diff --git a/compiler/protogen/protogen.go b/compiler/protogen/protogen.go
index 5cd2a80..118be73 100644
--- a/compiler/protogen/protogen.go
+++ b/compiler/protogen/protogen.go
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@
 	messagesByName map[protoreflect.FullName]*Message
 	annotateCode   bool
 	pathType       pathType
+	module         string
 	genFiles       []*GeneratedFile
 	opts           Options
 	err            error
@@ -172,6 +173,8 @@
 			// Ignore.
 		case "import_path":
 			packageImportPath = GoImportPath(value)
+		case "module":
+			gen.module = value
 		case "paths":
 			switch value {
 			case "import":
@@ -210,6 +213,18 @@
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	if gen.module != "" {
+		// When the module= option is provided, we strip the module name
+		// prefix from generated files. This only makes sense if generated
+		// filenames are based on the import path, so default to paths=import
+		// and complain if source_relative was selected manually.
+		switch gen.pathType {
+		case pathTypeLegacy:
+			gen.pathType = pathTypeImport
+		case pathTypeSourceRelative:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot use module= with paths=source_relative")
+		}
+	}
 
 	// Figure out the import path and package name for each file.
 	//
@@ -396,8 +411,18 @@
 				Error: proto.String(err.Error()),
 			}
 		}
+		filename := g.filename
+		if gen.module != "" {
+			trim := gen.module + "/"
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(filename, trim) {
+				return &pluginpb.CodeGeneratorResponse{
+					Error: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("%v: generated file does not match prefix %q", filename, gen.module)),
+				}
+			}
+			filename = strings.TrimPrefix(filename, trim)
+		}
 		resp.File = append(resp.File, &pluginpb.CodeGeneratorResponse_File{
-			Name:    proto.String(g.filename),
+			Name:    proto.String(filename),
 			Content: proto.String(string(content)),
 		})
 		if gen.annotateCode && strings.HasSuffix(g.filename, ".go") {
@@ -408,7 +433,7 @@
 				}
 			}
 			resp.File = append(resp.File, &pluginpb.CodeGeneratorResponse_File{
-				Name:    proto.String(g.filename + ".meta"),
+				Name:    proto.String(filename + ".meta"),
 				Content: proto.String(meta),
 			})
 		}
diff --git a/compiler/protogen/protogen_test.go b/compiler/protogen/protogen_test.go
index 0967516..36dbf72 100644
--- a/compiler/protogen/protogen_test.go
+++ b/compiler/protogen/protogen_test.go
@@ -93,89 +93,106 @@
 		protoPackageName = "proto.package"
 	)
 	for _, test := range []struct {
-		desc               string
-		parameter          string
-		goPackageOption    string
-		generate           bool
-		wantPackageName    GoPackageName
-		wantImportPath     GoImportPath
-		wantFilenamePrefix string
+		desc            string
+		parameter       string
+		goPackageOption string
+		generate        bool
+		wantPackageName GoPackageName
+		wantImportPath  GoImportPath
+		wantFilename    string
 	}{
 		{
-			desc:               "no parameters, no go_package option",
-			generate:           true,
-			wantPackageName:    "proto_package",
-			wantImportPath:     "dir",
-			wantFilenamePrefix: "dir/filename",
+			desc:            "no parameters, no go_package option",
+			generate:        true,
+			wantPackageName: "proto_package",
+			wantImportPath:  "dir",
+			wantFilename:    "dir/filename",
 		},
 		{
-			desc:               "go_package option sets import path",
-			goPackageOption:    "golang.org/x/foo",
-			generate:           true,
-			wantPackageName:    "foo",
-			wantImportPath:     "golang.org/x/foo",
-			wantFilenamePrefix: "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
+			desc:            "go_package option sets import path",
+			goPackageOption: "golang.org/x/foo",
+			generate:        true,
+			wantPackageName: "foo",
+			wantImportPath:  "golang.org/x/foo",
+			wantFilename:    "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
 		},
 		{
-			desc:               "go_package option sets import path and package",
-			goPackageOption:    "golang.org/x/foo;bar",
-			generate:           true,
-			wantPackageName:    "bar",
-			wantImportPath:     "golang.org/x/foo",
-			wantFilenamePrefix: "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
+			desc:            "go_package option sets import path and package",
+			goPackageOption: "golang.org/x/foo;bar",
+			generate:        true,
+			wantPackageName: "bar",
+			wantImportPath:  "golang.org/x/foo",
+			wantFilename:    "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
 		},
 		{
-			desc:               "go_package option sets package",
-			goPackageOption:    "foo",
-			generate:           true,
-			wantPackageName:    "foo",
-			wantImportPath:     "dir",
-			wantFilenamePrefix: "dir/filename",
+			desc:            "go_package option sets package",
+			goPackageOption: "foo",
+			generate:        true,
+			wantPackageName: "foo",
+			wantImportPath:  "dir",
+			wantFilename:    "dir/filename",
 		},
 		{
-			desc:               "command line sets import path for a file",
-			parameter:          "Mdir/filename.proto=golang.org/x/bar",
-			goPackageOption:    "golang.org/x/foo",
-			generate:           true,
-			wantPackageName:    "foo",
-			wantImportPath:     "golang.org/x/bar",
-			wantFilenamePrefix: "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
+			desc:            "command line sets import path for a file",
+			parameter:       "Mdir/filename.proto=golang.org/x/bar",
+			goPackageOption: "golang.org/x/foo",
+			generate:        true,
+			wantPackageName: "foo",
+			wantImportPath:  "golang.org/x/bar",
+			wantFilename:    "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
 		},
 		{
-			desc:               "command line sets import path for a file with package name specified",
-			parameter:          "Mdir/filename.proto=golang.org/x/bar;bar",
-			goPackageOption:    "golang.org/x/foo",
-			generate:           true,
-			wantPackageName:    "bar",
-			wantImportPath:     "golang.org/x/bar",
-			wantFilenamePrefix: "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
+			desc:            "command line sets import path for a file with package name specified",
+			parameter:       "Mdir/filename.proto=golang.org/x/bar;bar",
+			goPackageOption: "golang.org/x/foo",
+			generate:        true,
+			wantPackageName: "bar",
+			wantImportPath:  "golang.org/x/bar",
+			wantFilename:    "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
 		},
 		{
-			desc:               "import_path parameter sets import path of generated files",
-			parameter:          "import_path=golang.org/x/bar",
-			goPackageOption:    "golang.org/x/foo",
-			generate:           true,
-			wantPackageName:    "foo",
-			wantImportPath:     "golang.org/x/bar",
-			wantFilenamePrefix: "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
+			desc:            "import_path parameter sets import path of generated files",
+			parameter:       "import_path=golang.org/x/bar",
+			goPackageOption: "golang.org/x/foo",
+			generate:        true,
+			wantPackageName: "foo",
+			wantImportPath:  "golang.org/x/bar",
+			wantFilename:    "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
 		},
 		{
-			desc:               "import_path parameter does not set import path of dependencies",
-			parameter:          "import_path=golang.org/x/bar",
-			goPackageOption:    "golang.org/x/foo",
-			generate:           false,
-			wantPackageName:    "foo",
-			wantImportPath:     "golang.org/x/foo",
-			wantFilenamePrefix: "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
+			desc:            "import_path parameter does not set import path of dependencies",
+			parameter:       "import_path=golang.org/x/bar",
+			goPackageOption: "golang.org/x/foo",
+			generate:        false,
+			wantPackageName: "foo",
+			wantImportPath:  "golang.org/x/foo",
+			wantFilename:    "golang.org/x/foo/filename",
 		},
 		{
-			desc:               "paths=import uses import path from command line",
-			parameter:          "paths=import,Mdir/filename.proto=golang.org/x/bar",
-			goPackageOption:    "golang.org/x/foo",
-			generate:           true,
-			wantPackageName:    "foo",
-			wantImportPath:     "golang.org/x/bar",
-			wantFilenamePrefix: "golang.org/x/bar/filename",
+			desc:            "module option set",
+			parameter:       "module=golang.org/x",
+			goPackageOption: "golang.org/x/foo",
+			generate:        false,
+			wantPackageName: "foo",
+			wantImportPath:  "golang.org/x/foo",
+			wantFilename:    "foo/filename",
+		},
+		{
+			desc:            "paths=import uses import path from command line",
+			parameter:       "paths=import,Mdir/filename.proto=golang.org/x/bar",
+			goPackageOption: "golang.org/x/foo",
+			generate:        true,
+			wantPackageName: "foo",
+			wantImportPath:  "golang.org/x/bar",
+			wantFilename:    "golang.org/x/bar/filename",
+		},
+		{
+			desc:            "module option implies paths=import",
+			parameter:       "module=golang.org/x,Mdir/filename.proto=golang.org/x/foo",
+			generate:        false,
+			wantPackageName: "proto_package",
+			wantImportPath:  "golang.org/x/foo",
+			wantFilename:    "foo/filename",
 		},
 	} {
 		context := fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -218,8 +235,10 @@
 		if got, want := gotFile.GoImportPath, test.wantImportPath; got != want {
 			t.Errorf("%vGoImportPath=%v, want %v", context, got, want)
 		}
-		if got, want := gotFile.GeneratedFilenamePrefix, test.wantFilenamePrefix; got != want {
-			t.Errorf("%vGeneratedFilenamePrefix=%v, want %v", context, got, want)
+		gen.NewGeneratedFile(gotFile.GeneratedFilenamePrefix, "")
+		resp := gen.Response()
+		if got, want := resp.File[0].GetName(), test.wantFilename; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("%vgenerated filename=%v, want %v", context, got, want)
 		}
 	}
 }