go/analysis: a new API for analysis tools

This CL contains just the API, the validate function,
and two example analyses, findcall and pkglemma.

Change-Id: Ia1f2652647050b1e0e15dad8b9ae10cf1a5fbdbc
Synopsis: go-review.googlesource.com/c/tools/+/134935
Design:   docs.google.com/document/d/1-azPLXaLgTCKeKDNg0HVMq2ovMlD-e7n1ZHzZVzOlJk
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/135635
Reviewed-by: Ian Cottrell <iancottrell@google.com>
diff --git a/go/analysis/validate.go b/go/analysis/validate.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fbb3b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/go/analysis/validate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package analysis
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"unicode"
+)
+
+// Validate reports an error if any of the analyses are misconfigured.
+// Checks include:
+// - that the name is a valid identifier;
+// - that analysis names are unique;
+// - that the Requires graph is acylic;
+// - that analyses' lemma and output types are unique.
+// - that each lemma type is a pointer.
+func Validate(analyses []*Analysis) error {
+	names := make(map[string]bool)
+
+	// Map each lemma/output type to its sole generating analysis.
+	lemmaTypes := make(map[reflect.Type]*Analysis)
+	outputTypes := make(map[reflect.Type]*Analysis)
+
+	// Traverse the Requires graph, depth first.
+	color := make(map[*Analysis]uint8) // 0=white 1=grey 2=black
+	var visit func(a *Analysis) error
+	visit = func(a *Analysis) error {
+		if a == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("nil *Analysis")
+		}
+		if color[a] == 0 { // white
+			color[a] = 1 // grey
+
+			// names
+			if !validIdent(a.Name) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid analysis name %q", a)
+			}
+			if names[a.Name] {
+				return fmt.Errorf("duplicate analysis name %q", a)
+			}
+			names[a.Name] = true
+
+			if a.Doc == "" {
+				return fmt.Errorf("analysis %q is undocumented", a)
+			}
+
+			// lemma types
+			for _, t := range a.LemmaTypes {
+				if t == nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("analysis %s has nil LemmaType", a)
+				}
+				if prev := lemmaTypes[t]; prev != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("lemma type %s registered by two analyses: %v, %v",
+						t, a, prev)
+				}
+				if t.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+					return fmt.Errorf("%s: lemma type %s is not a pointer", a, t)
+				}
+				lemmaTypes[t] = a
+			}
+
+			// output types
+			if a.OutputType != nil {
+				if prev := outputTypes[a.OutputType]; prev != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("output type %s registered by two analyses: %v, %v",
+						a.OutputType, a, prev)
+				}
+				outputTypes[a.OutputType] = a
+			}
+
+			// recursion
+			for i, req := range a.Requires {
+				if err := visit(req); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("%s.Requires[%d]: %v", a.Name, i, err)
+				}
+			}
+			color[a] = 2 // black
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, a := range analyses {
+		if err := visit(a); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validIdent(name string) bool {
+	for i, r := range name {
+		if !(r == '_' || unicode.IsLetter(r) || i > 0 && unicode.IsDigit(r)) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return name != ""
+}