// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package prototext_test

import (
	"bytes"
	"math"
	"testing"

	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"

	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/prototext"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/detrand"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/flags"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoregistry"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/testing/protopack"

	pb2 "google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/testprotos/textpb2"
	pb3 "google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/testprotos/textpb3"
	pbeditions "google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/testprotos/textpbeditions"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/anypb"
)

func init() {
	// Disable detrand to enable direct comparisons on outputs.
	detrand.Disable()
}

func TestMarshal(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		desc    string
		mo      prototext.MarshalOptions
		input   proto.Message
		want    string
		wantErr bool // TODO: Verify error message content.
		skip    bool
	}{{
		desc:  "proto2 optional scalars not set",
		input: &pb2.Scalars{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc:  "protoeditions optional scalars not set",
		input: &pbeditions.Scalars{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc:  "proto3 scalars not set",
		input: &pb3.Scalars{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc:  "proto3 optional not set",
		input: &pb3.Proto3Optional{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc:  "protoeditions implicit not set",
		input: &pbeditions.ImplicitScalars{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 optional scalars set to zero values",
		input: &pb2.Scalars{
			OptBool:     proto.Bool(false),
			OptInt32:    proto.Int32(0),
			OptInt64:    proto.Int64(0),
			OptUint32:   proto.Uint32(0),
			OptUint64:   proto.Uint64(0),
			OptSint32:   proto.Int32(0),
			OptSint64:   proto.Int64(0),
			OptFixed32:  proto.Uint32(0),
			OptFixed64:  proto.Uint64(0),
			OptSfixed32: proto.Int32(0),
			OptSfixed64: proto.Int64(0),
			OptFloat:    proto.Float32(0),
			OptDouble:   proto.Float64(0),
			OptBytes:    []byte{},
			OptString:   proto.String(""),
		},
		want: `opt_bool: false
opt_int32: 0
opt_int64: 0
opt_uint32: 0
opt_uint64: 0
opt_sint32: 0
opt_sint64: 0
opt_fixed32: 0
opt_fixed64: 0
opt_sfixed32: 0
opt_sfixed64: 0
opt_float: 0
opt_double: 0
opt_bytes: ""
opt_string: ""
`,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions optional scalars set to zero values",
		input: &pbeditions.Scalars{
			OptBool:     proto.Bool(false),
			OptInt32:    proto.Int32(0),
			OptInt64:    proto.Int64(0),
			OptUint32:   proto.Uint32(0),
			OptUint64:   proto.Uint64(0),
			OptSint32:   proto.Int32(0),
			OptSint64:   proto.Int64(0),
			OptFixed32:  proto.Uint32(0),
			OptFixed64:  proto.Uint64(0),
			OptSfixed32: proto.Int32(0),
			OptSfixed64: proto.Int64(0),
			OptFloat:    proto.Float32(0),
			OptDouble:   proto.Float64(0),
			OptBytes:    []byte{},
			OptString:   proto.String(""),
		},
		want: `opt_bool: false
opt_int32: 0
opt_int64: 0
opt_uint32: 0
opt_uint64: 0
opt_sint32: 0
opt_sint64: 0
opt_fixed32: 0
opt_fixed64: 0
opt_sfixed32: 0
opt_sfixed64: 0
opt_float: 0
opt_double: 0
opt_bytes: ""
opt_string: ""
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 optional set to zero values",
		input: &pb3.Proto3Optional{
			OptBool:    proto.Bool(false),
			OptInt32:   proto.Int32(0),
			OptInt64:   proto.Int64(0),
			OptUint32:  proto.Uint32(0),
			OptUint64:  proto.Uint64(0),
			OptFloat:   proto.Float32(0),
			OptDouble:  proto.Float64(0),
			OptString:  proto.String(""),
			OptBytes:   []byte{},
			OptEnum:    pb3.Enum_ZERO.Enum(),
			OptMessage: &pb3.Nested{},
		},
		want: `opt_bool: false
opt_int32: 0
opt_int64: 0
opt_uint32: 0
opt_uint64: 0
opt_float: 0
opt_double: 0
opt_string: ""
opt_bytes: ""
opt_enum: ZERO
opt_message: {}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 scalars set to zero values",
		input: &pb3.Scalars{
			SBool:     false,
			SInt32:    0,
			SInt64:    0,
			SUint32:   0,
			SUint64:   0,
			SSint32:   0,
			SSint64:   0,
			SFixed32:  0,
			SFixed64:  0,
			SSfixed32: 0,
			SSfixed64: 0,
			SFloat:    0,
			SDouble:   0,
			SBytes:    []byte{},
			SString:   "",
		},
		want: "",
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions implicit scalars set to zero values",
		input: &pbeditions.ImplicitScalars{
			SBool:     false,
			SInt32:    0,
			SInt64:    0,
			SUint32:   0,
			SUint64:   0,
			SSint32:   0,
			SSint64:   0,
			SFixed32:  0,
			SFixed64:  0,
			SSfixed32: 0,
			SSfixed64: 0,
			SFloat:    0,
			SDouble:   0,
			SBytes:    []byte{},
			SString:   "",
		},
		want: "",
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 optional scalars set to some values",
		input: &pb2.Scalars{
			OptBool:     proto.Bool(true),
			OptInt32:    proto.Int32(0xff),
			OptInt64:    proto.Int64(0xdeadbeef),
			OptUint32:   proto.Uint32(47),
			OptUint64:   proto.Uint64(0xdeadbeef),
			OptSint32:   proto.Int32(-1001),
			OptSint64:   proto.Int64(-0xffff),
			OptFixed64:  proto.Uint64(64),
			OptSfixed32: proto.Int32(-32),
			OptFloat:    proto.Float32(1.02),
			OptDouble:   proto.Float64(1.0199999809265137),
			OptBytes:    []byte("\xe8\xb0\xb7\xe6\xad\x8c"),
			OptString:   proto.String("谷歌"),
		},
		want: `opt_bool: true
opt_int32: 255
opt_int64: 3735928559
opt_uint32: 47
opt_uint64: 3735928559
opt_sint32: -1001
opt_sint64: -65535
opt_fixed64: 64
opt_sfixed32: -32
opt_float: 1.02
opt_double: 1.0199999809265137
opt_bytes: "谷歌"
opt_string: "谷歌"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto editions optional scalars set to some values",
		input: &pbeditions.Scalars{
			OptBool:     proto.Bool(true),
			OptInt32:    proto.Int32(0xff),
			OptInt64:    proto.Int64(0xdeadbeef),
			OptUint32:   proto.Uint32(47),
			OptUint64:   proto.Uint64(0xdeadbeef),
			OptSint32:   proto.Int32(-1001),
			OptSint64:   proto.Int64(-0xffff),
			OptFixed64:  proto.Uint64(64),
			OptSfixed32: proto.Int32(-32),
			OptFloat:    proto.Float32(1.02),
			OptDouble:   proto.Float64(1.0199999809265137),
			OptBytes:    []byte("\xe8\xb0\xb7\xe6\xad\x8c"),
			OptString:   proto.String("谷歌"),
		},
		want: `opt_bool: true
opt_int32: 255
opt_int64: 3735928559
opt_uint32: 47
opt_uint64: 3735928559
opt_sint32: -1001
opt_sint64: -65535
opt_fixed64: 64
opt_sfixed32: -32
opt_float: 1.02
opt_double: 1.0199999809265137
opt_bytes: "谷歌"
opt_string: "谷歌"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 string with invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pb2.Scalars{
			OptString: proto.String("abc\xff"),
		},
		want: `opt_string: "abc\xff"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions string with invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pbeditions.Scalars{
			OptString: proto.String("abc\xff"),
		},
		want: `opt_string: "abc\xff"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 string with invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pb3.Scalars{
			SString: "abc\xff",
		},
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions utf8 validated string with invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pbeditions.UTF8Validated{
			ValidatedString: "abc\xff",
		},
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "float nan",
		input: &pb3.Scalars{
			SFloat: float32(math.NaN()),
		},
		want: "s_float: nan\n",
	}, {
		desc: "float positive infinity",
		input: &pb3.Scalars{
			SFloat: float32(math.Inf(1)),
		},
		want: "s_float: inf\n",
	}, {
		desc: "float negative infinity",
		input: &pb3.Scalars{
			SFloat: float32(math.Inf(-1)),
		},
		want: "s_float: -inf\n",
	}, {
		desc: "double nan",
		input: &pb3.Scalars{
			SDouble: math.NaN(),
		},
		want: "s_double: nan\n",
	}, {
		desc: "double positive infinity",
		input: &pb3.Scalars{
			SDouble: math.Inf(1),
		},
		want: "s_double: inf\n",
	}, {
		desc: "double negative infinity",
		input: &pb3.Scalars{
			SDouble: math.Inf(-1),
		},
		want: "s_double: -inf\n",
	}, {
		desc:  "proto2 enum not set",
		input: &pb2.Enums{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 enum set to zero value",
		input: &pb2.Enums{
			OptEnum:       pb2.Enum(0).Enum(),
			OptNestedEnum: pb2.Enums_NestedEnum(0).Enum(),
		},
		want: `opt_enum: 0
opt_nested_enum: 0
`,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions enum set to zero value",
		input: &pbeditions.Enums{
			OptEnum:       pbeditions.Enum(0).Enum(),
			OptNestedEnum: pbeditions.Enums_NestedEnum(0).Enum(),
		},
		want: `opt_enum: 0
opt_nested_enum: 0
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 enum",
		input: &pb2.Enums{
			OptEnum:       pb2.Enum_ONE.Enum(),
			OptNestedEnum: pb2.Enums_UNO.Enum(),
		},
		want: `opt_enum: ONE
opt_nested_enum: UNO
`,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions enum",
		input: &pbeditions.Enums{
			OptEnum:       pbeditions.Enum_ONE.Enum(),
			OptNestedEnum: pbeditions.Enums_UNO.Enum(),
		},
		want: `opt_enum: ONE
opt_nested_enum: UNO
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 enum set to numeric values",
		input: &pb2.Enums{
			OptEnum:       pb2.Enum(2).Enum(),
			OptNestedEnum: pb2.Enums_NestedEnum(2).Enum(),
		},
		want: `opt_enum: TWO
opt_nested_enum: DOS
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 enum set to unnamed numeric values",
		input: &pb2.Enums{
			OptEnum:       pb2.Enum(101).Enum(),
			OptNestedEnum: pb2.Enums_NestedEnum(-101).Enum(),
		},
		want: `opt_enum: 101
opt_nested_enum: -101
`,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions enum set to unnamed numeric values",
		input: &pbeditions.Enums{
			OptEnum:       pbeditions.Enum(101).Enum(),
			OptNestedEnum: pbeditions.Enums_NestedEnum(-101).Enum(),
		},
		want: `opt_enum: 101
opt_nested_enum: -101
`,
	}, {
		desc:  "proto3 enum not set",
		input: &pb3.Enums{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 enum set to zero value",
		input: &pb3.Enums{
			SEnum:       pb3.Enum_ZERO,
			SNestedEnum: pb3.Enums_CERO,
		},
		want: "",
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions implicit enum field set to default value",
		input: &pbeditions.Enums{
			ImplicitEnum: pbeditions.OpenEnum_UNKNOWN,
		},
		want: "",
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions implicit enum field",
		input: &pbeditions.Enums{
			ImplicitEnum:       pbeditions.OpenEnum_EINS,
			ImplicitNestedEnum: pbeditions.Enums_ZEHN,
		},
		want: `implicit_enum: EINS
implicit_nested_enum: ZEHN
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 enum",
		input: &pb3.Enums{
			SEnum:       pb3.Enum_ONE,
			SNestedEnum: pb3.Enums_UNO,
		},
		want: `s_enum: ONE
s_nested_enum: UNO
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 enum set to numeric values",
		input: &pb3.Enums{
			SEnum:       2,
			SNestedEnum: 2,
		},
		want: `s_enum: TWO
s_nested_enum: DOS
`,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions implicit enum set to unnamed numeric values",
		input: &pbeditions.Enums{
			ImplicitEnum:       -47,
			ImplicitNestedEnum: 47,
		},
		want: `implicit_enum: -47
implicit_nested_enum: 47
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 enum set to unnamed numeric values",
		input: &pb3.Enums{
			SEnum:       -47,
			SNestedEnum: 47,
		},
		want: `s_enum: -47
s_nested_enum: 47
`,
	}, {
		desc:  "proto2 nested message not set",
		input: &pb2.Nests{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 nested message set to empty",
		input: &pb2.Nests{
			OptNested: &pb2.Nested{},
			Optgroup:  &pb2.Nests_OptGroup{},
		},
		want: `opt_nested: {}
OptGroup: {}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions nested message set to empty",
		input: &pbeditions.Nests{
			OptNested: &pbeditions.Nested{},
			Optgroup:  &pbeditions.Nests_OptGroup{},
		},
		want: `opt_nested: {}
OptGroup: {}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 nested messages",
		input: &pb2.Nests{
			OptNested: &pb2.Nested{
				OptString: proto.String("nested message"),
				OptNested: &pb2.Nested{
					OptString: proto.String("another nested message"),
				},
			},
		},
		want: `opt_nested: {
  opt_string: "nested message"
  opt_nested: {
    opt_string: "another nested message"
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions nested messages",
		input: &pbeditions.Nests{
			OptNested: &pbeditions.Nested{
				OptString: proto.String("nested message"),
				OptNested: &pbeditions.Nested{
					OptString: proto.String("another nested message"),
				},
			},
		},
		want: `opt_nested: {
  opt_string: "nested message"
  opt_nested: {
    opt_string: "another nested message"
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 groups",
		input: &pb2.Nests{
			Optgroup: &pb2.Nests_OptGroup{
				OptString: proto.String("inside a group"),
				OptNested: &pb2.Nested{
					OptString: proto.String("nested message inside a group"),
				},
				Optnestedgroup: &pb2.Nests_OptGroup_OptNestedGroup{
					OptFixed32: proto.Uint32(47),
				},
			},
		},
		want: `OptGroup: {
  opt_string: "inside a group"
  opt_nested: {
    opt_string: "nested message inside a group"
  }
  OptNestedGroup: {
    opt_fixed32: 47
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions delimited encoded meesage field",
		input: &pbeditions.Nests{
			Optgroup: &pbeditions.Nests_OptGroup{
				OptString: proto.String("inside a group"),
				OptNested: &pbeditions.Nested{
					OptString: proto.String("nested message inside a group"),
				},
				Optnestedgroup: &pbeditions.Nests_OptGroup_OptNestedGroup{
					OptFixed32: proto.Uint32(47),
				},
			},
		},
		want: `OptGroup: {
  opt_string: "inside a group"
  opt_nested: {
    opt_string: "nested message inside a group"
  }
  OptNestedGroup: {
    opt_fixed32: 47
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc:  "proto3 nested message not set",
		input: &pb3.Nests{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 nested message set to empty",
		input: &pb3.Nests{
			SNested: &pb3.Nested{},
		},
		want: "s_nested: {}\n",
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 nested message",
		input: &pb3.Nests{
			SNested: &pb3.Nested{
				SString: "nested message",
				SNested: &pb3.Nested{
					SString: "another nested message",
				},
			},
		},
		want: `s_nested: {
  s_string: "nested message"
  s_nested: {
    s_string: "another nested message"
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 nested message contains invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pb3.Nests{
			SNested: &pb3.Nested{
				SString: "abc\xff",
			},
		},
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "protoeditions nested message contains invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pbeditions.NestsUTF8Validated{
			ValidatedMessage: &pbeditions.UTF8Validated{
				ValidatedString: "abc\xff",
			},
		},
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc:  "oneof not set",
		input: &pb3.Oneofs{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc: "oneof set to empty string",
		input: &pb3.Oneofs{
			Union: &pb3.Oneofs_OneofString{},
		},
		want: `oneof_string: ""
`,
	}, {
		desc: "oneof set to string",
		input: &pb3.Oneofs{
			Union: &pb3.Oneofs_OneofString{
				OneofString: "hello",
			},
		},
		want: `oneof_string: "hello"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "oneof set to enum",
		input: &pb3.Oneofs{
			Union: &pb3.Oneofs_OneofEnum{
				OneofEnum: pb3.Enum_ZERO,
			},
		},
		want: `oneof_enum: ZERO
`,
	}, {
		desc: "oneof set to empty message",
		input: &pb3.Oneofs{
			Union: &pb3.Oneofs_OneofNested{
				OneofNested: &pb3.Nested{},
			},
		},
		want: "oneof_nested: {}\n",
	}, {
		desc: "oneof set to message",
		input: &pb3.Oneofs{
			Union: &pb3.Oneofs_OneofNested{
				OneofNested: &pb3.Nested{
					SString: "nested message",
				},
			},
		},
		want: `oneof_nested: {
  s_string: "nested message"
}
`,
	}, {
		desc:  "repeated fields not set",
		input: &pb2.Repeats{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc: "repeated fields set to empty slices",
		input: &pb2.Repeats{
			RptBool:   []bool{},
			RptInt32:  []int32{},
			RptInt64:  []int64{},
			RptUint32: []uint32{},
			RptUint64: []uint64{},
			RptFloat:  []float32{},
			RptDouble: []float64{},
			RptBytes:  [][]byte{},
		},
		want: "",
	}, {
		desc: "repeated fields set to some values",
		input: &pb2.Repeats{
			RptBool:   []bool{true, false, true, true},
			RptInt32:  []int32{1, 6, 0, 0},
			RptInt64:  []int64{-64, 47},
			RptUint32: []uint32{0xff, 0xffff},
			RptUint64: []uint64{0xdeadbeef},
			RptFloat:  []float32{float32(math.NaN()), float32(math.Inf(1)), float32(math.Inf(-1)), 1.034},
			RptDouble: []float64{math.NaN(), math.Inf(1), math.Inf(-1), 1.23e-308},
			RptString: []string{"hello", "世界"},
			RptBytes: [][]byte{
				[]byte("hello"),
				[]byte("\xe4\xb8\x96\xe7\x95\x8c"),
			},
		},
		want: `rpt_bool: true
rpt_bool: false
rpt_bool: true
rpt_bool: true
rpt_int32: 1
rpt_int32: 6
rpt_int32: 0
rpt_int32: 0
rpt_int64: -64
rpt_int64: 47
rpt_uint32: 255
rpt_uint32: 65535
rpt_uint64: 3735928559
rpt_float: nan
rpt_float: inf
rpt_float: -inf
rpt_float: 1.034
rpt_double: nan
rpt_double: inf
rpt_double: -inf
rpt_double: 1.23e-308
rpt_string: "hello"
rpt_string: "世界"
rpt_bytes: "hello"
rpt_bytes: "世界"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "repeated proto2 contains invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pb2.Repeats{
			RptString: []string{"abc\xff"},
		},
		want: `rpt_string: "abc\xff"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "repeated proto3 contains invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pb3.Repeats{
			RptString: []string{"abc\xff"},
		},
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "repeated enums",
		input: &pb2.Enums{
			RptEnum:       []pb2.Enum{pb2.Enum_ONE, 2, pb2.Enum_TEN, 42},
			RptNestedEnum: []pb2.Enums_NestedEnum{2, 47, 10},
		},
		want: `rpt_enum: ONE
rpt_enum: TWO
rpt_enum: TEN
rpt_enum: 42
rpt_nested_enum: DOS
rpt_nested_enum: 47
rpt_nested_enum: DIEZ
`,
	}, {
		desc: "repeated messages set to empty",
		input: &pb2.Nests{
			RptNested: []*pb2.Nested{},
			Rptgroup:  []*pb2.Nests_RptGroup{},
		},
		want: "",
	}, {
		desc: "repeated messages",
		input: &pb2.Nests{
			RptNested: []*pb2.Nested{
				{
					OptString: proto.String("repeat nested one"),
				},
				{
					OptString: proto.String("repeat nested two"),
					OptNested: &pb2.Nested{
						OptString: proto.String("inside repeat nested two"),
					},
				},
				{},
			},
		},
		want: `rpt_nested: {
  opt_string: "repeat nested one"
}
rpt_nested: {
  opt_string: "repeat nested two"
  opt_nested: {
    opt_string: "inside repeat nested two"
  }
}
rpt_nested: {}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "repeated messages contains nil value",
		input: &pb2.Nests{
			RptNested: []*pb2.Nested{nil, {}},
		},
		want: `rpt_nested: {}
rpt_nested: {}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "repeated groups",
		input: &pb2.Nests{
			Rptgroup: []*pb2.Nests_RptGroup{
				{
					RptString: []string{"hello", "world"},
				},
				{},
				nil,
			},
		},
		want: `RptGroup: {
  rpt_string: "hello"
  rpt_string: "world"
}
RptGroup: {}
RptGroup: {}
`,
	}, {
		desc:  "map fields not set",
		input: &pb3.Maps{},
		want:  "",
	}, {
		desc: "map fields set to empty",
		input: &pb3.Maps{
			Int32ToStr:   map[int32]string{},
			BoolToUint32: map[bool]uint32{},
			Uint64ToEnum: map[uint64]pb3.Enum{},
			StrToNested:  map[string]*pb3.Nested{},
			StrToOneofs:  map[string]*pb3.Oneofs{},
		},
		want: "",
	}, {
		desc: "map fields 1",
		input: &pb3.Maps{
			Int32ToStr: map[int32]string{
				-101: "-101",
				0xff: "0xff",
				0:    "zero",
			},
			BoolToUint32: map[bool]uint32{
				true:  42,
				false: 101,
			},
		},
		want: `int32_to_str: {
  key: -101
  value: "-101"
}
int32_to_str: {
  key: 0
  value: "zero"
}
int32_to_str: {
  key: 255
  value: "0xff"
}
bool_to_uint32: {
  key: false
  value: 101
}
bool_to_uint32: {
  key: true
  value: 42
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "map fields 2",
		input: &pb3.Maps{
			Uint64ToEnum: map[uint64]pb3.Enum{
				1:  pb3.Enum_ONE,
				2:  pb3.Enum_TWO,
				10: pb3.Enum_TEN,
				47: 47,
			},
		},
		want: `uint64_to_enum: {
  key: 1
  value: ONE
}
uint64_to_enum: {
  key: 2
  value: TWO
}
uint64_to_enum: {
  key: 10
  value: TEN
}
uint64_to_enum: {
  key: 47
  value: 47
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "map fields 3",
		input: &pb3.Maps{
			StrToNested: map[string]*pb3.Nested{
				"nested": &pb3.Nested{
					SString: "nested in a map",
				},
			},
		},
		want: `str_to_nested: {
  key: "nested"
  value: {
    s_string: "nested in a map"
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "map fields 4",
		input: &pb3.Maps{
			StrToOneofs: map[string]*pb3.Oneofs{
				"string": &pb3.Oneofs{
					Union: &pb3.Oneofs_OneofString{
						OneofString: "hello",
					},
				},
				"nested": &pb3.Oneofs{
					Union: &pb3.Oneofs_OneofNested{
						OneofNested: &pb3.Nested{
							SString: "nested oneof in map field value",
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
		want: `str_to_oneofs: {
  key: "nested"
  value: {
    oneof_nested: {
      s_string: "nested oneof in map field value"
    }
  }
}
str_to_oneofs: {
  key: "string"
  value: {
    oneof_string: "hello"
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 map field value contains invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pb2.Maps{
			Int32ToStr: map[int32]string{
				101: "abc\xff",
			},
		},
		want: `int32_to_str: {
  key: 101
  value: "abc\xff"
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 map field key contains invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pb2.Maps{
			StrToNested: map[string]*pb2.Nested{
				"abc\xff": {},
			},
		},
		want: `str_to_nested: {
  key: "abc\xff"
  value: {}
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 map field value contains invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pb3.Maps{
			Int32ToStr: map[int32]string{
				101: "abc\xff",
			},
		},
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "proto3 map field key contains invalid UTF-8",
		input: &pb3.Maps{
			StrToNested: map[string]*pb3.Nested{
				"abc\xff": {},
			},
		},
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "map field contains nil value",
		input: &pb3.Maps{
			StrToNested: map[string]*pb3.Nested{
				"nil": nil,
			},
		},
		want: `str_to_nested: {
  key: "nil"
  value: {}
}
`,
	}, {
		desc:    "required fields not set",
		input:   &pb2.Requireds{},
		want:    "",
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "required fields partially set",
		input: &pb2.Requireds{
			ReqBool:     proto.Bool(false),
			ReqSfixed64: proto.Int64(0xbeefcafe),
			ReqDouble:   proto.Float64(math.NaN()),
			ReqString:   proto.String("hello"),
			ReqEnum:     pb2.Enum_ONE.Enum(),
		},
		want: `req_bool: false
req_sfixed64: 3203386110
req_double: nan
req_string: "hello"
req_enum: ONE
`,
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "required fields not set with AllowPartial",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true},
		input: &pb2.Requireds{
			ReqBool:     proto.Bool(false),
			ReqSfixed64: proto.Int64(0xbeefcafe),
			ReqDouble:   proto.Float64(math.NaN()),
			ReqString:   proto.String("hello"),
			ReqEnum:     pb2.Enum_ONE.Enum(),
		},
		want: `req_bool: false
req_sfixed64: 3203386110
req_double: nan
req_string: "hello"
req_enum: ONE
`,
	}, {
		desc: "required fields all set",
		input: &pb2.Requireds{
			ReqBool:     proto.Bool(false),
			ReqSfixed64: proto.Int64(0),
			ReqDouble:   proto.Float64(1.23),
			ReqString:   proto.String(""),
			ReqEnum:     pb2.Enum_ONE.Enum(),
			ReqNested:   &pb2.Nested{},
		},
		want: `req_bool: false
req_sfixed64: 0
req_double: 1.23
req_string: ""
req_enum: ONE
req_nested: {}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "indirect required field",
		input: &pb2.IndirectRequired{
			OptNested: &pb2.NestedWithRequired{},
		},
		want:    "opt_nested: {}\n",
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "indirect required field with AllowPartial",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true},
		input: &pb2.IndirectRequired{
			OptNested: &pb2.NestedWithRequired{},
		},
		want: "opt_nested: {}\n",
	}, {
		desc: "indirect required field in empty repeated",
		input: &pb2.IndirectRequired{
			RptNested: []*pb2.NestedWithRequired{},
		},
		want: "",
	}, {
		desc: "indirect required field in repeated",
		input: &pb2.IndirectRequired{
			RptNested: []*pb2.NestedWithRequired{
				&pb2.NestedWithRequired{},
			},
		},
		want:    "rpt_nested: {}\n",
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "indirect required field in repeated with AllowPartial",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true},
		input: &pb2.IndirectRequired{
			RptNested: []*pb2.NestedWithRequired{
				&pb2.NestedWithRequired{},
			},
		},
		want: "rpt_nested: {}\n",
	}, {
		desc: "indirect required field in empty map",
		input: &pb2.IndirectRequired{
			StrToNested: map[string]*pb2.NestedWithRequired{},
		},
		want: "",
	}, {
		desc: "indirect required field in map",
		input: &pb2.IndirectRequired{
			StrToNested: map[string]*pb2.NestedWithRequired{
				"fail": &pb2.NestedWithRequired{},
			},
		},
		want: `str_to_nested: {
  key: "fail"
  value: {}
}
`,
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "indirect required field in map with AllowPartial",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true},
		input: &pb2.IndirectRequired{
			StrToNested: map[string]*pb2.NestedWithRequired{
				"fail": &pb2.NestedWithRequired{},
			},
		},
		want: `str_to_nested: {
  key: "fail"
  value: {}
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "indirect required field in oneof",
		input: &pb2.IndirectRequired{
			Union: &pb2.IndirectRequired_OneofNested{
				OneofNested: &pb2.NestedWithRequired{},
			},
		},
		want:    "oneof_nested: {}\n",
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "indirect required field in oneof with AllowPartial",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true},
		input: &pb2.IndirectRequired{
			Union: &pb2.IndirectRequired_OneofNested{
				OneofNested: &pb2.NestedWithRequired{},
			},
		},
		want: "oneof_nested: {}\n",
	}, {
		desc: "unknown fields not printed",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Scalars{
				OptString: proto.String("this message contains unknown fields"),
			}
			m.ProtoReflect().SetUnknown(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{101, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
				protopack.Tag{102, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(0xff),
				protopack.Tag{103, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(47),
				protopack.Tag{104, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(0xdeadbeef),
			}.Marshal())
			return m
		}(),
		want: `opt_string: "this message contains unknown fields"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "unknown varint and fixed types",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{EmitUnknown: true},
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Scalars{
				OptString: proto.String("this message contains unknown fields"),
			}
			m.ProtoReflect().SetUnknown(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{101, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
				protopack.Tag{102, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(0xff),
				protopack.Tag{103, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(0x47),
				protopack.Tag{104, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(0xdeadbeef),
			}.Marshal())
			return m
		}(),
		want: `opt_string: "this message contains unknown fields"
101: 1
102: 255
103: 0x47
104: 0xdeadbeef
`,
	}, {
		desc: "unknown length-delimited",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{EmitUnknown: true},
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := new(pb2.Scalars)
			m.ProtoReflect().SetUnknown(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{101, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Bool(true), protopack.Bool(false)},
				protopack.Tag{102, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("hello world"),
				protopack.Tag{103, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("\xe4\xb8\x96\xe7\x95\x8c"),
			}.Marshal())
			return m
		}(),
		want: `101: "\x01\x00"
102: "hello world"
103: "世界"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "unknown group type",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{EmitUnknown: true},
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := new(pb2.Scalars)
			m.ProtoReflect().SetUnknown(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{101, protopack.StartGroupType}, protopack.Tag{101, protopack.EndGroupType},
				protopack.Tag{102, protopack.StartGroupType},
				protopack.Tag{101, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(false),
				protopack.Tag{102, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("inside a group"),
				protopack.Tag{102, protopack.EndGroupType},
			}.Marshal())
			return m
		}(),
		want: `101: {}
102: {
  101: 0
  102: "inside a group"
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "unknown unpack repeated field",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{EmitUnknown: true},
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := new(pb2.Scalars)
			m.ProtoReflect().SetUnknown(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{101, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Bool(true), protopack.Bool(false), protopack.Bool(true)},
				protopack.Tag{102, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("hello"),
				protopack.Tag{101, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
				protopack.Tag{102, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("世界"),
			}.Marshal())
			return m
		}(),
		want: `101: "\x01\x00\x01"
102: "hello"
101: 1
102: "世界"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "extensions of non-repeated fields",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Extensions{
				OptString: proto.String("non-extension field"),
				OptBool:   proto.Bool(true),
				OptInt32:  proto.Int32(42),
			}
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_OptExtBool, true)
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_OptExtString, "extension field")
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_OptExtEnum, pb2.Enum_TEN)
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_OptExtNested, &pb2.Nested{
				OptString: proto.String("nested in an extension"),
				OptNested: &pb2.Nested{
					OptString: proto.String("another nested in an extension"),
				},
			})
			return m
		}(),
		want: `opt_string: "non-extension field"
opt_bool: true
opt_int32: 42
[pb2.opt_ext_bool]: true
[pb2.opt_ext_enum]: TEN
[pb2.opt_ext_nested]: {
  opt_string: "nested in an extension"
  opt_nested: {
    opt_string: "another nested in an extension"
  }
}
[pb2.opt_ext_string]: "extension field"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "proto2 extension field contains invalid UTF-8",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Extensions{}
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_OptExtString, "abc\xff")
			return m
		}(),
		want: `[pb2.opt_ext_string]: "abc\xff"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "extension partial returns error",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Extensions{}
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_OptExtPartial, &pb2.PartialRequired{
				OptString: proto.String("partial1"),
			})
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_ExtensionsContainer_OptExtPartial, &pb2.PartialRequired{
				OptString: proto.String("partial2"),
			})
			return m
		}(),
		want: `[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.opt_ext_partial]: {
  opt_string: "partial2"
}
[pb2.opt_ext_partial]: {
  opt_string: "partial1"
}
`,
		wantErr: true,
	}, {
		desc: "extension partial with AllowPartial",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{AllowPartial: true},
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Extensions{}
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_OptExtPartial, &pb2.PartialRequired{
				OptString: proto.String("partial1"),
			})
			return m
		}(),
		want: `[pb2.opt_ext_partial]: {
  opt_string: "partial1"
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "extensions of repeated fields",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Extensions{}
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_RptExtEnum, []pb2.Enum{pb2.Enum_TEN, 101, pb2.Enum_ONE})
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_RptExtFixed32, []uint32{42, 47})
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_RptExtNested, []*pb2.Nested{
				&pb2.Nested{OptString: proto.String("one")},
				&pb2.Nested{OptString: proto.String("two")},
				&pb2.Nested{OptString: proto.String("three")},
			})
			return m
		}(),
		want: `[pb2.rpt_ext_enum]: TEN
[pb2.rpt_ext_enum]: 101
[pb2.rpt_ext_enum]: ONE
[pb2.rpt_ext_fixed32]: 42
[pb2.rpt_ext_fixed32]: 47
[pb2.rpt_ext_nested]: {
  opt_string: "one"
}
[pb2.rpt_ext_nested]: {
  opt_string: "two"
}
[pb2.rpt_ext_nested]: {
  opt_string: "three"
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "extensions of non-repeated fields in another message",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Extensions{}
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_ExtensionsContainer_OptExtBool, true)
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_ExtensionsContainer_OptExtString, "extension field")
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_ExtensionsContainer_OptExtEnum, pb2.Enum_TEN)
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_ExtensionsContainer_OptExtNested, &pb2.Nested{
				OptString: proto.String("nested in an extension"),
				OptNested: &pb2.Nested{
					OptString: proto.String("another nested in an extension"),
				},
			})
			return m
		}(),
		want: `[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.opt_ext_bool]: true
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.opt_ext_enum]: TEN
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.opt_ext_nested]: {
  opt_string: "nested in an extension"
  opt_nested: {
    opt_string: "another nested in an extension"
  }
}
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.opt_ext_string]: "extension field"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "extensions of repeated fields in another message",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Extensions{
				OptString: proto.String("non-extension field"),
				OptBool:   proto.Bool(true),
				OptInt32:  proto.Int32(42),
			}
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_ExtensionsContainer_RptExtEnum, []pb2.Enum{pb2.Enum_TEN, 101, pb2.Enum_ONE})
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_ExtensionsContainer_RptExtString, []string{"hello", "world"})
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_ExtensionsContainer_RptExtNested, []*pb2.Nested{
				&pb2.Nested{OptString: proto.String("one")},
				&pb2.Nested{OptString: proto.String("two")},
				&pb2.Nested{OptString: proto.String("three")},
			})
			return m
		}(),
		want: `opt_string: "non-extension field"
opt_bool: true
opt_int32: 42
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.rpt_ext_enum]: TEN
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.rpt_ext_enum]: 101
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.rpt_ext_enum]: ONE
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.rpt_ext_nested]: {
  opt_string: "one"
}
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.rpt_ext_nested]: {
  opt_string: "two"
}
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.rpt_ext_nested]: {
  opt_string: "three"
}
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.rpt_ext_string]: "hello"
[pb2.ExtensionsContainer.rpt_ext_string]: "world"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "MessageSet",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.MessageSet{}
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_MessageSetExtension_MessageSetExtension, &pb2.MessageSetExtension{
				OptString: proto.String("a messageset extension"),
			})
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_MessageSetExtension_NotMessageSetExtension, &pb2.MessageSetExtension{
				OptString: proto.String("not a messageset extension"),
			})
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_MessageSetExtension_ExtNested, &pb2.Nested{
				OptString: proto.String("just a regular extension"),
			})
			return m
		}(),
		want: `[pb2.MessageSetExtension.ext_nested]: {
  opt_string: "just a regular extension"
}
[pb2.MessageSetExtension]: {
  opt_string: "a messageset extension"
}
[pb2.MessageSetExtension.not_message_set_extension]: {
  opt_string: "not a messageset extension"
}
`,
		skip: !flags.ProtoLegacy,
	}, {
		desc: "not real MessageSet 1",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.FakeMessageSet{}
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_FakeMessageSetExtension_MessageSetExtension, &pb2.FakeMessageSetExtension{
				OptString: proto.String("not a messageset extension"),
			})
			return m
		}(),
		want: `[pb2.FakeMessageSetExtension.message_set_extension]: {
  opt_string: "not a messageset extension"
}
`,
		skip: !flags.ProtoLegacy,
	}, {
		desc: "not real MessageSet 2",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.MessageSet{}
			proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_MessageSetExtension, &pb2.FakeMessageSetExtension{
				OptString: proto.String("another not a messageset extension"),
			})
			return m
		}(),
		want: `[pb2.message_set_extension]: {
  opt_string: "another not a messageset extension"
}
`,
		skip: !flags.ProtoLegacy,
	}, {
		desc: "Any not expanded",
		mo: prototext.MarshalOptions{
			Resolver: new(protoregistry.Types),
		},
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Nested{
				OptString: proto.String("embedded inside Any"),
				OptNested: &pb2.Nested{
					OptString: proto.String("inception"),
				},
			}
			b, err := proto.MarshalOptions{Deterministic: true}.Marshal(m)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("error in binary marshaling message for Any.value: %v", err)
			}
			return &anypb.Any{
				TypeUrl: "pb2.Nested",
				Value:   b,
			}
		}(),
		want: `type_url: "pb2.Nested"
value: "\n\x13embedded inside Any\x12\x0b\n\tinception"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "Any expanded",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.Nested{
				OptString: proto.String("embedded inside Any"),
				OptNested: &pb2.Nested{
					OptString: proto.String("inception"),
				},
			}
			b, err := proto.MarshalOptions{Deterministic: true}.Marshal(m)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("error in binary marshaling message for Any.value: %v", err)
			}
			return &anypb.Any{
				TypeUrl: "foo/pb2.Nested",
				Value:   b,
			}
		}(),
		want: `[foo/pb2.Nested]: {
  opt_string: "embedded inside Any"
  opt_nested: {
    opt_string: "inception"
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "Any expanded with missing required",
		input: func() proto.Message {
			m := &pb2.PartialRequired{
				OptString: proto.String("embedded inside Any"),
			}
			b, err := proto.MarshalOptions{
				AllowPartial:  true,
				Deterministic: true,
			}.Marshal(m)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("error in binary marshaling message for Any.value: %v", err)
			}
			return &anypb.Any{
				TypeUrl: string(m.ProtoReflect().Descriptor().FullName()),
				Value:   b,
			}
		}(),
		want: `[pb2.PartialRequired]: {
  opt_string: "embedded inside Any"
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "Any with invalid value",
		input: &anypb.Any{
			TypeUrl: "foo/pb2.Nested",
			Value:   []byte("\x80"),
		},
		want: `type_url: "foo/pb2.Nested"
value: "\x80"
`,
	}, {
		desc: "Any expanded in another message",
		input: func() *pb2.KnownTypes {
			m1 := &pb2.Nested{
				OptString: proto.String("message inside Any of another Any field"),
			}
			b1, err := proto.MarshalOptions{Deterministic: true}.Marshal(m1)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("error in binary marshaling message for Any.value: %v", err)
			}
			m2 := &anypb.Any{
				TypeUrl: "pb2.Nested",
				Value:   b1,
			}
			b2, err := proto.MarshalOptions{Deterministic: true}.Marshal(m2)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("error in binary marshaling message for Any.value: %v", err)
			}
			return &pb2.KnownTypes{
				OptAny: &anypb.Any{
					TypeUrl: "google.protobuf.Any",
					Value:   b2,
				},
			}
		}(),
		want: `opt_any: {
  [google.protobuf.Any]: {
    [pb2.Nested]: {
      opt_string: "message inside Any of another Any field"
    }
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "Any expanded with invalid UTF-8 in proto2",
		input: func() *pb2.KnownTypes {
			m := &pb2.Nested{
				OptString: proto.String("invalid UTF-8 abc\xff"),
			}
			b, err := proto.MarshalOptions{Deterministic: true}.Marshal(m)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("error in binary marshaling message for Any.value: %v", err)
			}
			return &pb2.KnownTypes{
				OptAny: &anypb.Any{
					TypeUrl: "pb2.Nested",
					Value:   b,
				},
			}
		}(),
		want: `opt_any: {
  [pb2.Nested]: {
    opt_string: "invalid UTF-8 abc\xff"
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "Any not expanded due to invalid data",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{EmitASCII: true},
		input: func() *pb2.KnownTypes {
			return &pb2.KnownTypes{
				OptAny: &anypb.Any{
					TypeUrl: "pb3.Scalar",
					Value:   []byte("\xde\xad\xbe\xef"),
				},
			}
		}(),
		want: `opt_any: {
  type_url: "pb3.Scalar"
  value: "\u07ad\xbe\xef"
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "Any inside Any expanded",
		input: func() *pb2.KnownTypes {
			m1 := &pb2.Nested{
				OptString: proto.String("invalid UTF-8 abc\xff"),
			}
			b1, err := proto.MarshalOptions{Deterministic: true}.Marshal(m1)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("error in binary marshaling message for Any.value: %v", err)
			}
			m2 := &anypb.Any{
				TypeUrl: "pb2.Nested",
				Value:   b1,
			}
			b2, err := proto.MarshalOptions{Deterministic: true}.Marshal(m2)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("error in binary marshaling message for Any.value: %v", err)
			}
			return &pb2.KnownTypes{
				OptAny: &anypb.Any{
					TypeUrl: "google.protobuf.Any",
					Value:   b2,
				},
			}
		}(),
		want: `opt_any: {
  [google.protobuf.Any]: {
    [pb2.Nested]: {
      opt_string: "invalid UTF-8 abc\xff"
    }
  }
}
`,
	}, {
		desc: "Any inside Any not expanded due to invalid data",
		mo:   prototext.MarshalOptions{EmitASCII: true},
		input: func() *pb2.KnownTypes {
			m := &anypb.Any{
				TypeUrl: "pb2.Nested",
				Value:   []byte("\xde\xad\xbe\xef"),
			}
			b, err := proto.MarshalOptions{Deterministic: true}.Marshal(m)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("error in binary marshaling message for Any.value: %v", err)
			}
			return &pb2.KnownTypes{
				OptAny: &anypb.Any{
					TypeUrl: "google.protobuf.Any",
					Value:   b,
				},
			}
		}(),
		want: `opt_any: {
  [google.protobuf.Any]: {
    type_url: "pb2.Nested"
    value: "\u07ad\xbe\xef"
  }
}
`,
	}}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		tt := tt
		if tt.skip {
			continue
		}
		t.Run(tt.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
			// Use 2-space indentation on all MarshalOptions.
			tt.mo.Indent = "  "
			b, err := tt.mo.Marshal(tt.input)
			if err != nil && !tt.wantErr {
				t.Errorf("Marshal() returned error: %v\n", err)
			}
			if err == nil && tt.wantErr {
				t.Error("Marshal() got nil error, want error\n")
			}
			got := string(b)
			if got != tt.want {
				t.Errorf("Marshal()\n<got>\n%v\n<want>\n%v\n", got, tt.want)
				if diff := cmp.Diff(tt.want, got); diff != "" {
					t.Errorf("Marshal() diff -want +got\n%v\n", diff)
				}
			}
		})
	}
}

func TestEncodeAppend(t *testing.T) {
	want := []byte("prefix")
	got := append([]byte(nil), want...)
	got, err := prototext.MarshalOptions{}.MarshalAppend(got, &pb3.Scalars{
		SString: "value",
	})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if !bytes.HasPrefix(got, want) {
		t.Fatalf("MarshalAppend modified prefix: got %v, want prefix %v", got, want)
	}
}

func TestMarshalAppendAllocations(t *testing.T) {
	m := &pb3.Scalars{SInt32: 1}
	const count = 1000
	size := 9
	b := make([]byte, size)
	// AllocsPerRun returns an integral value.
	marshalAllocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(count, func() {
		_, err := prototext.MarshalOptions{}.MarshalAppend(b[:0], m)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	})
	b = nil
	marshalAppendAllocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(count, func() {
		var err error
		b, err = prototext.MarshalOptions{}.MarshalAppend(b, m)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	})
	if marshalAllocs != marshalAppendAllocs {
		t.Errorf("%v allocs/op when writing to a preallocated buffer", marshalAllocs)
		t.Errorf("%v allocs/op when repeatedly appending to a slice", marshalAppendAllocs)
		t.Errorf("expect amortized allocs/op to be identical")
	}
}