src/cmd/compile/internal/noder/stencil.go

// Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// This file will evolve, since we plan to do a mix of stenciling and passing
// around dictionaries.

package noder

import (
	"bytes"
	"cmd/compile/internal/base"
	"cmd/compile/internal/ir"
	"cmd/compile/internal/typecheck"
	"cmd/compile/internal/types"
	"cmd/internal/src"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
)

// stencil scans functions for instantiated generic function calls and
// creates the required stencils for simple generic functions.
func (g *irgen) stencil() {
	g.target.Stencils = make(map[*types.Sym]*ir.Func)
	// Don't use range(g.target.Decls) - we also want to process any new instantiated
	// functions that are created during this loop, in order to handle generic
	// functions calling other generic functions.
	for i := 0; i < len(g.target.Decls); i++ {
		decl := g.target.Decls[i]

		// Look for function instantiations in bodies of non-generic
		// functions or in global assignments (ignore global type and
		// constant declarations).
		switch decl.Op() {
		case ir.ODCLFUNC:
			if decl.Type().HasTParam() {
				// Skip any generic functions
				continue
			}

		case ir.OAS:

		case ir.OAS2:

		default:
			continue
		}

		// For all non-generic code, search for any function calls using
		// generic function instantiations. Then create the needed
		// instantiated function if it hasn't been created yet, and change
		// to calling that function directly.
		modified := false
		foundFuncInst := false
		ir.Visit(decl, func(n ir.Node) {
			if n.Op() == ir.OFUNCINST {
				// We found a function instantiation that is not
				// immediately called.
				foundFuncInst = true
			}
			if n.Op() != ir.OCALLFUNC || n.(*ir.CallExpr).X.Op() != ir.OFUNCINST {
				return
			}
			// We have found a function call using a generic function
			// instantiation.
			call := n.(*ir.CallExpr)
			inst := call.X.(*ir.InstExpr)
			st := g.getInstantiation(inst)
			// Replace the OFUNCINST with a direct reference to the
			// new stenciled function
			call.X = st.Nname
			if inst.X.Op() == ir.OCALLPART {
				// When we create an instantiation of a method
				// call, we make it a function. So, move the
				// receiver to be the first arg of the function
				// call.
				withRecv := make([]ir.Node, len(call.Args)+1)
				dot := inst.X.(*ir.SelectorExpr)
				withRecv[0] = dot.X
				copy(withRecv[1:], call.Args)
				call.Args = withRecv
			}
			modified = true
		})

		// If we found an OFUNCINST without a corresponding call in the
		// above decl, then traverse the nodes of decl again (with
		// EditChildren rather than Visit), where we actually change the
		// OFUNCINST node to an ONAME for the instantiated function.
		// EditChildren is more expensive than Visit, so we only do this
		// in the infrequent case of an OFUNCINSt without a corresponding
		// call.
		if foundFuncInst {
			var edit func(ir.Node) ir.Node
			edit = func(x ir.Node) ir.Node {
				if x.Op() == ir.OFUNCINST {
					st := g.getInstantiation(x.(*ir.InstExpr))
					return st.Nname
				}
				ir.EditChildren(x, edit)
				return x
			}
			edit(decl)
		}
		if base.Flag.W > 1 && modified {
			ir.Dump(fmt.Sprintf("\nmodified %v", decl), decl)
		}
	}

}

// getInstantiation gets the instantiated function corresponding to inst. If the
// instantiated function is not already cached, then it calls genericStub to
// create the new instantiation.
func (g *irgen) getInstantiation(inst *ir.InstExpr) *ir.Func {
	var sym *types.Sym
	if meth, ok := inst.X.(*ir.SelectorExpr); ok {
		// Write the name of the generic method, including receiver type
		sym = makeInstName(meth.Selection.Nname.Sym(), inst.Targs)
	} else {
		sym = makeInstName(inst.X.(*ir.Name).Name().Sym(), inst.Targs)
	}
	//fmt.Printf("Found generic func call in %v to %v\n", f, s)
	st := g.target.Stencils[sym]
	if st == nil {
		// If instantiation doesn't exist yet, create it and add
		// to the list of decls.
		st = g.genericSubst(sym, inst)
		g.target.Stencils[sym] = st
		g.target.Decls = append(g.target.Decls, st)
		if base.Flag.W > 1 {
			ir.Dump(fmt.Sprintf("\nstenciled %v", st), st)
		}
	}
	return st
}

// makeInstName makes the unique name for a stenciled generic function, based on
// the name of the function and the targs.
func makeInstName(fnsym *types.Sym, targs []ir.Node) *types.Sym {
	b := bytes.NewBufferString("#")
	b.WriteString(fnsym.Name)
	b.WriteString("[")
	for i, targ := range targs {
		if i > 0 {
			b.WriteString(",")
		}
		b.WriteString(targ.Type().String())
	}
	b.WriteString("]")
	return typecheck.Lookup(b.String())
}

// Struct containing info needed for doing the substitution as we create the
// instantiation of a generic function with specified type arguments.
type subster struct {
	g       *irgen
	newf    *ir.Func // Func node for the new stenciled function
	tparams []*types.Field
	targs   []ir.Node
	// The substitution map from name nodes in the generic function to the
	// name nodes in the new stenciled function.
	vars map[*ir.Name]*ir.Name
	seen map[*types.Type]*types.Type
}

// genericSubst returns a new function with the specified name. The function is an
// instantiation of a generic function or method with type params, as specified by
// inst. For a method with a generic receiver, it returns an instantiated function
// type where the receiver becomes the first parameter. Otherwise the instantiated
// method would still need to be transformed by later compiler phases.
func (g *irgen) genericSubst(name *types.Sym, inst *ir.InstExpr) *ir.Func {
	var nameNode *ir.Name
	var tparams []*types.Field
	if selExpr, ok := inst.X.(*ir.SelectorExpr); ok {
		// Get the type params from the method receiver (after skipping
		// over any pointer)
		nameNode = ir.AsNode(selExpr.Selection.Nname).(*ir.Name)
		recvType := selExpr.Type().Recv().Type
		if recvType.IsPtr() {
			recvType = recvType.Elem()
		}
		tparams = make([]*types.Field, len(recvType.RParams))
		for i, rparam := range recvType.RParams {
			tparams[i] = types.NewField(src.NoXPos, nil, rparam)
		}
	} else {
		nameNode = inst.X.(*ir.Name)
		tparams = nameNode.Type().TParams().Fields().Slice()
	}
	gf := nameNode.Func
	newf := ir.NewFunc(inst.Pos())
	newf.Nname = ir.NewNameAt(inst.Pos(), name)
	newf.Nname.Func = newf
	newf.Nname.Defn = newf
	name.Def = newf.Nname

	subst := &subster{
		g:       g,
		newf:    newf,
		tparams: tparams,
		targs:   inst.Targs,
		vars:    make(map[*ir.Name]*ir.Name),
		seen:    make(map[*types.Type]*types.Type),
	}

	newf.Dcl = make([]*ir.Name, len(gf.Dcl))
	for i, n := range gf.Dcl {
		newf.Dcl[i] = subst.node(n).(*ir.Name)
	}
	newf.Body = subst.list(gf.Body)

	// Ugly: we have to insert the Name nodes of the parameters/results into
	// the function type. The current function type has no Nname fields set,
	// because it came via conversion from the types2 type.
	oldt := inst.X.Type()
	// We also transform a generic method type to the corresponding
	// instantiated function type where the receiver is the first parameter.
	newt := types.NewSignature(oldt.Pkg(), nil, nil,
		subst.fields(ir.PPARAM, append(oldt.Recvs().FieldSlice(), oldt.Params().FieldSlice()...), newf.Dcl),
		subst.fields(ir.PPARAMOUT, oldt.Results().FieldSlice(), newf.Dcl))

	newf.Nname.Ntype = ir.TypeNode(newt)
	newf.Nname.SetType(newt)
	ir.MarkFunc(newf.Nname)
	newf.SetTypecheck(1)
	newf.Nname.SetTypecheck(1)
	// TODO(danscales) - remove later, but avoid confusion for now.
	newf.Pragma = ir.Noinline
	return newf
}

// node is like DeepCopy(), but creates distinct ONAME nodes, and also descends
// into closures. It substitutes type arguments for type parameters in all the new
// nodes.
func (subst *subster) node(n ir.Node) ir.Node {
	// Use closure to capture all state needed by the ir.EditChildren argument.
	var edit func(ir.Node) ir.Node
	edit = func(x ir.Node) ir.Node {
		switch x.Op() {
		case ir.OTYPE:
			return ir.TypeNode(subst.typ(x.Type()))

		case ir.ONAME:
			name := x.(*ir.Name)
			if v := subst.vars[name]; v != nil {
				return v
			}
			m := ir.NewNameAt(name.Pos(), name.Sym())
			if name.IsClosureVar() {
				m.SetIsClosureVar(true)
			}
			t := x.Type()
			newt := subst.typ(t)
			m.SetType(newt)
			m.Curfn = subst.newf
			m.Class = name.Class
			m.Func = name.Func
			subst.vars[name] = m
			m.SetTypecheck(1)
			return m
		case ir.OLITERAL, ir.ONIL:
			if x.Sym() != nil {
				return x
			}
		}
		m := ir.Copy(x)
		if _, isExpr := m.(ir.Expr); isExpr {
			t := x.Type()
			if t == nil {
				// t can be nil only if this is a call that has no
				// return values, so allow that and otherwise give
				// an error.
				_, isCallExpr := m.(*ir.CallExpr)
				_, isStructKeyExpr := m.(*ir.StructKeyExpr)
				if !isCallExpr && !isStructKeyExpr {
					base.Fatalf(fmt.Sprintf("Nil type for %v", x))
				}
			} else if x.Op() != ir.OCLOSURE {
				m.SetType(subst.typ(x.Type()))
			}
		}
		ir.EditChildren(m, edit)

		if x.Op() == ir.OXDOT {
			// A method value/call via a type param will have been left as an
			// OXDOT. When we see this during stenciling, finish the
			// typechecking, now that we have the instantiated receiver type.
			// We need to do this now, since the access/selection to the
			// method for the real type is very different from the selection
			// for the type param.
			m.SetTypecheck(0)
			// m will transform to an OCALLPART
			typecheck.Expr(m)
		}
		if x.Op() == ir.OCALL {
			call := m.(*ir.CallExpr)
			if call.X.Op() == ir.OTYPE {
				// Do typechecking on a conversion, now that we
				// know the type argument.
				m.SetTypecheck(0)
				m = typecheck.Expr(m)
			} else if call.X.Op() == ir.OCALLPART {
				// Redo the typechecking, now that we know the method
				// value is being called.
				call.X.(*ir.SelectorExpr).SetOp(ir.OXDOT)
				call.X.SetTypecheck(0)
				call.X.SetType(nil)
				typecheck.Callee(call.X)
				m.SetTypecheck(0)
				typecheck.Call(m.(*ir.CallExpr))
			} else {
				base.FatalfAt(call.Pos(), "Expecting OCALLPART or OTYPE with CALL")
			}
		}

		if x.Op() == ir.OCLOSURE {
			x := x.(*ir.ClosureExpr)
			// Need to save/duplicate x.Func.Nname,
			// x.Func.Nname.Ntype, x.Func.Dcl, x.Func.ClosureVars, and
			// x.Func.Body.
			oldfn := x.Func
			newfn := ir.NewFunc(oldfn.Pos())
			if oldfn.ClosureCalled() {
				newfn.SetClosureCalled(true)
			}
			newfn.SetIsHiddenClosure(true)
			m.(*ir.ClosureExpr).Func = newfn
			newsym := makeInstName(oldfn.Nname.Sym(), subst.targs)
			newfn.Nname = ir.NewNameAt(oldfn.Nname.Pos(), newsym)
			newfn.Nname.Func = newfn
			newfn.Nname.Defn = newfn
			ir.MarkFunc(newfn.Nname)
			newfn.OClosure = m.(*ir.ClosureExpr)

			saveNewf := subst.newf
			subst.newf = newfn
			newfn.Dcl = subst.namelist(oldfn.Dcl)
			newfn.ClosureVars = subst.namelist(oldfn.ClosureVars)
			newfn.Body = subst.list(oldfn.Body)
			subst.newf = saveNewf

			// Set Ntype for now to be compatible with later parts of compiler
			newfn.Nname.Ntype = subst.node(oldfn.Nname.Ntype).(ir.Ntype)
			typed(subst.typ(oldfn.Nname.Type()), newfn.Nname)
			newfn.SetTypecheck(1)
			subst.g.target.Decls = append(subst.g.target.Decls, newfn)
		}
		return m
	}

	return edit(n)
}

func (subst *subster) namelist(l []*ir.Name) []*ir.Name {
	s := make([]*ir.Name, len(l))
	for i, n := range l {
		s[i] = subst.node(n).(*ir.Name)
		if n.Defn != nil {
			s[i].Defn = subst.node(n.Defn)
		}
		if n.Outer != nil {
			s[i].Outer = subst.node(n.Outer).(*ir.Name)
		}
	}
	return s
}

func (subst *subster) list(l []ir.Node) []ir.Node {
	s := make([]ir.Node, len(l))
	for i, n := range l {
		s[i] = subst.node(n)
	}
	return s
}

// tstruct substitutes type params in types of the fields of a structure type. For
// each field, if Nname is set, tstruct also translates the Nname using subst.vars, if
// Nname is in subst.vars.
func (subst *subster) tstruct(t *types.Type) *types.Type {
	if t.NumFields() == 0 {
		return t
	}
	var newfields []*types.Field
	for i, f := range t.Fields().Slice() {
		t2 := subst.typ(f.Type)
		if (t2 != f.Type || f.Nname != nil) && newfields == nil {
			newfields = make([]*types.Field, t.NumFields())
			for j := 0; j < i; j++ {
				newfields[j] = t.Field(j)
			}
		}
		if newfields != nil {
			newfields[i] = types.NewField(f.Pos, f.Sym, t2)
			if f.Nname != nil {
				// f.Nname may not be in subst.vars[] if this is
				// a function name or a function instantiation type
				// that we are translating
				newfields[i].Nname = subst.vars[f.Nname.(*ir.Name)]
			}
		}
	}
	if newfields != nil {
		return types.NewStruct(t.Pkg(), newfields)
	}
	return t

}

// instTypeName creates a name for an instantiated type, based on the type args
func instTypeName(name string, targs []*types.Type) string {
	b := bytes.NewBufferString(name)
	b.WriteByte('[')
	for i, targ := range targs {
		if i > 0 {
			b.WriteByte(',')
		}
		b.WriteString(targ.String())
	}
	b.WriteByte(']')
	return b.String()
}

// typ computes the type obtained by substituting any type parameter in t with the
// corresponding type argument in subst. If t contains no type parameters, the
// result is t; otherwise the result is a new type.
// It deals with recursive types by using a map and TFORW types.
// TODO(danscales) deal with recursion besides ptr/struct cases.
func (subst *subster) typ(t *types.Type) *types.Type {
	if !t.HasTParam() {
		return t
	}
	if subst.seen[t] != nil {
		// We've hit a recursive type
		return subst.seen[t]
	}

	var newt *types.Type
	switch t.Kind() {
	case types.TTYPEPARAM:
		for i, tp := range subst.tparams {
			if tp.Type == t {
				return subst.targs[i].Type()
			}
		}
		return t

	case types.TARRAY:
		elem := t.Elem()
		newelem := subst.typ(elem)
		if newelem != elem {
			newt = types.NewArray(newelem, t.NumElem())
		}

	case types.TPTR:
		elem := t.Elem()
		// In order to deal with recursive generic types, create a TFORW
		// type initially and store it in the seen map, so it can be
		// accessed if this type appears recursively within the type.
		forw := types.New(types.TFORW)
		subst.seen[t] = forw
		newelem := subst.typ(elem)
		if newelem != elem {
			forw.SetUnderlying(types.NewPtr(newelem))
			newt = forw
		}
		delete(subst.seen, t)

	case types.TSLICE:
		elem := t.Elem()
		newelem := subst.typ(elem)
		if newelem != elem {
			newt = types.NewSlice(newelem)
		}

	case types.TSTRUCT:
		forw := types.New(types.TFORW)
		subst.seen[t] = forw
		newt = subst.tstruct(t)
		if newt != t {
			forw.SetUnderlying(newt)
			newt = forw
		}
		delete(subst.seen, t)

	case types.TFUNC:
		newrecvs := subst.tstruct(t.Recvs())
		newparams := subst.tstruct(t.Params())
		newresults := subst.tstruct(t.Results())
		if newrecvs != t.Recvs() || newparams != t.Params() || newresults != t.Results() {
			var newrecv *types.Field
			if newrecvs.NumFields() > 0 {
				newrecv = newrecvs.Field(0)
			}
			newt = types.NewSignature(t.Pkg(), newrecv, nil, newparams.FieldSlice(), newresults.FieldSlice())
		}

		// TODO: case TCHAN
		// TODO: case TMAP
		// TODO: case TINTER
	}
	if newt != nil {
		if t.Sym() != nil {
			// Since we've substituted types, we also need to change
			// the defined name of the type, by removing the old types
			// (in brackets) from the name, and adding the new types.

			// Translate the type params for this type according to
			// the tparam/targs mapping of the function.
			neededTargs := make([]*types.Type, len(t.RParams))
			for i, rparam := range t.RParams {
				neededTargs[i] = subst.typ(rparam)
			}
			oldname := t.Sym().Name
			i := strings.Index(oldname, "[")
			oldname = oldname[:i]
			sym := t.Sym().Pkg.Lookup(instTypeName(oldname, neededTargs))
			if sym.Def != nil {
				// We've already created this instantiated defined type.
				return sym.Def.Type()
			}
			newt.SetSym(sym)
			sym.Def = ir.TypeNode(newt)
		}
		return newt
	}

	return t
}

// fields sets the Nname field for the Field nodes inside a type signature, based
// on the corresponding in/out parameters in dcl. It depends on the in and out
// parameters being in order in dcl.
func (subst *subster) fields(class ir.Class, oldfields []*types.Field, dcl []*ir.Name) []*types.Field {
	newfields := make([]*types.Field, len(oldfields))
	var i int

	// Find the starting index in dcl of declarations of the class (either
	// PPARAM or PPARAMOUT).
	for i = range dcl {
		if dcl[i].Class == class {
			break
		}
	}

	// Create newfields nodes that are copies of the oldfields nodes, but
	// with substitution for any type params, and with Nname set to be the node in
	// Dcl for the corresponding PPARAM or PPARAMOUT.
	for j := range oldfields {
		newfields[j] = oldfields[j].Copy()
		newfields[j].Type = subst.typ(oldfields[j].Type)
		newfields[j].Nname = dcl[i]
		i++
	}
	return newfields
}