diff --git a/http2/transport_test.go b/http2/transport_test.go
index f22eeca..4f3b8a1 100644
--- a/http2/transport_test.go
+++ b/http2/transport_test.go
@@ -2177,3 +2177,75 @@
 	}
 	ct.run()
 }
+
+// See golang.org/issue/16556
+func TestTransportReturnsDataPaddingFlowControl(t *testing.T) {
+	ct := newClientTester(t)
+
+	unblockClient := make(chan bool, 1)
+
+	ct.client = func() error {
+		req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://dummy.tld/", nil)
+		res, err := ct.tr.RoundTrip(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer res.Body.Close()
+		<-unblockClient
+		return nil
+	}
+	ct.server = func() error {
+		ct.greet()
+
+		var hf *HeadersFrame
+		for {
+			f, err := ct.fr.ReadFrame()
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("ReadFrame while waiting for Headers: %v", err)
+			}
+			switch f.(type) {
+			case *WindowUpdateFrame, *SettingsFrame:
+				continue
+			}
+			var ok bool
+			hf, ok = f.(*HeadersFrame)
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("Got %T; want HeadersFrame", f)
+			}
+			break
+		}
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		enc := hpack.NewEncoder(&buf)
+		enc.WriteField(hpack.HeaderField{Name: ":status", Value: "200"})
+		enc.WriteField(hpack.HeaderField{Name: "content-length", Value: "5000"})
+		ct.fr.WriteHeaders(HeadersFrameParam{
+			StreamID:      hf.StreamID,
+			EndHeaders:    true,
+			EndStream:     false,
+			BlockFragment: buf.Bytes(),
+		})
+		pad := []byte("12345")
+		ct.fr.WriteDataPadded(hf.StreamID, false, make([]byte, 5000), pad) // without ending stream
+
+		f, err := ct.fr.ReadFrame()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("ReadFrame while waiting for first WindowUpdateFrame: %v", err)
+		}
+		wantBack := uint32(len(pad)) + 1 // one byte for the length of the padding
+		if wuf, ok := f.(*WindowUpdateFrame); !ok || wuf.Increment != wantBack || wuf.StreamID != 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Expected conn WindowUpdateFrame for %d bytes; got %v", wantBack, summarizeFrame(f))
+		}
+
+		f, err = ct.fr.ReadFrame()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("ReadFrame while waiting for second WindowUpdateFrame: %v", err)
+		}
+		if wuf, ok := f.(*WindowUpdateFrame); !ok || wuf.Increment != wantBack || wuf.StreamID == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Expected stream WindowUpdateFrame for %d bytes; got %v", wantBack, summarizeFrame(f))
+		}
+		unblockClient <- true
+		return nil
+	}
+	ct.run()
+}