[release-branch.go1.25] crypto/x509: prevent HostnameError.Error() from consuming excessive resource

Constructing HostnameError.Error() takes O(N^2) runtime due to using a
string concatenation in a loop. Additionally, there is no limit on how
many names are included in the error message. As a result, a malicious
attacker could craft a certificate with an infinite amount of names to
unfairly consume resource.

To remediate this, we will now use strings.Builder to construct the
error message, preventing O(N^2) runtime. When a certificate has 100 or
more names, we will also not print each name individually.

Thanks to Philippe Antoine (Catena cyber) for reporting this issue.

Updates #76445
Fixes #76461
Fixes CVE-2025-61729

Change-Id: I6343776ec3289577abc76dad71766c491c1a7c81
Reviewed-on: https://go-internal-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/3000
Reviewed-by: Neal Patel <nealpatel@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Neil <dneil@google.com>
Reviewed-on: https://go-internal-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/3200
Reviewed-by: Roland Shoemaker <bracewell@google.com>
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/725800
TryBot-Bypass: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Mark Freeman <markfreeman@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>
2 files changed
tree: 8b617fd1406a57b62ef10d55e8a83894526a4305
  1. .github/
  2. api/
  3. doc/
  4. lib/
  5. misc/
  6. src/
  7. test/
  8. .gitattributes
  9. .gitignore
  10. codereview.cfg
  11. CONTRIBUTING.md
  12. go.env
  13. LICENSE
  14. PATENTS
  15. README.md
  16. SECURITY.md
  17. VERSION
README.md

The Go Programming Language

Go is an open source programming language that makes it easy to build simple, reliable, and efficient software.

Gopher image Gopher image by Renee French, licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution license.

Our canonical Git repository is located at https://go.googlesource.com/go. There is a mirror of the repository at https://github.com/golang/go.

Unless otherwise noted, the Go source files are distributed under the BSD-style license found in the LICENSE file.

Download and Install

Binary Distributions

Official binary distributions are available at https://go.dev/dl/.

After downloading a binary release, visit https://go.dev/doc/install for installation instructions.

Install From Source

If a binary distribution is not available for your combination of operating system and architecture, visit https://go.dev/doc/install/source for source installation instructions.

Contributing

Go is the work of thousands of contributors. We appreciate your help!

To contribute, please read the contribution guidelines at https://go.dev/doc/contribute.

Note that the Go project uses the issue tracker for bug reports and proposals only. See https://go.dev/wiki/Questions for a list of places to ask questions about the Go language.