go/loader: changes for vendor support

Prior to this change, the loader made the simplifying assumption
that an import path is equal to a package path, that is, a
subdirectory of src/.  (This assumption was already false because
relative imports "../foo" are possible, though discouraged.)
Now, an import "foo" may denote "a/vendor/foo" or "b/vendor/foo"
depending on whether it appears beneath a/ or b/.  Thus import
paths and package paths are no longer the same, and the directory
containing an import declaration is a necessary input to the
import resolution function.

This change makes the loader hygienic w.r.t. the directory of
each import declaration, and cleans up the terminology.
The only API change is to the FindPackage hook, which most
clients never use.

Details:
- Add a 'fromDir string' parameter to the FindPackage hook function.
- Add a dir field to each PackageInfo.
- doImport (called by go/types) now consists of two steps:
  use FindPackage(dir, importPath) to locate the package,
  then consult the import map using the canonical package path.
  Only the first step can fail.
- Memoize FindPackage.
- Simplify importInfo now that it no longer has to deal with errors.
  Replace a condition variable with a channel.
- Use a separate type to report importErrors.
- Rename loadAll to importAll
- Delete the importMode constant.
- Test.

Change-Id: I3defab51bfa12b48b1511a2172fb48dc8e9150e6
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/18053
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
6 files changed