();
		}
		*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
	}
	if(c == 'i')
		goto casei;
	goto caseout;

casei:
	// imaginary constant
	*cp = 0;
	yylval.val.u.cval = mal(sizeof(*yylval.val.u.cval));
	mpmovecflt(&yylval.val.u.cval->real, 0.0);
	mpatoflt(&yylval.val.u.cval->imag, lexbuf);
	if(yylval.val.u.cval->imag.val.ovf) {
		yyerror("overflow in imaginary constant");
		mpmovecflt(&yylval.val.u.cval->real, 0.0);
	}
	yylval.val.ctype = CTCPLX;
	DBG("lex: imaginary literal\n");
	return LLITERAL;

caseout:
	*cp = 0;
	ungetc(c);

	yylval.val.u.fval = mal(sizeof(*yylval.val.u.fval));
	mpatoflt(yylval.val.u.fval, lexbuf);
	if(yylval.val.u.fval->val.ovf) {
		yyerror("overflow in float constant");
		mpmovecflt(yylval.val.u.fval, 0.0);
	}
	yylval.val.ctype = CTFLT;
	DBG("lex: floating literal\n");
	return LLITERAL;
}

/*
 * read and interpret syntax that looks like
 * //line parse.y:15
 * as a discontinuity in sequential line numbers.
 * the next line of input comes from parse.y:15
 */
static int
getlinepragma(void)
{
	int i, c, n;
	char *cp, *ep;
	Hist *h;

	for(i=0; i<5; i++) {
		c = getr();
		if(c != "line "[i])
			goto out;
	}

	cp = lexbuf;
	ep = lexbuf+sizeof(lexbuf)-5;
	for(;;) {
		c = getr();
		if(c == '\n' || c == EOF)
			goto out;
		if(c == ' ')
			continue;
		if(c == ':')
			break;
		if(cp < ep)
			*cp++ = c;
	}
	*cp = 0;

	n = 0;
	for(;;) {
		c = getr();
		if(!yy_isdigit(c))
			break;
		n = n*10 + (c-'0');
		if(n > 1e8) {
			yyerror("line number out of range");
			errorexit();
		}
	}

	if(c != '\n' || n <= 0)
		goto out;

	// try to avoid allocating file name over and over
	for(h=hist; h!=H; h=h->link) {
		if(h->name != nil && strcmp(h->name, lexbuf) == 0) {
			linehist(h->name, n, 0);
			goto out;
		}
	}
	linehist(strdup(lexbuf), n, 0);

out:
	return c;
}

int32
yylex(void)
{
	int lx;
	
	lx = _yylex();
	
	if(curio.nlsemi && lx == EOF) {
		// Treat EOF as "end of line" for the purposes
		// of inserting a semicolon.
		lx = ';';
	}

	switch(lx) {
	case LNAME:
	case LLITERAL:
	case LBREAK:
	case LCONTINUE:
	case LFALL:
	case LRETURN:
	case LINC:
	case LDEC:
	case ')':
	case '}':
	case ']':
		curio.nlsemi = 1;
		break;
	default:
		curio.nlsemi = 0;
		break;
	}

	// Track last two tokens returned by yylex.
	yyprev = yylast;
	yylast = lx;
 	return lx;
}

static int
getc(void)
{
	int c;

	c = curio.peekc;
	if(c != 0) {
		curio.peekc = curio.peekc1;
		curio.peekc1 = 0;
		if(c == '\n' && pushedio.bin == nil)
			lexlineno++;
		return c;
	}

	if(curio.bin == nil) {
		c = *curio.cp & 0xff;
		if(c != 0)
			curio.cp++;
	} else
		c = Bgetc(curio.bin);

	switch(c) {
	case 0:
		if(curio.bin != nil) {
			yyerror("illegal NUL byte");
			break;
		}
	case EOF:
		return EOF;

	case '\n':
		if(pushedio.bin == nil)
			lexlineno++;
		break;
	}
	return c;
}

static void
ungetc(int c)
{
	curio.peekc1 = curio.peekc;
	curio.peekc = c;
	if(c == '\n' && pushedio.bin == nil)
		lexlineno--;
}

static int32
getr(void)
{
	int c, i;
	char str[UTFmax+1];
	Rune rune;

	c = getc();
	if(c < Runeself)
		return c;
	i = 0;
	str[i++] = c;

loop:
	c = getc();
	str[i++] = c;
	if(!fullrune(str, i))
		goto loop;
	c = chartorune(&rune, str);
	if(rune == Runeerror && c == 1) {
		lineno = lexlineno;
		yyerror("illegal UTF-8 sequence");
		flusherrors();
		print("\t");
		for(c=0; c<i; c++)
			print("%s%.2x", c > 0 ? " " : "", *(uchar*)(str+c));
		print("\n");
	}
	return rune;
}

static int
escchar(int e, int *escflg, vlong *val)
{
	int i, u, c;
	vlong l;

	*escflg = 0;

	c = getr();
	switch(c) {
	case EOF:
		yyerror("eof in string");
		return 1;
	case '\n':
		yyerror("newline in string");
		return 1;
	case '\\':
		break;
	default:
		if(c == e)
			return 1;
		*val = c;
		return 0;
	}

	u = 0;
	c = getr();
	switch(c) {
	case 'x':
		*escflg = 1;	// it's a byte
		i = 2;
		goto hex;

	case 'u':
		i = 4;
		u = 1;
		goto hex;

	case 'U':
		i = 8;
		u = 1;
		goto hex;

	case '0':
	case '1':
	case '2':
	case '3':
	case '4':
	case '5':
	case '6':
	case '7':
		*escflg = 1;	// it's a byte
		goto oct;

	case 'a': c = '\a'; break;
	case 'b': c = '\b'; break;
	case 'f': c = '\f'; break;
	case 'n': c = '\n'; break;
	case 'r': c = '\r'; break;
	case 't': c = '\t'; break;
	case 'v': c = '\v'; break;
	case '\\': c = '\\'; break;

	default:
		if(c != e)
			yyerror("unknown escape sequence: %c", c);
	}
	*val = c;
	return 0;

hex:
	l = 0;
	for(; i>0; i--) {
		c = getc();
		if(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
			l = l*16 + c-'0';
			continue;
		}
		if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
			l = l*16 + c-'a' + 10;
			continue;
		}
		if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
			l = l*16 + c-'A' + 10;
			continue;
		}
		yyerror("non-hex character in escape sequence: %c", c);
		ungetc(c);
		break;
	}
	if(u && (l > Runemax || (0xd800 <= l && l < 0xe000))) {
		yyerror("invalid Unicode code point in escape sequence: %#llx", l);
		l = Runeerror;
	}
	*val = l;
	return 0;

oct:
	l = c - '0';
	for(i=2; i>0; i--) {
		c = getc();
		if(c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
			l = l*8 + c-'0';
			continue;
		}
		yyerror("non-octal character in escape sequence: %c", c);
		ungetc(c);
	}
	if(l > 255)
		yyerror("octal escape value > 255: %d", l);

	*val = l;
	return 0;
}

static	struct
{
	char*	name;
	int	lexical;
	int	etype;
	int	op;
} syms[] =
{
/*	name		lexical		etype		op
 */
/* basic types */
	"int8",		LNAME,		TINT8,		OXXX,
	"int16",	LNAME,		TINT16,		OXXX,
	"int32",	LNAME,		TINT32,		OXXX,
	"int64",	LNAME,		TINT64,		OXXX,

	"uint8",	LNAME,		TUINT8,		OXXX,
	"uint16",	LNAME,		TUINT16,	OXXX,
	"uint32",	LNAME,		TUINT32,	OXXX,
	"uint64",	LNAME,		TUINT64,	OXXX,

	"float32",	LNAME,		TFLOAT32,	OXXX,
	"float64",	LNAME,		TFLOAT64,	OXXX,

	"complex64",	LNAME,		TCOMPLEX64,	OXXX,
	"complex128",	LNAME,		TCOMPLEX128,	OXXX,

	"bool",		LNAME,		TBOOL,		OXXX,
	"byte",		LNAME,		TUINT8,		OXXX,
	"string",	LNAME,		TSTRING,	OXXX,

	"any",		LNAME,		TANY,		OXXX,

	"break",	LBREAK,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"case",		LCASE,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"chan",		LCHAN,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"const",	LCONST,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"continue",	LCONTINUE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"default",	LDEFAULT,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"else",		LELSE,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"defer",	LDEFER,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"fallthrough",	LFALL,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"for",		LFOR,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"func",		LFUNC,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"go",		LGO,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"goto",		LGOTO,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"if",		LIF,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"import",	LIMPORT,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"interface",	LINTERFACE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"map",		LMAP,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"package",	LPACKAGE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"range",	LRANGE,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"return",	LRETURN,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"select",	LSELECT,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"struct",	LSTRUCT,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"switch",	LSWITCH,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"type",		LTYPE,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"var",		LVAR,		Txxx,		OXXX,

	"append",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OAPPEND,
	"cap",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OCAP,
	"close",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OCLOSE,
	"complex",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OCOMPLEX,
	"copy",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OCOPY,
	"imag",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OIMAG,
	"len",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OLEN,
	"make",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OMAKE,
	"new",		LNAME,		Txxx,		ONEW,
	"panic",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OPANIC,
	"print",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OPRINT,
	"println",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OPRINTN,
	"real",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OREAL,
	"recover",	LNAME,		Txxx,		ORECOVER,

	"notwithstanding",		LIGNORE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"thetruthofthematter",		LIGNORE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"despiteallobjections",		LIGNORE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"whereas",			LIGNORE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"insofaras",			LIGNORE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
};

static void
lexinit(void)
{
	int i, lex;
	Sym *s, *s1;
	Type *t;
	int etype;

	/*
	 * initialize basic types array
	 * initialize known symbols
	 */
	for(i=0; i<nelem(syms); i++) {
		lex = syms[i].lexical;
		s = lookup(syms[i].name);
		s->lexical = lex;

		etype = syms[i].etype;
		if(etype != Txxx) {
			if(etype < 0 || etype >= nelem(types))
				fatal("lexinit: %s bad etype", s->name);
			t = types[etype];
			if(t == T) {
				t = typ(etype);
				t->sym = s;

				if(etype != TANY && etype != TSTRING)
					dowidth(t);
				types[etype] = t;
			}
			s1 = pkglookup(syms[i].name, builtinpkg);
			s1->lexical = LNAME;
			s1->def = typenod(t);
			continue;
		}
	}

	// logically, the type of a string literal.
	// types[TSTRING] is the named type string
	// (the type of x in var x string or var x = "hello").
	// this is the ideal form
	// (the type of x in const x = "hello").
	idealstring = typ(TSTRING);
	idealbool = typ(TBOOL);

	s = pkglookup("true", builtinpkg);
	s->def = nodbool(1);
	s->def->sym = lookup("true");
	s->def->type = idealbool;

	s = pkglookup("false", builtinpkg);
	s->def = nodbool(0);
	s->def->sym = lookup("false");
	s->def->type = idealbool;

	s = lookup("_");
	s->block = -100;
	s->def = nod(ONAME, N, N);
	s->def->sym = s;
	types[TBLANK] = typ(TBLANK);
	s->def->type = types[TBLANK];
	nblank = s->def;
}

static void
lexfini(void)
{
	Sym *s;
	int lex, etype, i;
	Val v;

	for(i=0; i<nelem(syms); i++) {
		lex = syms[i].lexical;
		if(lex != LNAME)
			continue;
		s = lookup(syms[i].name);
		s->lexical = lex;

		etype = syms[i].etype;
		if(etype != Txxx && (etype != TANY || debug['A']) && s->def == N)
			s->def = typenod(types[etype]);

		etype = syms[i].op;
		if(etype != OXXX && s->def == N) {
			s->def = nod(ONAME, N, N);
			s->def->sym = s;
			s->def->etype = etype;
			s->def->builtin = 1;
		}
	}

	for(i=0; typedefs[i].name; i++) {
		s = lookup(typedefs[i].name);
		if(s->def == N)
			s->def = typenod(types[typedefs[i].etype]);
	}

	// there's only so much table-driven we can handle.
	// these are special cases.
	types[TNIL] = typ(TNIL);
	s = lookup("nil");
	if(s->def == N) {
		v.ctype = CTNIL;
		s->def = nodlit(v);
		s->def->sym = s;
	}
	
	s = lookup("iota");
	if(s->def == N) {
		s->def = nod(OIOTA, N, N);
		s->def->sym = s;
	}

	s = lookup("true");
	if(s->def == N) {
		s->def = nodbool(1);
		s->def->sym = s;
	}

	s = lookup("false");
	if(s->def == N) {
		s->def = nodbool(0);
		s->def->sym = s;
	}
	
	nodfp = nod(ONAME, N, N);
	nodfp->noescape = 1;
	nodfp->type = types[TINT32];
	nodfp->xoffset = 0;
	nodfp->class = PPARAM;
	nodfp->sym = lookup(".fp");
}

struct
{
	int	lex;
	char*	name;
} lexn[] =
{
	LANDAND,	"ANDAND",
	LASOP,		"ASOP",
	LBREAK,		"BREAK",
	LCASE,		"CASE",
	LCHAN,		"CHAN",
	LCOLAS,		"COLAS",
	LCONST,		"CONST",
	LCONTINUE,	"CONTINUE",
	LDEC,		"DEC",
	LDEFER,		"DEFER",
	LELSE,		"ELSE",
	LEQ,		"EQ",
	LFALL,		"FALL",
	LFOR,		"FOR",
	LFUNC,		"FUNC",
	LGE,		"GE",
	LGO,		"GO",
	LGOTO,		"GOTO",
	LGT,		"GT",
	LIF,		"IF",
	LIMPORT,	"IMPORT",
	LINC,		"INC",
	LINTERFACE,	"INTERFACE",
	LLE,		"LE",
	LLITERAL,	"LITERAL",
	LLSH,		"LSH",
	LLT,		"LT",
	LMAP,		"MAP",
	LNAME,		"NAME",
	LNE,		"NE",
	LOROR,		"OROR",
	LPACKAGE,	"PACKAGE",
	LRANGE,		"RANGE",
	LRETURN,	"RETURN",
	LRSH,		"RSH",
	LSTRUCT,	"STRUCT",
	LSWITCH,	"SWITCH",
	LTYPE,		"TYPE",
	LVAR,		"VAR",
};

char*
lexname(int lex)
{
	int i;
	static char buf[100];

	for(i=0; i<nelem(lexn); i++)
		if(lexn[i].lex == lex)
			return lexn[i].name;
	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "LEX-%d", lex);
	return buf;
}

struct
{
	char *have;
	char *want;
} yytfix[] =
{
	"$end",	"EOF",
	"LLITERAL",	"literal",
	"LASOP",	"op=",
	"LBREAK",	"break",
	"LCASE",	"case",
	"LCOLAS",	":=",
	"LCONST",	"const",
	"LCONTINUE",	"continue",
	"LDDD",	"...",
	"LDEFAULT",	"default",
	"LDEFER",	"defer",
	"LELSE",	"else",
	"LFALL",	"fallthrough",
	"LFOR",	"for",
	"LFUNC",	"func",
	"LGO",	"go",
	"LGOTO",	"goto",
	"LIF",	"if",
	"LIMPORT",	"import",
	"LINTERFACE",	"interface",
	"LMAP",	"map",
	"LNAME",	"name",
	"LPACKAGE",	"package",
	"LRANGE",	"range",
	"LRETURN",	"return",
	"LSELECT",	"select",
	"LSTRUCT",	"struct",
	"LSWITCH",	"switch",
	"LTYPE",	"type",
	"LVAR",	"var",
	"LANDAND",	"&&",
	"LANDNOT",	"&^",
	"LBODY",	"{",
	"LCOMM",	"<-",
	"LDEC",	"--",
	"LINC",	"++",
	"LEQ",	"==",
	"LGE",	">=",
	"LGT",	">",
	"LLE",	"<=",
	"LLT",	"<",
	"LLSH",	"<<",
	"LRSH",	">>",
	"LOROR",	"||",
	"LNE",	"!=",
	
	// spell out to avoid confusion with punctuation in error messages
	"';'",	"semicolon or newline",
	"','",	"comma",
};

static void
yytinit(void)
{
	int i, j;
	extern char *yytname[];
	char *s, *t;

	for(i=0; yytname[i] != nil; i++) {
		s = yytname[i];
		
		// apply yytfix if possible
		for(j=0; j<nelem(yytfix); j++) {
			if(strcmp(s, yytfix[j].have) == 0) {
				yytname[i] = yytfix[j].want;
				goto loop;
			}
		}

		// turn 'x' into x.
		if(s[0] == '\'') {
			t = strdup(s+1);
			t[strlen(t)-1] = '\0';
			yytname[i] = t;
		}
	loop:;
	}		
}

void
mkpackage(char* pkgname)
{
	Sym *s;
	int32 h;
	char *p;

	if(localpkg->name == nil) {
		if(strcmp(pkgname, "_") == 0)
			yyerror("invalid package name _");
		localpkg->name = pkgname;
	} else {
		if(strcmp(pkgname, localpkg->name) != 0)
			yyerror("package %s; expected %s", pkgname, localpkg->name);
		for(h=0; h<NHASH; h++) {
			for(s = hash[h]; s != S; s = s->link) {
				if(s->def == N || s->pkg != localpkg)
					continue;
				if(s->def->op == OPACK) {
					// throw away top-level package name leftover
					// from previous file.
					// leave s->block set to cause redeclaration
					// errors if a conflicting top-level name is
					// introduced by a different file.
					if(!s->def->used && !nsyntaxerrors)
						yyerrorl(s->def->lineno, "imported and not used: %Z", s->def->pkg->path);
					s->def = N;
					continue;
				}
				if(s->def->sym != s) {
					// throw away top-level name left over
					// from previous import . "x"
					if(s->def->pack != N && !s->def->pack->used && !nsyntaxerrors) {
						yyerrorl(s->def->pack->lineno, "imported and not used: %Z", s->def->pack->pkg->path);
						s->def->pack->used = 1;
					}
					s->def = N;
					continue;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if(outfile == nil) {
		p = strrchr(infile, '/');
		if(p == nil)
			p = infile;
		else
			p = p+1;
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s", p);
		p = strrchr(namebuf, '.');
		if(p != nil)
			*p = 0;
		outfile = smprint("%s.%c", namebuf, thechar);
	}
}