Go is a great language for CS majors. This page presents some university courses that use Go. For a list of free and commercial Go training classes, see the Learn wiki.
Go is being used at the end of a yearlong freshman computer science class at KTH: http://www.nada.kth.se/~snilsson/concurrency/.
Go, Concurrent and Systems Programming from Rochester Institute of Technology: http://www.cs.rit.edu/~ats/go-2011-2/index.xml
Free University of Berlin (Germany) had a course on Concurrent Programming with Go as a reference language in 2013.
University of Duisburg-Essen (Germany) had a lecture about Go and CSP within their course on Concurrent systems modelling in summer 2014. [Slides]
University of Stavanger, Norway. We use Go to teach concurrency principles in DAT320 Operating Systems. http://www.uis.no/studies/study-courses/?code=DAT320_1&parentcat=9835
Distributed Systems course (15-440) at CMU: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dga/15-440/F12/index.html (see also http://da-data.blogspot.se/2013/02/teaching-distributed-systems-in-go.html)
6.824 Distributed Systems at MIT is using Go in its labs: http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.824/.
CSE 223B, Spring 2014: Distributed Computing and Systems at UC San Diego http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/classes/sp14/cse223B-a/index.html
Dixie State University teaches Go in an introductory course to programming languages and later on in distributed systems.
CS 352, Computer Organization and Design, at the University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire: http://cs.uwec.edu/~buipj/teaching/cs.352.f13/lab_01_high_performance_computing.html
KTH Stockholm uses Go to teach concurrency: http://www.nada.kth.se/~snilsson/concurrency/
Go was used this fall at the University of Tromsø: INF-2202 Concurrent and System Level Programming http://uit.no/studietilbud/emner/emne?p_document_id=330794
Norwegian University of Science and Technology: TTK4145 Real-Time Programming http://www.itk.ntnu.no/fag/TTK4145/information/
University of Stavanger, Norway. We use Go to build a replicated state machine based on Paxos in DAT520 Distributed Systems. http://www.uis.no/studies/study-courses/?code=DAT520_1&parentcat=9835