[internal-branch.go1.25-vendor] http2: prevent hanging Transport due to bad SETTINGS frame

This CL backports https://go.dev/cl/761581 to x/net.

For golang/go#78477

Change-Id: Ied435a51fdd8664d41dae14d082c39c76a6a6964
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/net/+/761640
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Husin <husin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Neil <dneil@google.com>
(cherry picked from commit 1e71bd86e4a302b4e731bc06da6eb51679c7bd49)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/net/+/768420
Auto-Submit: Mark Freeman <markfreeman@google.com>
LUCI-TryBot-Result: golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>