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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Package os provides a platform-independent interface to operating system
// functionality. The design is Unix-like, although the error handling is
// Go-like; failing calls return values of type error rather than error numbers.
// Often, more information is available within the error. For example,
// if a call that takes a file name fails, such as Open or Stat, the error
// will include the failing file name when printed and will be of type
// *PathError, which may be unpacked for more information.
//
// The os interface is intended to be uniform across all operating systems.
// Features not generally available appear in the system-specific package syscall.
//
// Here is a simple example, opening a file and reading some of it.
//
// file, err := os.Open("file.go") // For read access.
// if err != nil {
// log.Fatal(err)
// }
//
// If the open fails, the error string will be self-explanatory, like
//
// open file.go: no such file or directory
//
// The file's data can then be read into a slice of bytes. Read and
// Write take their byte counts from the length of the argument slice.
//
// data := make([]byte, 100)
// count, err := file.Read(data)
// if err != nil {
// log.Fatal(err)
// }
// fmt.Printf("read %d bytes: %q\n", count, data[:count])
//
package os
import (
"errors"
"internal/poll"
"io"
"syscall"
)
// Name returns the name of the file as presented to Open.
func (f *File) Name() string { return f.name }
// Stdin, Stdout, and Stderr are open Files pointing to the standard input,
// standard output, and standard error file descriptors.
//
// Note that the Go runtime writes to standard error for panics and crashes;
// closing Stderr may cause those messages to go elsewhere, perhaps
// to a file opened later.
var (
Stdin = NewFile(uintptr(syscall.Stdin), "/dev/stdin")
Stdout = NewFile(uintptr(syscall.Stdout), "/dev/stdout")
Stderr = NewFile(uintptr(syscall.Stderr), "/dev/stderr")
)
// Flags to OpenFile wrapping those of the underlying system. Not all
// flags may be implemented on a given system.
const (
O_RDONLY int = syscall.O_RDONLY // open the file read-only.
O_WRONLY int = syscall.O_WRONLY // open the file write-only.
O_RDWR int = syscall.O_RDWR // open the file read-write.
O_APPEND int = syscall.O_APPEND // append data to the file when writing.
O_CREATE int = syscall.O_CREAT // create a new file if none exists.
O_EXCL int = syscall.O_EXCL // used with O_CREATE, file must not exist
O_SYNC int = syscall.O_SYNC // open for synchronous I/O.
O_TRUNC int = syscall.O_TRUNC // if possible, truncate file when opened.
)
// Seek whence values.
//
// Deprecated: Use io.SeekStart, io.SeekCurrent, and io.SeekEnd.
const (
SEEK_SET int = 0 // seek relative to the origin of the file
SEEK_CUR int = 1 // seek relative to the current offset
SEEK_END int = 2 // seek relative to the end
)
// LinkError records an error during a link or symlink or rename
// system call and the paths that caused it.
type LinkError struct {
Op string
Old string
New string
Err error
}
func (e *LinkError) Error() string {
return e.Op + " " + e.Old + " " + e.New + ": " + e.Err.Error()
}
// Read reads up to len(b) bytes from the File.
// It returns the number of bytes read and any error encountered.
// At end of file, Read returns 0, io.EOF.
func (f *File) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
if err := f.checkValid("read"); err != nil {
return 0, err
}
n, e := f.read(b)
return n, f.wrapErr("read", e)
}
// ReadAt reads len(b) bytes from the File starting at byte offset off.
// It returns the number of bytes read and the error, if any.
// ReadAt always returns a non-nil error when n < len(b).
// At end of file, that error is io.EOF.
func (f *File) ReadAt(b []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
if err := f.checkValid("read"); err != nil {
return 0, err
}
if off < 0 {
return 0, &PathError{"readat", f.name, errors.New("negative offset")}
}
for len(b) > 0 {
m, e := f.pread(b, off)
if e != nil {
err = f.wrapErr("read", e)
break
}
n += m
b = b[m:]
off += int64(m)
}
return
}
// Write writes len(b) bytes to the File.
// It returns the number of bytes written and an error, if any.
// Write returns a non-nil error when n != len(b).
func (f *File) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
if err := f.checkValid("write"); err != nil {
return 0, err
}
n, e := f.write(b)
if n < 0 {
n = 0
}
if n != len(b) {
err = io.ErrShortWrite
}
epipecheck(f, e)
if e != nil {
err = f.wrapErr("write", e)
}
return n, err
}
// WriteAt writes len(b) bytes to the File starting at byte offset off.
// It returns the number of bytes written and an error, if any.
// WriteAt returns a non-nil error when n != len(b).
func (f *File) WriteAt(b []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
if err := f.checkValid("write"); err != nil {
return 0, err
}
if off < 0 {
return 0, &PathError{"writeat", f.name, errors.New("negative offset")}
}
for len(b) > 0 {
m, e := f.pwrite(b, off)
if e != nil {
err = f.wrapErr("write", e)
break
}
n += m
b = b[m:]
off += int64(m)
}
return
}
// Seek sets the offset for the next Read or Write on file to offset, interpreted
// according to whence: 0 means relative to the origin of the file, 1 means
// relative to the current offset, and 2 means relative to the end.
// It returns the new offset and an error, if any.
// The behavior of Seek on a file opened with O_APPEND is not specified.
func (f *File) Seek(offset int64, whence int) (ret int64, err error) {
if err := f.checkValid("seek"); err != nil {
return 0, err
}
r, e := f.seek(offset, whence)
if e == nil && f.dirinfo != nil && r != 0 {
e = syscall.EISDIR
}
if e != nil {
return 0, f.wrapErr("seek", e)
}
return r, nil
}
// WriteString is like Write, but writes the contents of string s rather than
// a slice of bytes.
func (f *File) WriteString(s string) (n int, err error) {
return f.Write([]byte(s))
}
// Mkdir creates a new directory with the specified name and permission bits.
// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
func Mkdir(name string, perm FileMode) error {
e := syscall.Mkdir(fixLongPath(name), syscallMode(perm))
if e != nil {
return &PathError{"mkdir", name, e}
}
// mkdir(2) itself won't handle the sticky bit on *BSD and Solaris
if !supportsCreateWithStickyBit && perm&ModeSticky != 0 {
Chmod(name, perm)
}
return nil
}
// Chdir changes the current working directory to the named directory.
// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
func Chdir(dir string) error {
if e := syscall.Chdir(dir); e != nil {
return &PathError{"chdir", dir, e}
}
return nil
}
// Open opens the named file for reading. If successful, methods on
// the returned file can be used for reading; the associated file
// descriptor has mode O_RDONLY.
// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
func Open(name string) (*File, error) {
return OpenFile(name, O_RDONLY, 0)
}
// Create creates the named file with mode 0666 (before umask), truncating
// it if it already exists. If successful, methods on the returned
// File can be used for I/O; the associated file descriptor has mode
// O_RDWR.
// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
func Create(name string) (*File, error) {
return OpenFile(name, O_RDWR|O_CREATE|O_TRUNC, 0666)
}
// lstat is overridden in tests.
var lstat = Lstat
// Rename renames (moves) oldpath to newpath.
// If newpath already exists and is not a directory, Rename replaces it.
// OS-specific restrictions may apply when oldpath and newpath are in different directories.
// If there is an error, it will be of type *LinkError.
func Rename(oldpath, newpath string) error {
return rename(oldpath, newpath)
}
// Many functions in package syscall return a count of -1 instead of 0.
// Using fixCount(call()) instead of call() corrects the count.
func fixCount(n int, err error) (int, error) {
if n < 0 {
n = 0
}
return n, err
}
// wrapErr wraps an error that occurred during an operation on an open file.
// It passes io.EOF through unchanged, otherwise converts
// poll.ErrFileClosing to ErrClosed and wraps the error in a PathError.
func (f *File) wrapErr(op string, err error) error {
if err == nil || err == io.EOF {
return err
}
if err == poll.ErrFileClosing {
err = ErrClosed
}
return &PathError{op, f.name, err}
}