src/cmd/link/internal/ld/pe.go

// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// PE (Portable Executable) file writing
// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format

package ld

import (
	"bytes"
	"cmd/internal/objabi"
	"cmd/internal/sys"
	"cmd/link/internal/loader"
	"cmd/link/internal/sym"
	"debug/pe"
	"encoding/binary"
	"fmt"
	"internal/buildcfg"
	"math"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"slices"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

type IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR struct {
	OriginalFirstThunk uint32
	TimeDateStamp      uint32
	ForwarderChain     uint32
	Name               uint32
	FirstThunk         uint32
}

type IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY struct {
	Characteristics       uint32
	TimeDateStamp         uint32
	MajorVersion          uint16
	MinorVersion          uint16
	Name                  uint32
	Base                  uint32
	NumberOfFunctions     uint32
	NumberOfNames         uint32
	AddressOfFunctions    uint32
	AddressOfNames        uint32
	AddressOfNameOrdinals uint32
}

var (
	// PEBASE is the base address for the executable.
	// It is small for 32-bit and large for 64-bit.
	PEBASE int64

	// SectionAlignment must be greater than or equal to FileAlignment.
	// The default is the page size for the architecture.
	PESECTALIGN int64 = 0x1000

	// FileAlignment should be a power of 2 between 512 and 64 K, inclusive.
	// The default is 512. If the SectionAlignment is less than
	// the architecture's page size, then FileAlignment must match SectionAlignment.
	PEFILEALIGN int64 = 2 << 8
)

const (
	IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE               = 0x00000020
	IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA   = 0x00000040
	IMAGE_SCN_CNT_UNINITIALIZED_DATA = 0x00000080
	IMAGE_SCN_LNK_OTHER              = 0x00000100
	IMAGE_SCN_LNK_INFO               = 0x00000200
	IMAGE_SCN_LNK_REMOVE             = 0x00000800
	IMAGE_SCN_LNK_COMDAT             = 0x00001000
	IMAGE_SCN_GPREL                  = 0x00008000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_PURGEABLE          = 0x00020000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_16BIT              = 0x00020000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_LOCKED             = 0x00040000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_PRELOAD            = 0x00080000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_1BYTES           = 0x00100000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_2BYTES           = 0x00200000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_4BYTES           = 0x00300000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_8BYTES           = 0x00400000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_16BYTES          = 0x00500000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_32BYTES          = 0x00600000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_64BYTES          = 0x00700000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_128BYTES         = 0x00800000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_256BYTES         = 0x00900000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_512BYTES         = 0x00A00000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_1024BYTES        = 0x00B00000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_2048BYTES        = 0x00C00000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_4096BYTES        = 0x00D00000
	IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_8192BYTES        = 0x00E00000
	IMAGE_SCN_LNK_NRELOC_OVFL        = 0x01000000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE        = 0x02000000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_NOT_CACHED         = 0x04000000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_NOT_PAGED          = 0x08000000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_SHARED             = 0x10000000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE            = 0x20000000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ               = 0x40000000
	IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE              = 0x80000000
)

// See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format.
// TODO(crawshaw): add these constants to debug/pe.
const (
	IMAGE_SYM_TYPE_NULL      = 0
	IMAGE_SYM_TYPE_STRUCT    = 8
	IMAGE_SYM_DTYPE_FUNCTION = 2
	IMAGE_SYM_DTYPE_ARRAY    = 3
	IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_EXTERNAL = 2
	IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_STATIC   = 3

	IMAGE_REL_I386_DIR32   = 0x0006
	IMAGE_REL_I386_DIR32NB = 0x0007
	IMAGE_REL_I386_SECREL  = 0x000B
	IMAGE_REL_I386_REL32   = 0x0014

	IMAGE_REL_AMD64_ADDR64   = 0x0001
	IMAGE_REL_AMD64_ADDR32   = 0x0002
	IMAGE_REL_AMD64_ADDR32NB = 0x0003
	IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32    = 0x0004
	IMAGE_REL_AMD64_SECREL   = 0x000B

	IMAGE_REL_ARM_ABSOLUTE = 0x0000
	IMAGE_REL_ARM_ADDR32   = 0x0001
	IMAGE_REL_ARM_ADDR32NB = 0x0002
	IMAGE_REL_ARM_BRANCH24 = 0x0003
	IMAGE_REL_ARM_BRANCH11 = 0x0004
	IMAGE_REL_ARM_SECREL   = 0x000F

	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_ABSOLUTE       = 0x0000
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_ADDR32         = 0x0001
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_ADDR32NB       = 0x0002
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_BRANCH26       = 0x0003
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_PAGEBASE_REL21 = 0x0004
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_REL21          = 0x0005
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_PAGEOFFSET_12A = 0x0006
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_PAGEOFFSET_12L = 0x0007
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_SECREL         = 0x0008
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_SECREL_LOW12A  = 0x0009
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_SECREL_HIGH12A = 0x000A
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_SECREL_LOW12L  = 0x000B
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_TOKEN          = 0x000C
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_SECTION        = 0x000D
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_ADDR64         = 0x000E
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_BRANCH19       = 0x000F
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_BRANCH14       = 0x0010
	IMAGE_REL_ARM64_REL32          = 0x0011

	IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHLOW = 3
	IMAGE_REL_BASED_DIR64   = 10
)

// IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY64.GuardFlags and IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY32.GuardFlags
// values. These can be combined together.
const (
	IMAGE_GUARD_CF_INSTRUMENTED                    = 0x00000100 // Module performs control flow integrity checks using system-supplied support
	IMAGE_GUARD_CFW_INSTRUMENTED                   = 0x00000200 // Module performs control flow and write integrity checks
	IMAGE_GUARD_CF_FUNCTION_TABLE_PRESENT          = 0x00000400 // Module contains valid control flow target metadata
	IMAGE_GUARD_SECURITY_COOKIE_UNUSED             = 0x00000800 // Module does not make use of the /GS security cookie
	IMAGE_GUARD_PROTECT_DELAYLOAD_IAT              = 0x00001000 // Module supports read only delay load IAT
	IMAGE_GUARD_DELAYLOAD_IAT_IN_ITS_OWN_SECTION   = 0x00002000 // Delayload import table in its own .didat section (with nothing else in it) that can be freely reprotected
	IMAGE_GUARD_CF_EXPORT_SUPPRESSION_INFO_PRESENT = 0x00004000 // Module contains suppressed export information
	IMAGE_GUARD_CF_ENABLE_EXPORT_SUPPRESSION       = 0x00008000 // Module enables suppression of exports
	IMAGE_GUARD_CF_LONGJUMP_TABLE_PRESENT          = 0x00010000 // Module contains longjmp target information
	IMAGE_GUARD_RF_INSTRUMENTED                    = 0x00020000 // Module contains return flow instrumentation and metadata
	IMAGE_GUARD_RF_ENABLE                          = 0x00040000 // Module requests that the OS enable return flow protection
	IMAGE_GUARD_RF_STRICT                          = 0x00080000 // Module requests that the OS enable return flow protection in strict mode
	IMAGE_GUARD_CF_FUNCTION_TABLE_SIZE_MASK        = 0xF0000000 // Stride of Guard CF function table encoded in these bits (additional count of bytes per element)
	IMAGE_GUARD_CF_FUNCTION_TABLE_SIZE_SHIFT       = 28         // Shift to right-justify Guard CF function table stride
)

type IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_CODE_INTEGRITY struct {
	Flags         uint16
	Catalog       uint16
	CatalogOffset uint32
	Reserved      uint32
}

type IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY32 struct {
	Size                                     uint32
	TimeDateStamp                            uint32
	MajorVersion                             uint16
	MinorVersion                             uint16
	GlobalFlagsClear                         uint32
	GlobalFlagsSet                           uint32
	CriticalSectionDefaultTimeout            uint32
	DeCommitFreeBlockThreshold               uint32
	DeCommitTotalFreeThreshold               uint32
	LockPrefixTable                          uint32
	MaximumAllocationSize                    uint32
	VirtualMemoryThreshold                   uint32
	ProcessHeapFlags                         uint32
	ProcessAffinityMask                      uint32
	CSDVersion                               uint16
	DependentLoadFlags                       uint16
	EditList                                 uint32
	SecurityCookie                           uint32
	SEHandlerTable                           uint32
	SEHandlerCount                           uint32
	GuardCFCheckFunctionPointer              uint32
	GuardCFDispatchFunctionPointer           uint32
	GuardCFFunctionTable                     uint32
	GuardCFFunctionCount                     uint32
	GuardFlags                               uint32
	CodeIntegrity                            IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_CODE_INTEGRITY
	GuardAddressTakenIatEntryTable           uint32
	GuardAddressTakenIatEntryCount           uint32
	GuardLongJumpTargetTable                 uint32
	GuardLongJumpTargetCount                 uint32
	DynamicValueRelocTable                   uint32
	CHPEMetadataPointer                      uint32
	GuardRFFailureRoutine                    uint32
	GuardRFFailureRoutineFunctionPointer     uint32
	DynamicValueRelocTableOffset             uint32
	DynamicValueRelocTableSection            uint16
	Reserved2                                uint16
	GuardRFVerifyStackPointerFunctionPointer uint32
	HotPatchTableOffset                      uint32
	Reserved3                                uint32
	EnclaveConfigurationPointer              uint32
	VolatileMetadataPointer                  uint32
	GuardEHContinuationTable                 uint32
	GuardEHContinuationCount                 uint32
	GuardXFGCheckFunctionPointer             uint32
	GuardXFGDispatchFunctionPointer          uint32
	GuardXFGTableDispatchFunctionPointer     uint32
	CastGuardOsDeterminedFailureMode         uint32
	GuardMemcpyFunctionPointer               uint32
}

type IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY64 struct {
	Size                                     uint32
	TimeDateStamp                            uint32
	MajorVersion                             uint16
	MinorVersion                             uint16
	GlobalFlagsClear                         uint32
	GlobalFlagsSet                           uint32
	CriticalSectionDefaultTimeout            uint32
	DeCommitFreeBlockThreshold               uint64
	DeCommitTotalFreeThreshold               uint64
	LockPrefixTable                          uint64
	MaximumAllocationSize                    uint64
	VirtualMemoryThreshold                   uint64
	ProcessAffinityMask                      uint64
	ProcessHeapFlags                         uint32
	CSDVersion                               uint16
	DependentLoadFlags                       uint16
	EditList                                 uint64
	SecurityCookie                           uint64
	SEHandlerTable                           uint64
	SEHandlerCount                           uint64
	GuardCFCheckFunctionPointer              uint64
	GuardCFDispatchFunctionPointer           uint64
	GuardCFFunctionTable                     uint64
	GuardCFFunctionCount                     uint64
	GuardFlags                               uint32
	CodeIntegrity                            IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_CODE_INTEGRITY
	GuardAddressTakenIatEntryTable           uint64
	GuardAddressTakenIatEntryCount           uint64
	GuardLongJumpTargetTable                 uint64
	GuardLongJumpTargetCount                 uint64
	DynamicValueRelocTable                   uint64
	CHPEMetadataPointer                      uint64
	GuardRFFailureRoutine                    uint64
	GuardRFFailureRoutineFunctionPointer     uint64
	DynamicValueRelocTableOffset             uint32
	DynamicValueRelocTableSection            uint16
	Reserved2                                uint16
	GuardRFVerifyStackPointerFunctionPointer uint64
	HotPatchTableOffset                      uint32
	Reserved3                                uint32
	EnclaveConfigurationPointer              uint64
	VolatileMetadataPointer                  uint64
	GuardEHContinuationTable                 uint64
	GuardEHContinuationCount                 uint64
	GuardXFGCheckFunctionPointer             uint64
	GuardXFGDispatchFunctionPointer          uint64
	GuardXFGTableDispatchFunctionPointer     uint64
	CastGuardOsDeterminedFailureMode         uint64
	GuardMemcpyFunctionPointer               uint64
}

const (
	PeMinimumTargetMajorVersion = 10
	PeMinimumTargetMinorVersion = 0
)

// DOS stub that prints out
// "This program cannot be run in DOS mode."
// See IMAGE_DOS_HEADER in the Windows SDK for the format of the header used here.
var dosstub = []uint8{
	0x4d,
	0x5a,
	0x90,
	0x00,
	0x03,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x04,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0xff,
	0xff,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x8b,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x40,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x80,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x0e,
	0x1f,
	0xba,
	0x0e,
	0x00,
	0xb4,
	0x09,
	0xcd,
	0x21,
	0xb8,
	0x01,
	0x4c,
	0xcd,
	0x21,
	0x54,
	0x68,
	0x69,
	0x73,
	0x20,
	0x70,
	0x72,
	0x6f,
	0x67,
	0x72,
	0x61,
	0x6d,
	0x20,
	0x63,
	0x61,
	0x6e,
	0x6e,
	0x6f,
	0x74,
	0x20,
	0x62,
	0x65,
	0x20,
	0x72,
	0x75,
	0x6e,
	0x20,
	0x69,
	0x6e,
	0x20,
	0x44,
	0x4f,
	0x53,
	0x20,
	0x6d,
	0x6f,
	0x64,
	0x65,
	0x2e,
	0x0d,
	0x0d,
	0x0a,
	0x24,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
	0x00,
}

type Imp struct {
	s       loader.Sym
	off     uint64
	next    *Imp
	argsize int
}

type Dll struct {
	name     string
	nameoff  uint64
	thunkoff uint64
	ms       *Imp
	next     *Dll
}

var (
	rsrcsyms    []loader.Sym
	PESECTHEADR int32
	PEFILEHEADR int32
	pe64        bool
	dr          *Dll

	dexport []loader.Sym
)

// peStringTable is a COFF string table.
type peStringTable struct {
	strings    []string
	stringsLen int
}

// size returns size of string table t.
func (t *peStringTable) size() int {
	// string table starts with 4-byte length at the beginning
	return t.stringsLen + 4
}

// add adds string str to string table t.
func (t *peStringTable) add(str string) int {
	off := t.size()
	t.strings = append(t.strings, str)
	t.stringsLen += len(str) + 1 // each string will have 0 appended to it
	return off
}

// write writes string table t into the output file.
func (t *peStringTable) write(out *OutBuf) {
	out.Write32(uint32(t.size()))
	for _, s := range t.strings {
		out.WriteString(s)
		out.Write8(0)
	}
}

// peSection represents section from COFF section table.
type peSection struct {
	name                 string
	shortName            string
	index                int // one-based index into the Section Table
	virtualSize          uint32
	virtualAddress       uint32
	sizeOfRawData        uint32
	pointerToRawData     uint32
	pointerToRelocations uint32
	numberOfRelocations  uint16
	characteristics      uint32
}

// checkOffset verifies COFF section sect offset in the file.
func (sect *peSection) checkOffset(off int64) {
	if off != int64(sect.pointerToRawData) {
		Errorf("%s.PointerToRawData = %#x, want %#x", sect.name, uint64(int64(sect.pointerToRawData)), uint64(off))
		errorexit()
	}
}

// checkSegment verifies COFF section sect matches address
// and file offset provided in segment seg.
func (sect *peSection) checkSegment(seg *sym.Segment) {
	if seg.Vaddr-uint64(PEBASE) != uint64(sect.virtualAddress) {
		Errorf("%s.VirtualAddress = %#x, want %#x", sect.name, uint64(int64(sect.virtualAddress)), uint64(int64(seg.Vaddr-uint64(PEBASE))))
		errorexit()
	}
	if seg.Fileoff != uint64(sect.pointerToRawData) {
		Errorf("%s.PointerToRawData = %#x, want %#x", sect.name, uint64(int64(sect.pointerToRawData)), uint64(int64(seg.Fileoff)))
		errorexit()
	}
}

// pad adds zeros to the section sect. It writes as many bytes
// as necessary to make section sect.SizeOfRawData bytes long.
// It assumes that n bytes are already written to the file.
func (sect *peSection) pad(out *OutBuf, n uint32) {
	out.WriteStringN("", int(sect.sizeOfRawData-n))
}

// write writes COFF section sect into the output file.
func (sect *peSection) write(out *OutBuf, linkmode LinkMode) error {
	h := pe.SectionHeader32{
		VirtualSize:          sect.virtualSize,
		SizeOfRawData:        sect.sizeOfRawData,
		PointerToRawData:     sect.pointerToRawData,
		PointerToRelocations: sect.pointerToRelocations,
		NumberOfRelocations:  sect.numberOfRelocations,
		Characteristics:      sect.characteristics,
	}
	if linkmode != LinkExternal {
		h.VirtualAddress = sect.virtualAddress
	}
	copy(h.Name[:], sect.shortName)
	return binary.Write(out, binary.LittleEndian, h)
}

// emitRelocations emits the relocation entries for the sect.
// The actual relocations are emitted by relocfn.
// This updates the corresponding PE section table entry
// with the relocation offset and count.
func (sect *peSection) emitRelocations(out *OutBuf, relocfn func() int) {
	sect.pointerToRelocations = uint32(out.Offset())
	// first entry: extended relocs
	out.Write32(0) // placeholder for number of relocation + 1
	out.Write32(0)
	out.Write16(0)

	n := relocfn() + 1

	cpos := out.Offset()
	out.SeekSet(int64(sect.pointerToRelocations))
	out.Write32(uint32(n))
	out.SeekSet(cpos)
	if n > 0x10000 {
		n = 0x10000
		sect.characteristics |= IMAGE_SCN_LNK_NRELOC_OVFL
	} else {
		sect.pointerToRelocations += 10 // skip the extend reloc entry
	}
	sect.numberOfRelocations = uint16(n - 1)
}

// peFile is used to build COFF file.
type peFile struct {
	sections       []*peSection
	stringTable    peStringTable
	textSect       *peSection
	rdataSect      *peSection
	dataSect       *peSection
	bssSect        *peSection
	ctorsSect      *peSection
	pdataSect      *peSection
	xdataSect      *peSection
	nextSectOffset uint32
	nextFileOffset uint32
	symtabOffset   int64 // offset to the start of symbol table
	symbolCount    int   // number of symbol table records written
	dataDirectory  [16]pe.DataDirectory
}

// addSection adds section to the COFF file f.
func (f *peFile) addSection(name string, sectsize int, filesize int) *peSection {
	sect := &peSection{
		name:             name,
		shortName:        name,
		index:            len(f.sections) + 1,
		virtualAddress:   f.nextSectOffset,
		pointerToRawData: f.nextFileOffset,
	}
	f.nextSectOffset = uint32(Rnd(int64(f.nextSectOffset)+int64(sectsize), PESECTALIGN))
	if filesize > 0 {
		sect.virtualSize = uint32(sectsize)
		sect.sizeOfRawData = uint32(Rnd(int64(filesize), PEFILEALIGN))
		f.nextFileOffset += sect.sizeOfRawData
	} else {
		sect.sizeOfRawData = uint32(sectsize)
	}
	f.sections = append(f.sections, sect)
	return sect
}

// addDWARFSection adds DWARF section to the COFF file f.
// This function is similar to addSection, but DWARF section names are
// longer than 8 characters, so they need to be stored in the string table.
func (f *peFile) addDWARFSection(name string, size int) *peSection {
	if size == 0 {
		Exitf("DWARF section %q is empty", name)
	}
	// DWARF section names are longer than 8 characters.
	// PE format requires such names to be stored in string table,
	// and section names replaced with slash (/) followed by
	// correspondent string table index.
	// see http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/platform/firmware/PECOFFdwn.mspx
	// for details
	off := f.stringTable.add(name)
	h := f.addSection(name, size, size)
	h.shortName = fmt.Sprintf("/%d", off)
	h.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_1BYTES | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA
	return h
}

// addDWARF adds DWARF information to the COFF file f.
func (f *peFile) addDWARF() {
	if *FlagW { // disable dwarf
		return
	}
	for _, sect := range Segdwarf.Sections {
		h := f.addDWARFSection(sect.Name, int(sect.Length))
		fileoff := sect.Vaddr - Segdwarf.Vaddr + Segdwarf.Fileoff
		if uint64(h.pointerToRawData) != fileoff {
			Exitf("%s.PointerToRawData = %#x, want %#x", sect.Name, h.pointerToRawData, fileoff)
		}
	}
}

// addSEH adds SEH information to the COFF file f.
func (f *peFile) addSEH(ctxt *Link) {
	// .pdata section can exist without the .xdata section.
	// .xdata section depends on the .pdata section.
	if Segpdata.Length == 0 {
		return
	}
	d := pefile.addSection(".pdata", int(Segpdata.Length), int(Segpdata.Length))
	d.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ
	if ctxt.LinkMode == LinkExternal {
		// Some gcc versions don't honor the default alignment for the .pdata section.
		d.characteristics |= IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_4BYTES
	}
	pefile.pdataSect = d
	d.checkSegment(&Segpdata)
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXCEPTION].VirtualAddress = d.virtualAddress
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXCEPTION].Size = d.virtualSize

	if Segxdata.Length > 0 {
		d = pefile.addSection(".xdata", int(Segxdata.Length), int(Segxdata.Length))
		d.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ
		if ctxt.LinkMode == LinkExternal {
			// Some gcc versions don't honor the default alignment for the .xdata section.
			d.characteristics |= IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_4BYTES
		}
		pefile.xdataSect = d
		d.checkSegment(&Segxdata)
	}
}

// addInitArray adds .ctors COFF section to the file f.
func (f *peFile) addInitArray(ctxt *Link) *peSection {
	// The size below was determined by the specification for array relocations,
	// and by observing what GCC writes here. If the initarray section grows to
	// contain more than one constructor entry, the size will need to be 8 * constructor_count.
	// However, the entire Go runtime is initialized from just one function, so it is unlikely
	// that this will need to grow in the future.
	var size int
	var alignment uint32
	if pe64 {
		size = 8
		alignment = IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_8BYTES
	} else {
		size = 4
		alignment = IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_4BYTES
	}
	sect := f.addSection(".ctors", size, size)
	sect.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE | alignment
	sect.sizeOfRawData = uint32(size)
	ctxt.Out.SeekSet(int64(sect.pointerToRawData))
	sect.checkOffset(ctxt.Out.Offset())

	init_entry := ctxt.loader.Lookup(*flagEntrySymbol, 0)
	addr := uint64(ctxt.loader.SymValue(init_entry)) - ctxt.loader.SymSect(init_entry).Vaddr
	if pe64 {
		ctxt.Out.Write64(addr)
	} else {
		ctxt.Out.Write32(uint32(addr))
	}
	return sect
}

// emitRelocations emits relocation entries for go.o in external linking.
func (f *peFile) emitRelocations(ctxt *Link) {
	for ctxt.Out.Offset()&7 != 0 {
		ctxt.Out.Write8(0)
	}

	ldr := ctxt.loader

	// relocsect relocates symbols from first in section sect, and returns
	// the total number of relocations emitted.
	relocsect := func(sect *sym.Section, syms []loader.Sym, base uint64) int {
		// If main section has no bits, nothing to relocate.
		if sect.Vaddr >= sect.Seg.Vaddr+sect.Seg.Filelen {
			return 0
		}
		sect.Reloff = uint64(ctxt.Out.Offset())
		for i, s := range syms {
			if !ldr.AttrReachable(s) {
				continue
			}
			if uint64(ldr.SymValue(s)) >= sect.Vaddr {
				syms = syms[i:]
				break
			}
		}
		eaddr := int64(sect.Vaddr + sect.Length)
		for _, s := range syms {
			if !ldr.AttrReachable(s) {
				continue
			}
			if ldr.SymValue(s) >= eaddr {
				break
			}
			// Compute external relocations on the go, and pass to PEreloc1
			// to stream out.
			relocs := ldr.Relocs(s)
			for ri := 0; ri < relocs.Count(); ri++ {
				r := relocs.At(ri)
				rr, ok := extreloc(ctxt, ldr, s, r)
				if !ok {
					continue
				}
				if rr.Xsym == 0 {
					ctxt.Errorf(s, "missing xsym in relocation")
					continue
				}
				if ldr.SymDynid(rr.Xsym) < 0 {
					ctxt.Errorf(s, "reloc %d to non-coff symbol %s (outer=%s) %d", r.Type(), ldr.SymName(r.Sym()), ldr.SymName(rr.Xsym), ldr.SymType(r.Sym()))
				}
				if !thearch.PEreloc1(ctxt.Arch, ctxt.Out, ldr, s, rr, int64(uint64(ldr.SymValue(s)+int64(r.Off()))-base)) {
					ctxt.Errorf(s, "unsupported obj reloc %v/%d to %s", r.Type(), r.Siz(), ldr.SymName(r.Sym()))
				}
			}
		}
		sect.Rellen = uint64(ctxt.Out.Offset()) - sect.Reloff
		const relocLen = 4 + 4 + 2
		return int(sect.Rellen / relocLen)
	}

	type relsect struct {
		peSect *peSection
		seg    *sym.Segment
		syms   []loader.Sym
	}
	sects := []relsect{
		{f.textSect, &Segtext, ctxt.Textp},
		{f.rdataSect, &Segrodata, ctxt.datap},
		{f.dataSect, &Segdata, ctxt.datap},
	}
	if len(sehp.pdata) != 0 {
		sects = append(sects, relsect{f.pdataSect, &Segpdata, sehp.pdata})
	}
	if len(sehp.xdata) != 0 {
		sects = append(sects, relsect{f.xdataSect, &Segxdata, sehp.xdata})
	}
	for _, s := range sects {
		s.peSect.emitRelocations(ctxt.Out, func() int {
			var n int
			for _, sect := range s.seg.Sections {
				n += relocsect(sect, s.syms, s.seg.Vaddr)
			}
			return n
		})
	}

dwarfLoop:
	for i := 0; i < len(Segdwarf.Sections); i++ {
		sect := Segdwarf.Sections[i]
		si := dwarfp[i]
		if si.secSym() != sect.Sym ||
			ldr.SymSect(si.secSym()) != sect {
			panic("inconsistency between dwarfp and Segdwarf")
		}
		for _, pesect := range f.sections {
			if sect.Name == pesect.name {
				pesect.emitRelocations(ctxt.Out, func() int {
					return relocsect(sect, si.syms, sect.Vaddr)
				})
				continue dwarfLoop
			}
		}
		Errorf("emitRelocations: could not find %q section", sect.Name)
	}

	if f.ctorsSect == nil {
		return
	}

	f.ctorsSect.emitRelocations(ctxt.Out, func() int {
		dottext := ldr.Lookup(".text", 0)
		ctxt.Out.Write32(0)
		ctxt.Out.Write32(uint32(ldr.SymDynid(dottext)))
		switch buildcfg.GOARCH {
		default:
			ctxt.Errorf(dottext, "unknown architecture for PE: %q\n", buildcfg.GOARCH)
		case "386":
			ctxt.Out.Write16(IMAGE_REL_I386_DIR32)
		case "amd64":
			ctxt.Out.Write16(IMAGE_REL_AMD64_ADDR64)
		case "arm":
			ctxt.Out.Write16(IMAGE_REL_ARM_ADDR32)
		case "arm64":
			ctxt.Out.Write16(IMAGE_REL_ARM64_ADDR64)
		}
		return 1
	})
}

// writeSymbol appends symbol s to file f symbol table.
// It also sets s.Dynid to written symbol number.
func (f *peFile) writeSymbol(out *OutBuf, ldr *loader.Loader, s loader.Sym, name string, value int64, sectidx int, typ uint16, class uint8) {
	if len(name) > 8 {
		out.Write32(0)
		out.Write32(uint32(f.stringTable.add(name)))
	} else {
		out.WriteStringN(name, 8)
	}
	out.Write32(uint32(value))
	out.Write16(uint16(sectidx))
	out.Write16(typ)
	out.Write8(class)
	out.Write8(0) // no aux entries

	ldr.SetSymDynid(s, int32(f.symbolCount))

	f.symbolCount++
}

// mapToPESection searches peFile f for s symbol's location.
// It returns PE section index, and offset within that section.
func (f *peFile) mapToPESection(ldr *loader.Loader, s loader.Sym, linkmode LinkMode) (pesectidx int, offset int64, err error) {
	sect := ldr.SymSect(s)
	if sect == nil {
		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("could not map %s symbol with no section", ldr.SymName(s))
	}
	if sect.Seg == &Segtext {
		return f.textSect.index, int64(uint64(ldr.SymValue(s)) - Segtext.Vaddr), nil
	}
	if sect.Seg == &Segrodata {
		return f.rdataSect.index, int64(uint64(ldr.SymValue(s)) - Segrodata.Vaddr), nil
	}
	if sect.Seg != &Segdata {
		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("could not map %s symbol with non .text or .rdata or .data section", ldr.SymName(s))
	}
	v := uint64(ldr.SymValue(s)) - Segdata.Vaddr
	if linkmode != LinkExternal {
		return f.dataSect.index, int64(v), nil
	}
	if ldr.SymType(s).IsDATA() {
		return f.dataSect.index, int64(v), nil
	}
	// Note: although address of runtime.edata (type sym.SDATA) is at the start of .bss section
	// it still belongs to the .data section, not the .bss section.
	if v < Segdata.Filelen {
		return f.dataSect.index, int64(v), nil
	}
	return f.bssSect.index, int64(v - Segdata.Filelen), nil
}

var isLabel = make(map[loader.Sym]bool)

func AddPELabelSym(ldr *loader.Loader, s loader.Sym) {
	isLabel[s] = true
}

// writeSymbols writes all COFF symbol table records.
func (f *peFile) writeSymbols(ctxt *Link) {
	ldr := ctxt.loader
	addsym := func(s loader.Sym) {
		t := ldr.SymType(s)
		if ldr.SymSect(s) == nil && t != sym.SDYNIMPORT && t != sym.SHOSTOBJ && t != sym.SUNDEFEXT {
			return
		}

		name := ldr.SymName(s)

		// Only windows/386 requires underscore prefix on external symbols.
		if ctxt.Is386() && ctxt.IsExternal() &&
			(t == sym.SHOSTOBJ || t == sym.SUNDEFEXT || ldr.AttrCgoExport(s) ||
				// TODO(cuonglm): remove this hack
				//
				// Previously, windows/386 requires underscore prefix on external symbols,
				// but that's only applied for SHOSTOBJ/SUNDEFEXT or cgo export symbols.
				// "go.buildid" is STEXT, "type.*" is STYPE, thus they are not prefixed
				// with underscore.
				//
				// In external linking mode, the external linker can't resolve them as
				// external symbols. But we are lucky that they have "." in their name,
				// so the external linker see them as Forwarder RVA exports. See:
				//
				//  - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format#export-address-table
				//  - https://sourceware.org/git/?p=binutils-gdb.git;a=blob;f=ld/pe-dll.c;h=e7b82ba6ffadf74dc1b9ee71dc13d48336941e51;hb=HEAD#l972
				//
				// CL 317917 changes "." to ":" in symbols name, so these symbols can not be
				// found by external linker anymore. So a hacky way is adding the
				// underscore prefix for these 2 symbols. I don't have enough knowledge to
				// verify whether adding the underscore for all STEXT/STYPE symbols are
				// fine, even if it could be, that would be done in future CL.
				name == "go:buildid" || name == "type:*") {
			name = "_" + name
		}

		name = mangleABIName(ctxt, ldr, s, name)

		var peSymType uint16 = IMAGE_SYM_TYPE_NULL
		switch {
		case t.IsText(), t == sym.SDYNIMPORT, t == sym.SHOSTOBJ, t == sym.SUNDEFEXT:
			// Microsoft's PE documentation is contradictory. It says that the symbol's complex type
			// is stored in the pesym.Type most significant byte, but MSVC, LLVM, and mingw store it
			// in the 4 high bits of the less significant byte. Also, the PE documentation says that
			// the basic type for a function should be IMAGE_SYM_TYPE_VOID,
			// but the reality is that it uses IMAGE_SYM_TYPE_NULL instead.
			peSymType = IMAGE_SYM_DTYPE_FUNCTION<<4 + IMAGE_SYM_TYPE_NULL
		}
		sect, value, err := f.mapToPESection(ldr, s, ctxt.LinkMode)
		if err != nil {
			switch t {
			case sym.SDYNIMPORT, sym.SHOSTOBJ, sym.SUNDEFEXT:
			default:
				ctxt.Errorf(s, "addpesym: %v", err)
			}
		}
		class := IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_EXTERNAL
		if ldr.IsFileLocal(s) || ldr.AttrVisibilityHidden(s) || ldr.AttrLocal(s) {
			class = IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_STATIC
		}
		f.writeSymbol(ctxt.Out, ldr, s, name, value, sect, peSymType, uint8(class))
	}

	if ctxt.LinkMode == LinkExternal {
		// Include section symbols as external, because
		// .ctors and .debug_* section relocations refer to it.
		for _, pesect := range f.sections {
			s := ldr.LookupOrCreateSym(pesect.name, 0)
			f.writeSymbol(ctxt.Out, ldr, s, pesect.name, 0, pesect.index, IMAGE_SYM_TYPE_NULL, IMAGE_SYM_CLASS_STATIC)
		}
	}

	// Add special runtime.text and runtime.etext symbols.
	s := ldr.Lookup("runtime.text", 0)
	if ldr.SymType(s).IsText() {
		addsym(s)
	}
	s = ldr.Lookup("runtime.etext", 0)
	if ldr.SymType(s).IsText() {
		addsym(s)
	}

	// Add text symbols.
	for _, s := range ctxt.Textp {
		addsym(s)
	}

	shouldBeInSymbolTable := func(s loader.Sym) bool {
		if ldr.AttrNotInSymbolTable(s) {
			return false
		}
		name := ldr.SymName(s) // TODO: try not to read the name
		if name == "" || name[0] == '.' {
			return false
		}
		return true
	}

	// Add data symbols and external references.
	for s := loader.Sym(1); s < loader.Sym(ldr.NSym()); s++ {
		if !ldr.AttrReachable(s) {
			continue
		}
		t := ldr.SymType(s)
		if t >= sym.SELFRXSECT && t < sym.SFirstUnallocated { // data sections handled in dodata
			if t == sym.STLSBSS {
				continue
			}
			if !shouldBeInSymbolTable(s) {
				continue
			}
			addsym(s)
		}

		switch t {
		case sym.SDYNIMPORT, sym.SHOSTOBJ, sym.SUNDEFEXT:
			addsym(s)
		default:
			if len(isLabel) > 0 && isLabel[s] {
				addsym(s)
			}
		}
	}
}

// writeSymbolTableAndStringTable writes out symbol and string tables for peFile f.
func (f *peFile) writeSymbolTableAndStringTable(ctxt *Link) {
	f.symtabOffset = ctxt.Out.Offset()

	// write COFF symbol table
	if !*FlagS || ctxt.LinkMode == LinkExternal {
		f.writeSymbols(ctxt)
	}

	// update COFF file header and section table
	size := f.stringTable.size() + 18*f.symbolCount
	var h *peSection
	if ctxt.LinkMode != LinkExternal {
		// We do not really need .symtab for go.o, and if we have one, ld
		// will also include it in the exe, and that will confuse windows.
		h = f.addSection(".symtab", size, size)
		h.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE
		h.checkOffset(f.symtabOffset)
	}

	// write COFF string table
	f.stringTable.write(ctxt.Out)
	if ctxt.LinkMode != LinkExternal {
		h.pad(ctxt.Out, uint32(size))
	}
}

// writeFileHeader writes COFF file header for peFile f.
func (f *peFile) writeFileHeader(ctxt *Link) {
	var fh pe.FileHeader

	switch ctxt.Arch.Family {
	default:
		Exitf("unknown PE architecture: %v", ctxt.Arch.Family)
	case sys.AMD64:
		fh.Machine = pe.IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64
	case sys.I386:
		fh.Machine = pe.IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386
	case sys.ARM64:
		fh.Machine = pe.IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ARM64
	}

	fh.NumberOfSections = uint16(len(f.sections))

	// Being able to produce identical output for identical input is
	// much more beneficial than having build timestamp in the header.
	fh.TimeDateStamp = 0

	if ctxt.LinkMode != LinkExternal {
		fh.Characteristics = pe.IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE
		switch ctxt.Arch.Family {
		case sys.AMD64, sys.I386:
			if ctxt.BuildMode != BuildModePIE {
				fh.Characteristics |= pe.IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED
			}
		}
	}
	if pe64 {
		var oh64 pe.OptionalHeader64
		fh.SizeOfOptionalHeader = uint16(binary.Size(&oh64))
		fh.Characteristics |= pe.IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE
	} else {
		var oh pe.OptionalHeader32
		fh.SizeOfOptionalHeader = uint16(binary.Size(&oh))
		fh.Characteristics |= pe.IMAGE_FILE_32BIT_MACHINE
	}

	fh.PointerToSymbolTable = uint32(f.symtabOffset)
	fh.NumberOfSymbols = uint32(f.symbolCount)

	binary.Write(ctxt.Out, binary.LittleEndian, &fh)
}

// writeOptionalHeader writes COFF optional header for peFile f.
func (f *peFile) writeOptionalHeader(ctxt *Link) {
	var oh pe.OptionalHeader32
	var oh64 pe.OptionalHeader64

	if pe64 {
		oh64.Magic = 0x20b // PE32+
	} else {
		oh.Magic = 0x10b // PE32
		oh.BaseOfData = f.dataSect.virtualAddress
	}

	// Fill out both oh64 and oh. We only use one. Oh well.
	oh64.MajorLinkerVersion = 3
	oh.MajorLinkerVersion = 3
	oh64.MinorLinkerVersion = 0
	oh.MinorLinkerVersion = 0
	oh64.SizeOfCode = f.textSect.sizeOfRawData
	oh.SizeOfCode = f.textSect.sizeOfRawData
	oh64.SizeOfInitializedData = f.dataSect.sizeOfRawData
	oh.SizeOfInitializedData = f.dataSect.sizeOfRawData
	oh64.SizeOfUninitializedData = 0
	oh.SizeOfUninitializedData = 0
	if ctxt.LinkMode != LinkExternal {
		oh64.AddressOfEntryPoint = uint32(Entryvalue(ctxt) - PEBASE)
		oh.AddressOfEntryPoint = uint32(Entryvalue(ctxt) - PEBASE)
	}
	oh64.BaseOfCode = f.textSect.virtualAddress
	oh.BaseOfCode = f.textSect.virtualAddress
	oh64.ImageBase = uint64(PEBASE)
	oh.ImageBase = uint32(PEBASE)
	oh64.SectionAlignment = uint32(PESECTALIGN)
	oh.SectionAlignment = uint32(PESECTALIGN)
	oh64.FileAlignment = uint32(PEFILEALIGN)
	oh.FileAlignment = uint32(PEFILEALIGN)
	oh64.MajorOperatingSystemVersion = PeMinimumTargetMajorVersion
	oh.MajorOperatingSystemVersion = PeMinimumTargetMajorVersion
	oh64.MinorOperatingSystemVersion = PeMinimumTargetMinorVersion
	oh.MinorOperatingSystemVersion = PeMinimumTargetMinorVersion
	oh64.MajorImageVersion = 1
	oh.MajorImageVersion = 1
	oh64.MinorImageVersion = 0
	oh.MinorImageVersion = 0
	oh64.MajorSubsystemVersion = PeMinimumTargetMajorVersion
	oh.MajorSubsystemVersion = PeMinimumTargetMajorVersion
	oh64.MinorSubsystemVersion = PeMinimumTargetMinorVersion
	oh.MinorSubsystemVersion = PeMinimumTargetMinorVersion
	oh64.SizeOfImage = f.nextSectOffset
	oh.SizeOfImage = f.nextSectOffset
	oh64.SizeOfHeaders = uint32(PEFILEHEADR)
	oh.SizeOfHeaders = uint32(PEFILEHEADR)
	if windowsgui {
		oh64.Subsystem = pe.IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI
		oh.Subsystem = pe.IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI
	} else {
		oh64.Subsystem = pe.IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI
		oh.Subsystem = pe.IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI
	}

	// Mark as having awareness of terminal services, to avoid ancient compatibility hacks.
	oh64.DllCharacteristics |= pe.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_TERMINAL_SERVER_AWARE
	oh.DllCharacteristics |= pe.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_TERMINAL_SERVER_AWARE

	// Enable DEP
	oh64.DllCharacteristics |= pe.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NX_COMPAT
	oh.DllCharacteristics |= pe.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NX_COMPAT

	// The DLL can be relocated at load time.
	if needPEBaseReloc(ctxt) {
		oh64.DllCharacteristics |= pe.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE
		oh.DllCharacteristics |= pe.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE
	}

	// Image can handle a high entropy 64-bit virtual address space.
	if ctxt.BuildMode == BuildModePIE {
		oh64.DllCharacteristics |= pe.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_HIGH_ENTROPY_VA
	}

	// Disable stack growth as we don't want Windows to
	// fiddle with the thread stack limits, which we set
	// ourselves to circumvent the stack checks in the
	// Windows exception dispatcher.
	// Commit size must be strictly less than reserve
	// size otherwise reserve will be rounded up to a
	// larger size, as verified with VMMap.

	// On 64-bit, we always reserve 2MB stacks. "Pure" Go code is
	// okay with much smaller stacks, but the syscall package
	// makes it easy to call into arbitrary C code without cgo,
	// and system calls even in "pure" Go code are actually C
	// calls that may need more stack than we think.
	//
	// The default stack reserve size directly affects only the main
	// thread.
	//
	// For other threads, the runtime explicitly asks the kernel
	// to use the default stack size so that all stacks are
	// consistent.
	//
	// At thread start, in minit, the runtime queries the OS for
	// the actual stack bounds so that the stack size doesn't need
	// to be hard-coded into the runtime.
	oh64.SizeOfStackReserve = 0x00200000
	if !iscgo {
		oh64.SizeOfStackCommit = 0x00001000
	} else {
		// TODO(brainman): Maybe remove optional header writing altogether for cgo.
		// For cgo it is the external linker that is building final executable.
		// And it probably does not use any information stored in optional header.
		oh64.SizeOfStackCommit = 0x00200000 - 0x2000 // account for 2 guard pages
	}

	oh.SizeOfStackReserve = 0x00100000
	if !iscgo {
		oh.SizeOfStackCommit = 0x00001000
	} else {
		oh.SizeOfStackCommit = 0x00100000 - 0x2000 // account for 2 guard pages
	}

	oh64.SizeOfHeapReserve = 0x00100000
	oh.SizeOfHeapReserve = 0x00100000
	oh64.SizeOfHeapCommit = 0x00001000
	oh.SizeOfHeapCommit = 0x00001000
	oh64.NumberOfRvaAndSizes = 16
	oh.NumberOfRvaAndSizes = 16

	if pe64 {
		oh64.DataDirectory = f.dataDirectory
	} else {
		oh.DataDirectory = f.dataDirectory
	}

	if pe64 {
		binary.Write(ctxt.Out, binary.LittleEndian, &oh64)
	} else {
		binary.Write(ctxt.Out, binary.LittleEndian, &oh)
	}
}

var pefile peFile

func Peinit(ctxt *Link) {
	var l int

	if ctxt.Arch.PtrSize == 8 {
		// 64-bit architectures
		pe64 = true
		var oh64 pe.OptionalHeader64
		l = binary.Size(&oh64)
	} else {
		// 32-bit architectures
		var oh pe.OptionalHeader32
		l = binary.Size(&oh)
	}

	if ctxt.LinkMode == LinkExternal {
		// .rdata section will contain "masks" and "shifts" symbols, and they
		// need to be aligned to 16-bytes. So make all sections aligned
		// to 32-byte and mark them all IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_32BYTES so external
		// linker will honour that requirement.
		PESECTALIGN = 32
		PEFILEALIGN = 0
		// We are creating an object file. The absolute address is irrelevant.
		PEBASE = 0
	} else {
		// Use the same base image address as MSVC and LLVM.
		if pe64 {
			PEBASE = 0x140000000
		} else {
			PEBASE = 0x400000
		}
	}

	var sh [16]pe.SectionHeader32
	var fh pe.FileHeader
	PEFILEHEADR = int32(Rnd(int64(len(dosstub)+binary.Size(&fh)+l+binary.Size(&sh)), PEFILEALIGN))
	if ctxt.LinkMode != LinkExternal {
		PESECTHEADR = int32(Rnd(int64(PEFILEHEADR), PESECTALIGN))
	} else {
		PESECTHEADR = 0
	}
	pefile.nextSectOffset = uint32(PESECTHEADR)
	pefile.nextFileOffset = uint32(PEFILEHEADR)

	if ctxt.LinkMode == LinkInternal {
		// some mingw libs depend on this symbol, for example, FindPESectionByName
		for _, name := range [2]string{"__image_base__", "_image_base__"} {
			sb := ctxt.loader.CreateSymForUpdate(name, 0)
			sb.SetType(sym.SDATA)
			sb.SetValue(PEBASE)
			ctxt.loader.SetAttrSpecial(sb.Sym(), true)
			ctxt.loader.SetAttrLocal(sb.Sym(), true)
		}

		// The _load_config_used symbol is required to be present on modern
		// Windows. We later wire this up to the PE data directory.
		sb := ctxt.loader.CreateSymForUpdate("_load_config_used", 0)
		sb.SetType(sym.SRODATA)
		sb.SetAlign(int32(ctxt.Arch.PtrSize))
		var buf bytes.Buffer
		if pe64 {
			lc := IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY64{
				Size:       uint32(binary.Size(&IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY64{})),
				GuardFlags: IMAGE_GUARD_SECURITY_COOKIE_UNUSED,
			}
			binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, &lc)
		} else {
			lc := IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY32{
				Size:       uint32(binary.Size(&IMAGE_LOAD_CONFIG_DIRECTORY32{})),
				GuardFlags: IMAGE_GUARD_SECURITY_COOKIE_UNUSED,
			}
			binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, &lc)
		}
		sb.SetData(buf.Bytes())
		sb.SetSize(int64(buf.Len()))
		ctxt.loader.SetAttrReachable(sb.Sym(), true)
	}

	HEADR = PEFILEHEADR
	if *FlagRound == -1 {
		*FlagRound = PESECTALIGN
	}
	if *FlagTextAddr == -1 {
		*FlagTextAddr = Rnd(PEBASE, *FlagRound) + int64(PESECTHEADR)
	}
}

func pewrite(ctxt *Link) {
	ctxt.Out.SeekSet(0)
	if ctxt.LinkMode != LinkExternal {
		ctxt.Out.Write(dosstub)
		ctxt.Out.WriteStringN("PE", 4)
	}

	pefile.writeFileHeader(ctxt)

	pefile.writeOptionalHeader(ctxt)

	for _, sect := range pefile.sections {
		sect.write(ctxt.Out, ctxt.LinkMode)
	}
}

func strput(out *OutBuf, s string) {
	out.WriteString(s)
	out.Write8(0)
	// string must be padded to even size
	if (len(s)+1)%2 != 0 {
		out.Write8(0)
	}
}

func initdynimport(ctxt *Link) *Dll {
	ldr := ctxt.loader
	var d *Dll

	dr = nil
	var m *Imp
	for s := loader.Sym(1); s < loader.Sym(ldr.NSym()); s++ {
		if !ldr.AttrReachable(s) || ldr.SymType(s) != sym.SDYNIMPORT {
			continue
		}
		dynlib := ldr.SymDynimplib(s)
		for d = dr; d != nil; d = d.next {
			if d.name == dynlib {
				m = new(Imp)
				break
			}
		}

		if d == nil {
			d = new(Dll)
			d.name = dynlib
			d.next = dr
			dr = d
			m = new(Imp)
		}

		// Because external link requires properly stdcall decorated name,
		// all external symbols in runtime use %n to denote that the number
		// of uinptrs this function consumes. Store the argsize and discard
		// the %n suffix if any.
		m.argsize = -1
		extName := ldr.SymExtname(s)
		if i := strings.IndexByte(extName, '%'); i >= 0 {
			var err error
			m.argsize, err = strconv.Atoi(extName[i+1:])
			if err != nil {
				ctxt.Errorf(s, "failed to parse stdcall decoration: %v", err)
			}
			m.argsize *= ctxt.Arch.PtrSize
			ldr.SetSymExtname(s, extName[:i])
		}

		m.s = s
		m.next = d.ms
		d.ms = m
	}

	if ctxt.IsExternal() {
		// Add real symbol name
		for d := dr; d != nil; d = d.next {
			for m = d.ms; m != nil; m = m.next {
				sb := ldr.MakeSymbolUpdater(m.s)
				sb.SetType(sym.SDATA)
				sb.Grow(int64(ctxt.Arch.PtrSize))
				dynName := sb.Extname()
				// only windows/386 requires stdcall decoration
				if ctxt.Is386() && m.argsize >= 0 {
					dynName += fmt.Sprintf("@%d", m.argsize)
				}
				dynSym := ldr.CreateSymForUpdate(dynName, 0)
				dynSym.SetType(sym.SHOSTOBJ)
				r, _ := sb.AddRel(objabi.R_ADDR)
				r.SetSym(dynSym.Sym())
				r.SetSiz(uint8(ctxt.Arch.PtrSize))
			}
		}
	} else {
		dynamic := ldr.CreateSymForUpdate(".windynamic", 0)
		dynamic.SetType(sym.SWINDOWS)
		for d := dr; d != nil; d = d.next {
			for m = d.ms; m != nil; m = m.next {
				sb := ldr.MakeSymbolUpdater(m.s)
				sb.SetType(sym.SWINDOWS)
				sb.SetValue(dynamic.Size())
				dynamic.SetSize(dynamic.Size() + int64(ctxt.Arch.PtrSize))
				dynamic.AddInteriorSym(m.s)
			}

			dynamic.SetSize(dynamic.Size() + int64(ctxt.Arch.PtrSize))
		}
	}

	return dr
}

// peimporteddlls returns the gcc command line argument to link all imported
// DLLs.
func peimporteddlls() []string {
	var dlls []string

	for d := dr; d != nil; d = d.next {
		dlls = append(dlls, "-l"+strings.TrimSuffix(d.name, ".dll"))
	}

	return dlls
}

func addimports(ctxt *Link, datsect *peSection) {
	ldr := ctxt.loader
	startoff := ctxt.Out.Offset()
	dynamic := ldr.LookupOrCreateSym(".windynamic", 0)

	// skip import descriptor table (will write it later)
	n := uint64(0)

	for d := dr; d != nil; d = d.next {
		n++
	}
	ctxt.Out.SeekSet(startoff + int64(binary.Size(&IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR{}))*int64(n+1))

	// write dll names
	for d := dr; d != nil; d = d.next {
		d.nameoff = uint64(ctxt.Out.Offset()) - uint64(startoff)
		strput(ctxt.Out, d.name)
	}

	// write function names
	for d := dr; d != nil; d = d.next {
		for m := d.ms; m != nil; m = m.next {
			m.off = uint64(pefile.nextSectOffset) + uint64(ctxt.Out.Offset()) - uint64(startoff)
			ctxt.Out.Write16(0) // hint
			strput(ctxt.Out, ldr.SymExtname(m.s))
		}
	}

	// write OriginalFirstThunks
	oftbase := uint64(ctxt.Out.Offset()) - uint64(startoff)

	n = uint64(ctxt.Out.Offset())
	for d := dr; d != nil; d = d.next {
		d.thunkoff = uint64(ctxt.Out.Offset()) - n
		for m := d.ms; m != nil; m = m.next {
			if pe64 {
				ctxt.Out.Write64(m.off)
			} else {
				ctxt.Out.Write32(uint32(m.off))
			}
		}

		if pe64 {
			ctxt.Out.Write64(0)
		} else {
			ctxt.Out.Write32(0)
		}
	}

	// add pe section and pad it at the end
	n = uint64(ctxt.Out.Offset()) - uint64(startoff)

	isect := pefile.addSection(".idata", int(n), int(n))
	isect.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE
	isect.checkOffset(startoff)
	isect.pad(ctxt.Out, uint32(n))
	endoff := ctxt.Out.Offset()

	// write FirstThunks (allocated in .data section)
	ftbase := uint64(ldr.SymValue(dynamic)) - uint64(datsect.virtualAddress) - uint64(PEBASE)

	ctxt.Out.SeekSet(int64(uint64(datsect.pointerToRawData) + ftbase))
	for d := dr; d != nil; d = d.next {
		for m := d.ms; m != nil; m = m.next {
			if pe64 {
				ctxt.Out.Write64(m.off)
			} else {
				ctxt.Out.Write32(uint32(m.off))
			}
		}

		if pe64 {
			ctxt.Out.Write64(0)
		} else {
			ctxt.Out.Write32(0)
		}
	}

	// finally write import descriptor table
	out := ctxt.Out
	out.SeekSet(startoff)

	for d := dr; d != nil; d = d.next {
		out.Write32(uint32(uint64(isect.virtualAddress) + oftbase + d.thunkoff))
		out.Write32(0)
		out.Write32(0)
		out.Write32(uint32(uint64(isect.virtualAddress) + d.nameoff))
		out.Write32(uint32(uint64(datsect.virtualAddress) + ftbase + d.thunkoff))
	}

	out.Write32(0) //end
	out.Write32(0)
	out.Write32(0)
	out.Write32(0)
	out.Write32(0)

	// update data directory
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT].VirtualAddress = isect.virtualAddress
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT].Size = isect.virtualSize
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT].VirtualAddress = uint32(ldr.SymValue(dynamic) - PEBASE)
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT].Size = uint32(ldr.SymSize(dynamic))

	out.SeekSet(endoff)
}

func initdynexport(ctxt *Link) {
	ldr := ctxt.loader
	for s := loader.Sym(1); s < loader.Sym(ldr.NSym()); s++ {
		if !ldr.AttrReachable(s) || !ldr.AttrCgoExportDynamic(s) {
			continue
		}
		if len(dexport) >= math.MaxUint16 {
			ctxt.Errorf(s, "pe dynexport table is full")
			errorexit()
		}

		dexport = append(dexport, s)
	}

	sort.Slice(dexport, func(i, j int) bool { return ldr.SymExtname(dexport[i]) < ldr.SymExtname(dexport[j]) })
}

func addexports(ctxt *Link) {
	ldr := ctxt.loader
	var e IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY

	nexport := len(dexport)
	size := binary.Size(&e) + 10*nexport + len(*flagOutfile) + 1
	for _, s := range dexport {
		size += len(ldr.SymExtname(s)) + 1
	}

	if nexport == 0 {
		return
	}

	sect := pefile.addSection(".edata", size, size)
	sect.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ
	sect.checkOffset(ctxt.Out.Offset())
	va := int(sect.virtualAddress)
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress = uint32(va)
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].Size = sect.virtualSize

	vaName := va + binary.Size(&e) + nexport*4
	vaAddr := va + binary.Size(&e)
	vaNa := va + binary.Size(&e) + nexport*8

	e.Characteristics = 0
	e.MajorVersion = 0
	e.MinorVersion = 0
	e.NumberOfFunctions = uint32(nexport)
	e.NumberOfNames = uint32(nexport)
	e.Name = uint32(va+binary.Size(&e)) + uint32(nexport)*10 // Program names.
	e.Base = 1
	e.AddressOfFunctions = uint32(vaAddr)
	e.AddressOfNames = uint32(vaName)
	e.AddressOfNameOrdinals = uint32(vaNa)

	out := ctxt.Out

	// put IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY
	binary.Write(out, binary.LittleEndian, &e)

	// put EXPORT Address Table
	for _, s := range dexport {
		out.Write32(uint32(ldr.SymValue(s) - PEBASE))
	}

	// put EXPORT Name Pointer Table
	v := int(e.Name + uint32(len(*flagOutfile)) + 1)

	for _, s := range dexport {
		out.Write32(uint32(v))
		v += len(ldr.SymExtname(s)) + 1
	}

	// put EXPORT Ordinal Table
	for i := 0; i < nexport; i++ {
		out.Write16(uint16(i))
	}

	// put Names
	out.WriteStringN(*flagOutfile, len(*flagOutfile)+1)

	for _, s := range dexport {
		name := ldr.SymExtname(s)
		out.WriteStringN(name, len(name)+1)
	}
	sect.pad(out, uint32(size))
}

// peBaseRelocEntry represents a single relocation entry.
type peBaseRelocEntry struct {
	typeOff uint16
}

// peBaseRelocBlock represents a Base Relocation Block. A block
// is a collection of relocation entries in a page, where each
// entry describes a single relocation.
// The block page RVA (Relative Virtual Address) is the index
// into peBaseRelocTable.blocks.
type peBaseRelocBlock struct {
	entries []peBaseRelocEntry
}

// pePages is a type used to store the list of pages for which there
// are base relocation blocks. This is defined as a type so that
// it can be sorted.
type pePages []uint32

// A PE base relocation table is a list of blocks, where each block
// contains relocation information for a single page. The blocks
// must be emitted in order of page virtual address.
// See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/debug/pe-format#the-reloc-section-image-only
type peBaseRelocTable struct {
	blocks map[uint32]peBaseRelocBlock

	// pePages is a list of keys into blocks map.
	// It is stored separately for ease of sorting.
	pages pePages
}

func (rt *peBaseRelocTable) init(ctxt *Link) {
	rt.blocks = make(map[uint32]peBaseRelocBlock)
}

func (rt *peBaseRelocTable) addentry(ldr *loader.Loader, s loader.Sym, r *loader.Reloc) {
	// pageSize is the size in bytes of a page
	// described by a base relocation block.
	const pageSize = 0x1000
	const pageMask = pageSize - 1

	addr := ldr.SymValue(s) + int64(r.Off()) - PEBASE
	page := uint32(addr &^ pageMask)
	off := uint32(addr & pageMask)

	b, ok := rt.blocks[page]
	if !ok {
		rt.pages = append(rt.pages, page)
	}

	e := peBaseRelocEntry{
		typeOff: uint16(off & 0xFFF),
	}

	// Set entry type
	switch r.Siz() {
	default:
		Exitf("unsupported relocation size %d\n", r.Siz)
	case 4:
		e.typeOff |= uint16(IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHLOW << 12)
	case 8:
		e.typeOff |= uint16(IMAGE_REL_BASED_DIR64 << 12)
	}

	b.entries = append(b.entries, e)
	rt.blocks[page] = b
}

func (rt *peBaseRelocTable) write(ctxt *Link) {
	out := ctxt.Out

	// sort the pages array
	slices.Sort(rt.pages)

	// .reloc section must be 32-bit aligned
	if out.Offset()&3 != 0 {
		Errorf("internal error, start of .reloc not 32-bit aligned")
	}

	for _, p := range rt.pages {
		b := rt.blocks[p]

		// Add a dummy entry at the end of the list if we have an
		// odd number of entries, so as to ensure that the next
		// block starts on a 32-bit boundary (see issue 68260).
		if len(b.entries)&1 != 0 {
			b.entries = append(b.entries, peBaseRelocEntry{})
		}

		const sizeOfPEbaseRelocBlock = 8 // 2 * sizeof(uint32)
		blockSize := uint32(sizeOfPEbaseRelocBlock + len(b.entries)*2)
		out.Write32(p)
		out.Write32(blockSize)

		for _, e := range b.entries {
			out.Write16(e.typeOff)
		}
	}
}

func addPEBaseRelocSym(ldr *loader.Loader, s loader.Sym, rt *peBaseRelocTable) {
	relocs := ldr.Relocs(s)
	for ri := 0; ri < relocs.Count(); ri++ {
		r := relocs.At(ri)
		if r.Type() >= objabi.ElfRelocOffset {
			continue
		}
		if r.Siz() == 0 { // informational relocation
			continue
		}
		rs := r.Sym()
		if rs == 0 {
			continue
		}
		if !ldr.AttrReachable(s) {
			continue
		}

		switch r.Type() {
		default:
		case objabi.R_ADDR:
			rt.addentry(ldr, s, &r)
		}
	}
}

func needPEBaseReloc(ctxt *Link) bool {
	// Non-PIE x86 binaries don't need the base relocation table.
	// Everyone else does.
	if (ctxt.Arch.Family == sys.I386 || ctxt.Arch.Family == sys.AMD64) && ctxt.BuildMode != BuildModePIE {
		return false
	}
	return true
}

func addPEBaseReloc(ctxt *Link) {
	if !needPEBaseReloc(ctxt) {
		return
	}

	var rt peBaseRelocTable
	rt.init(ctxt)

	// Get relocation information
	ldr := ctxt.loader
	for _, s := range ctxt.Textp {
		addPEBaseRelocSym(ldr, s, &rt)
	}
	for _, s := range ctxt.datap {
		addPEBaseRelocSym(ldr, s, &rt)
	}

	// Write relocation information
	startoff := ctxt.Out.Offset()
	rt.write(ctxt)
	size := ctxt.Out.Offset() - startoff

	// Add a PE section and pad it at the end
	rsect := pefile.addSection(".reloc", int(size), int(size))
	rsect.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE
	rsect.checkOffset(startoff)
	rsect.pad(ctxt.Out, uint32(size))

	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC].VirtualAddress = rsect.virtualAddress
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC].Size = rsect.virtualSize
}

func (ctxt *Link) dope() {
	initdynimport(ctxt)
	initdynexport(ctxt)
}

func setpersrc(ctxt *Link, syms []loader.Sym) {
	if len(rsrcsyms) != 0 {
		Errorf("too many .rsrc sections")
	}
	rsrcsyms = syms
}

func addpersrc(ctxt *Link) {
	if len(rsrcsyms) == 0 {
		return
	}

	var size int64
	for _, rsrcsym := range rsrcsyms {
		size += ctxt.loader.SymSize(rsrcsym)
	}
	h := pefile.addSection(".rsrc", int(size), int(size))
	h.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA
	h.checkOffset(ctxt.Out.Offset())

	for _, rsrcsym := range rsrcsyms {
		// A split resource happens when the actual resource data and its relocations are
		// split across multiple sections, denoted by a $01 or $02 at the end of the .rsrc
		// section name.
		splitResources := strings.Contains(ctxt.loader.SymName(rsrcsym), ".rsrc$")
		relocs := ctxt.loader.Relocs(rsrcsym)
		data := ctxt.loader.Data(rsrcsym)
		for ri := 0; ri < relocs.Count(); ri++ {
			r := relocs.At(ri)
			p := data[r.Off():]
			val := uint32(int64(h.virtualAddress) + r.Add())
			if splitResources {
				// If we're a split resource section, and that section has relocation
				// symbols, then the data that it points to doesn't actually begin at
				// the virtual address listed in this current section, but rather
				// begins at the section immediately after this one. So, in order to
				// calculate the proper virtual address of the data it's pointing to,
				// we have to add the length of this section to the virtual address.
				// This works because .rsrc sections are divided into two (but not more)
				// of these sections.
				val += uint32(len(data))
			}
			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(p, val)
		}
		ctxt.Out.Write(data)
	}
	h.pad(ctxt.Out, uint32(size))

	// update data directory
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE].VirtualAddress = h.virtualAddress
	pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE].Size = h.virtualSize
}

func asmbPe(ctxt *Link) {
	t := pefile.addSection(".text", int(Segtext.Length), int(Segtext.Length))
	t.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ
	if ctxt.LinkMode == LinkExternal {
		// some data symbols (e.g. masks) end up in the .text section, and they normally
		// expect larger alignment requirement than the default text section alignment.
		t.characteristics |= IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_32BYTES
	}
	t.checkSegment(&Segtext)
	pefile.textSect = t

	ro := pefile.addSection(".rdata", int(Segrodata.Length), int(Segrodata.Length))
	ro.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ
	if ctxt.LinkMode == LinkExternal {
		// some data symbols (e.g. masks) end up in the .rdata section, and they normally
		// expect larger alignment requirement than the default text section alignment.
		ro.characteristics |= IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_32BYTES
	}
	ro.checkSegment(&Segrodata)
	pefile.rdataSect = ro

	// This should have been added in Peinit and by now is part of the
	// just-written .rdata section.
	s := ctxt.loader.Lookup("_load_config_used", 0)
	if s != 0 {
		pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_LOAD_CONFIG].VirtualAddress = uint32(ctxt.loader.SymValue(s) - PEBASE)
		pefile.dataDirectory[pe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_LOAD_CONFIG].Size = uint32(ctxt.loader.SymSize(s))
	}

	var d *peSection
	if ctxt.LinkMode != LinkExternal {
		d = pefile.addSection(".data", int(Segdata.Length), int(Segdata.Filelen))
		d.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE
		d.checkSegment(&Segdata)
		pefile.dataSect = d
	} else {
		d = pefile.addSection(".data", int(Segdata.Filelen), int(Segdata.Filelen))
		d.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE | IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_32BYTES
		d.checkSegment(&Segdata)
		pefile.dataSect = d

		b := pefile.addSection(".bss", int(Segdata.Length-Segdata.Filelen), 0)
		b.characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_CNT_UNINITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE | IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_32BYTES
		b.pointerToRawData = 0
		pefile.bssSect = b
	}

	pefile.addSEH(ctxt)
	pefile.addDWARF()

	if ctxt.LinkMode == LinkExternal {
		pefile.ctorsSect = pefile.addInitArray(ctxt)
	}

	ctxt.Out.SeekSet(int64(pefile.nextFileOffset))
	if ctxt.LinkMode != LinkExternal {
		addimports(ctxt, d)
		addexports(ctxt)
		addPEBaseReloc(ctxt)
	}
	pefile.writeSymbolTableAndStringTable(ctxt)
	addpersrc(ctxt)
	if ctxt.LinkMode == LinkExternal {
		pefile.emitRelocations(ctxt)
	}

	pewrite(ctxt)
}

// peCreateExportFile creates a file with exported symbols for Windows .def files.
// ld will export all symbols, even those not marked for export, unless a .def file is provided.
func peCreateExportFile(ctxt *Link, libName string) (fname string) {
	fname = filepath.Join(*flagTmpdir, "export_file.def")
	var buf bytes.Buffer

	if ctxt.BuildMode == BuildModeCShared {
		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "LIBRARY %s\n", libName)
	}
	buf.WriteString("EXPORTS\n")

	ldr := ctxt.loader
	var exports []string
	for s := range ldr.ForAllCgoExportStatic() {
		extname := ldr.SymExtname(s)
		if !strings.HasPrefix(extname, "_cgoexp_") {
			continue
		}
		if ldr.IsFileLocal(s) {
			continue // Only export non-static symbols
		}
		// Retrieve the name of the initial symbol
		// exported by cgo.
		// The corresponding Go symbol is:
		// _cgoexp_hashcode_symname.
		name := strings.SplitN(extname, "_", 4)[3]
		exports = append(exports, name)
	}
	if len(exports) == 0 {
		// See runtime/cgo/windows.go for details.
		exports = append(exports, "_cgo_stub_export")
	}
	sort.Strings(exports)
	buf.WriteString(strings.Join(exports, "\n"))

	err := os.WriteFile(fname, buf.Bytes(), 0666)
	if err != nil {
		Errorf("WriteFile %s failed: %v", fname, err)
	}

	return fname
}