// Copyright 2017 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

//go:generate stringer -type RoundingMode

package number

import (
	"math"
	"strconv"
)

// RoundingMode determines how a number is rounded to the desired precision.
type RoundingMode byte

const (
	ToNearestEven RoundingMode = iota // towards the nearest integer, or towards an even number if equidistant.
	ToNearestZero                     // towards the nearest integer, or towards zero if equidistant.
	ToNearestAway                     // towards the nearest integer, or away from zero if equidistant.
	ToPositiveInf                     // towards infinity
	ToNegativeInf                     // towards negative infinity
	ToZero                            // towards zero
	AwayFromZero                      // away from zero
	numModes
)

// A RoundingContext indicates how a number should be converted to digits.
type RoundingContext struct {
	Mode      RoundingMode
	Increment int32 // if > 0, round to Increment * 10^-Scale

	Precision int32 // maximum number of significant digits.
	Scale     int32 // maximum number of decimals after the dot.
}

const maxIntDigits = 20

// A Decimal represents floating point number represented in digits of the base
// in which a number is to be displayed. Digits represents a number [0, 1.0),
// and the absolute value represented by Decimal is Digits * 10^Exp.
// Leading and trailing zeros may be omitted and Exp may point outside a valid
// position in Digits.
//
// Examples:
//      Number     Decimal
//    decimal
//      12345      Digits: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], Exp: 5  End: 5
//      12.345     Digits: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], Exp: 2  End: 5
//      12000      Digits: [1, 2],          Exp: 5  End: 5
//      12000.00   Digits: [1, 2],          Exp: 5  End: 7
//      0.00123    Digits: [1, 2, 3],       Exp: -2 End: 3
//      0          Digits: [],              Exp: 0  End: 1
//    scientific:
//      0          Digits: [],              Exp: 0, End: 1, Comma: 0
//      1.23e4     Digits: [1, 2, 3],       Exp: 5, End: 3, Comma: 1
//    engineering
//      12.3e3     Digits: [1, 2, 3],       Exp: 5, End: 3, Comma: 2
type Decimal struct {
	Digits []byte // mantissa digits, big-endian
	Exp    int32  // exponent
	// End indicates the end position of the number.
	End int32 // For decimals Exp <= End. For scientific len(Digits) <= End.
	// Comma is used for the comma position for scientific (always 0 or 1) and
	// engineering notation (always 0, 1, 2, or 3).
	Comma uint8

	Neg bool
	Inf bool // Takes precedence over Digits and Exp.
	NaN bool // Takes precedence over Inf.

	buf [maxIntDigits]byte
}

// normalize returns a new Decimal with leading and trailing zeros removed.
func (d *Decimal) normalize() (n Decimal) {
	n = *d
	b := n.Digits
	// Strip leading zeros. Resulting number of digits is significant digits.
	for len(b) > 0 && b[0] == 0 {
		b = b[1:]
		n.Exp--
	}
	// Strip trailing zeros
	for len(b) > 0 && b[len(b)-1] == 0 {
		b = b[:len(b)-1]
	}
	if len(b) == 0 {
		n.Exp = 0
	}
	n.Digits = b
	return n
}

func (d *Decimal) clear() {
	b := d.Digits
	if b == nil {
		b = d.buf[:0]
	}
	*d = Decimal{}
	d.Digits = b[:0]
}

func (x *Decimal) String() string {
	if x.NaN {
		return "NaN"
	}
	var buf []byte
	if x.Neg {
		buf = append(buf, '-')
	}
	if x.Inf {
		buf = append(buf, "Inf"...)
		return string(buf)
	}
	switch {
	case len(x.Digits) == 0:
		buf = append(buf, '0')
	case x.Exp <= 0:
		// 0.00ddd
		buf = append(buf, "0."...)
		buf = appendZeros(buf, -int(x.Exp))
		buf = appendDigits(buf, x.Digits)

	case /* 0 < */ int(x.Exp) < len(x.Digits):
		// dd.ddd
		buf = appendDigits(buf, x.Digits[:x.Exp])
		buf = append(buf, '.')
		buf = appendDigits(buf, x.Digits[x.Exp:])

	default: // len(x.Digits) <= x.Exp
		// ddd00
		buf = appendDigits(buf, x.Digits)
		buf = appendZeros(buf, int(x.Exp)-len(x.Digits))
	}
	return string(buf)
}

func appendDigits(buf []byte, digits []byte) []byte {
	for _, c := range digits {
		buf = append(buf, c+'0')
	}
	return buf
}

// appendZeros appends n 0 digits to buf and returns buf.
func appendZeros(buf []byte, n int) []byte {
	for ; n > 0; n-- {
		buf = append(buf, '0')
	}
	return buf
}

func (d *Decimal) round(mode RoundingMode, n int) {
	if n >= len(d.Digits) {
		return
	}
	// Make rounding decision: The result mantissa is truncated ("rounded down")
	// by default. Decide if we need to increment, or "round up", the (unsigned)
	// mantissa.
	inc := false
	switch mode {
	case ToNegativeInf:
		inc = d.Neg
	case ToPositiveInf:
		inc = !d.Neg
	case ToZero:
		// nothing to do
	case AwayFromZero:
		inc = true
	case ToNearestEven:
		inc = d.Digits[n] > 5 || d.Digits[n] == 5 &&
			(len(d.Digits) > n+1 || n == 0 || d.Digits[n-1]&1 != 0)
	case ToNearestAway:
		inc = d.Digits[n] >= 5
	case ToNearestZero:
		inc = d.Digits[n] > 5 || d.Digits[n] == 5 && len(d.Digits) > n+1
	default:
		panic("unreachable")
	}
	if inc {
		d.roundUp(n)
	} else {
		d.roundDown(n)
	}
}

// roundFloat rounds a floating point number.
func (r RoundingMode) roundFloat(x float64) float64 {
	// Make rounding decision: The result mantissa is truncated ("rounded down")
	// by default. Decide if we need to increment, or "round up", the (unsigned)
	// mantissa.
	abs := x
	if x < 0 {
		abs = -x
	}
	i, f := math.Modf(abs)
	if f == 0.0 {
		return x
	}
	inc := false
	switch r {
	case ToNegativeInf:
		inc = x < 0
	case ToPositiveInf:
		inc = x >= 0
	case ToZero:
		// nothing to do
	case AwayFromZero:
		inc = true
	case ToNearestEven:
		// TODO: check overflow
		inc = f > 0.5 || f == 0.5 && int64(i)&1 != 0
	case ToNearestAway:
		inc = f >= 0.5
	case ToNearestZero:
		inc = f > 0.5
	default:
		panic("unreachable")
	}
	if inc {
		i += 1
	}
	if abs != x {
		i = -i
	}
	return i
}

func (x *Decimal) roundUp(n int) {
	if n < 0 || n >= len(x.Digits) {
		return // nothing to do
	}
	// find first digit < 9
	for n > 0 && x.Digits[n-1] >= 9 {
		n--
	}

	if n == 0 {
		// all digits are 9s => round up to 1 and update exponent
		x.Digits[0] = 1 // ok since len(x.Digits) > n
		x.Digits = x.Digits[:1]
		x.Exp++
		return
	}
	x.Digits[n-1]++
	x.Digits = x.Digits[:n]
	// x already trimmed
}

func (x *Decimal) roundDown(n int) {
	if n < 0 || n >= len(x.Digits) {
		return // nothing to do
	}
	x.Digits = x.Digits[:n]
	trim(x)
}

// trim cuts off any trailing zeros from x's mantissa;
// they are meaningless for the value of x.
func trim(x *Decimal) {
	i := len(x.Digits)
	for i > 0 && x.Digits[i-1] == 0 {
		i--
	}
	x.Digits = x.Digits[:i]
	if i == 0 {
		x.Exp = 0
	}
}

// A Converter converts a number into decimals according to the given rounding
// criteria.
type Converter interface {
	Convert(d *Decimal, r *RoundingContext)
}

const (
	signed   = true
	unsigned = false
)

// Convert converts the given number to the decimal representation using the
// supplied RoundingContext.
func (d *Decimal) Convert(r *RoundingContext, number interface{}) {
	switch f := number.(type) {
	case Converter:
		d.clear()
		f.Convert(d, r)
	case float32:
		d.ConvertFloat(r, float64(f), 32)
	case float64:
		d.ConvertFloat(r, f, 64)
	case int:
		d.ConvertInt(r, signed, uint64(f))
	case int8:
		d.ConvertInt(r, signed, uint64(f))
	case int16:
		d.ConvertInt(r, signed, uint64(f))
	case int32:
		d.ConvertInt(r, signed, uint64(f))
	case int64:
		d.ConvertInt(r, signed, uint64(f))
	case uint:
		d.ConvertInt(r, unsigned, uint64(f))
	case uint8:
		d.ConvertInt(r, unsigned, uint64(f))
	case uint16:
		d.ConvertInt(r, unsigned, uint64(f))
	case uint32:
		d.ConvertInt(r, unsigned, uint64(f))
	case uint64:
		d.ConvertInt(r, unsigned, f)

		// TODO:
		// case string: if produced by strconv, allows for easy arbitrary pos.
		// case reflect.Value:
		// case big.Float
		// case big.Int
		// case big.Rat?
		// catch underlyings using reflect or will this already be done by the
		//    message package?
	}
}

// ConvertInt converts an integer to decimals.
func (d *Decimal) ConvertInt(r *RoundingContext, signed bool, x uint64) {
	if r.Increment > 0 {
		// TODO: if uint64 is too large, fall back to float64
		if signed {
			d.ConvertFloat(r, float64(int64(x)), 64)
		} else {
			d.ConvertFloat(r, float64(x), 64)
		}
		return
	}
	d.clear()
	if signed && int64(x) < 0 {
		x = uint64(-int64(x))
		d.Neg = true
	}
	d.fillIntDigits(x)
	d.Exp = int32(len(d.Digits))
}

// ConvertFloat converts a floating point number to decimals.
func (d *Decimal) ConvertFloat(r *RoundingContext, x float64, size int) {
	d.clear()
	if math.IsNaN(x) {
		d.NaN = true
		return
	}
	abs := x
	if x < 0 {
		d.Neg = true
		abs = -x
	}
	if math.IsInf(abs, 1) {
		d.Inf = true
		return
	}
	// Simple case: decimal notation
	if r.Scale > 0 || r.Increment > 0 || r.Precision == 0 {
		if int(r.Scale) > len(scales) {
			x *= math.Pow(10, float64(r.Scale))
		} else {
			x *= scales[r.Scale]
		}
		if r.Increment > 0 {
			inc := float64(r.Increment)
			x /= float64(inc)
			x = r.Mode.roundFloat(x)
			x *= inc
		} else {
			x = r.Mode.roundFloat(x)
		}
		d.fillIntDigits(uint64(math.Abs(x)))
		d.Exp = int32(len(d.Digits)) - r.Scale
		return
	}

	// Nasty case (for non-decimal notation).
	// Asides from being inefficient, this result is also wrong as it will
	// apply ToNearestEven rounding regardless of the user setting.
	// TODO: expose functionality in strconv so we can avoid this hack.
	//   Something like this would work:
	//   AppendDigits(dst []byte, x float64, base, size, prec int) (digits []byte, exp, accuracy int)
	// TODO: This only supports the nearest even rounding mode.

	prec := int(r.Precision)
	if prec > 0 {
		prec--
	}
	b := strconv.AppendFloat(d.Digits, abs, 'e', prec, size)
	i := 0
	k := 0
	// No need to check i < len(b) as we always have an 'e'.
	for {
		if c := b[i]; '0' <= c && c <= '9' {
			b[k] = c - '0'
			k++
		} else if c != '.' {
			break
		}
		i++
	}
	d.Digits = b[:k]
	i += len("e")
	pSign := i
	exp := 0
	for i++; i < len(b); i++ {
		exp *= 10
		exp += int(b[i] - '0')
	}
	if b[pSign] == '-' {
		exp = -exp
	}
	d.Exp = int32(exp) + 1
}

func (d *Decimal) fillIntDigits(x uint64) {
	if cap(d.Digits) < maxIntDigits {
		d.Digits = d.buf[:]
	} else {
		d.Digits = d.buf[:maxIntDigits]
	}
	i := 0
	for ; x > 0; x /= 10 {
		d.Digits[i] = byte(x % 10)
		i++
	}
	d.Digits = d.Digits[:i]
	for p := 0; p < i; p++ {
		i--
		d.Digits[p], d.Digits[i] = d.Digits[i], d.Digits[p]
	}
}

var scales [70]float64

func init() {
	x := 1.0
	for i := range scales {
		scales[i] = x
		x *= 10
	}
}