libgo/go/cmd/go/internal/fsys/fsys.go - gofrontend - Git at Google

 // Package fsys is an abstraction for reading files that
 // allows for virtual overlays on top of the files on disk.
 package fsys

 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 )

 // OverlayFile is the path to a text file in the OverlayJSON format.
 // It is the value of the -overlay flag.
 var OverlayFile string

 // OverlayJSON is the format overlay files are expected to be in.
 // The Replace map maps from overlaid paths to replacement paths:
 // the Go command will forward all reads trying to open
 // each overlaid path to its replacement path, or consider the overlaid
 // path not to exist if the replacement path is empty.
 type OverlayJSON struct {
 	Replace map[string]string
 }

 type node struct {
 	actualFilePath string           // empty if a directory
 	children       map[string]*node // path element → file or directory
 }

 func (n *node) isDir() bool {
 	return n.actualFilePath == "" && n.children != nil
 }

 func (n *node) isDeleted() bool {
 	return n.actualFilePath == "" && n.children == nil
 }

 // TODO(matloob): encapsulate these in an io/fs-like interface
 var overlay map[string]*node // path -> file or directory node
 var cwd string               // copy of base.Cwd() to avoid dependency

 // Canonicalize a path for looking it up in the overlay.
 // Important: filepath.Join(cwd, path) doesn't always produce
 // the correct absolute path if path is relative, because on
 // Windows producing the correct absolute path requires making
 // a syscall. So this should only be used when looking up paths
 // in the overlay, or canonicalizing the paths in the overlay.
 func canonicalize(path string) string {
 	if path == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
 	if filepath.IsAbs(path) {
 		return filepath.Clean(path)
 	}

 	if v := filepath.VolumeName(cwd); v != "" && path[0] == filepath.Separator {
 		// On Windows filepath.Join(cwd, path) doesn't always work. In general
 		// filepath.Abs needs to make a syscall on Windows. Elsewhere in cmd/go
 		// use filepath.Join(cwd, path), but cmd/go specifically supports Windows
 		// paths that start with "\" which implies the path is relative to the
 		// volume of the working directory. See golang.org/issue/8130.
 		return filepath.Join(v, path)
 	}

 	// Make the path absolute.
 	return filepath.Join(cwd, path)
 }

 // Init initializes the overlay, if one is being used.
 func Init(wd string) error {
 	if overlay != nil {
 		// already initialized
 		return nil
 	}

 	cwd = wd

 	if OverlayFile == "" {
 		return nil
 	}

 	b, err := os.ReadFile(OverlayFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("reading overlay file: %v", err)
 	}

 	var overlayJSON OverlayJSON
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &overlayJSON); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("parsing overlay JSON: %v", err)
 	}

 	return initFromJSON(overlayJSON)
 }

 func initFromJSON(overlayJSON OverlayJSON) error {
 	// Canonicalize the paths in the overlay map.
 	// Use reverseCanonicalized to check for collisions:
 	// no two 'from' paths should canonicalize to the same path.
 	overlay = make(map[string]*node)
 	reverseCanonicalized := make(map[string]string) // inverse of canonicalize operation, to check for duplicates
 	// Build a table of file and directory nodes from the replacement map.

 	// Remove any potential non-determinism from iterating over map by sorting it.
 	replaceFrom := make([]string, 0, len(overlayJSON.Replace))
 	for k := range overlayJSON.Replace {
 		replaceFrom = append(replaceFrom, k)
 	}
 	sort.Strings(replaceFrom)

 	for _, from := range replaceFrom {
 		to := overlayJSON.Replace[from]
 		// Canonicalize paths and check for a collision.
 		if from == "" {
 			return fmt.Errorf("empty string key in overlay file Replace map")
 		}
 		cfrom := canonicalize(from)
 		if to != "" {
 			// Don't canonicalize "", meaning to delete a file, because then it will turn into ".".
 			to = canonicalize(to)
 		}
 		if otherFrom, seen := reverseCanonicalized[cfrom]; seen {
 			return fmt.Errorf(
 				"paths %q and %q both canonicalize to %q in overlay file Replace map", otherFrom, from, cfrom)
 		}
 		reverseCanonicalized[cfrom] = from
 		from = cfrom

 		// Create node for overlaid file.
 		dir, base := filepath.Dir(from), filepath.Base(from)
 		if n, ok := overlay[from]; ok {
 			// All 'from' paths in the overlay are file paths. Since the from paths
 			// are in a map, they are unique, so if the node already exists we added
 			// it below when we create parent directory nodes. That is, that
 			// both a file and a path to one of its parent directories exist as keys
 			// in the Replace map.
 			//
 			// This only applies if the overlay directory has any files or directories
 			// in it: placeholder directories that only contain deleted files don't
 			// count. They are safe to be overwritten with actual files.
 			for _, f := range n.children {
 				if !f.isDeleted() {
 					return fmt.Errorf("invalid overlay: path %v is used as both file and directory", from)
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		overlay[from] = &node{actualFilePath: to}

 		// Add parent directory nodes to overlay structure.
 		childNode := overlay[from]
 		for {
 			dirNode := overlay[dir]
 			if dirNode == nil || dirNode.isDeleted() {
 				dirNode = &node{children: make(map[string]*node)}
 				overlay[dir] = dirNode
 			}
 			if childNode.isDeleted() {
 				// Only create one parent for a deleted file:
 				// the directory only conditionally exists if
 				// there are any non-deleted children, so
 				// we don't create their parents.
 				if dirNode.isDir() {
 					dirNode.children[base] = childNode
 				}
 				break
 			}
 			if !dirNode.isDir() {
 				// This path already exists as a file, so it can't be a parent
 				// directory. See comment at error above.
 				return fmt.Errorf("invalid overlay: path %v is used as both file and directory", dir)
 			}
 			dirNode.children[base] = childNode
 			parent := filepath.Dir(dir)
 			if parent == dir {
 				break // reached the top; there is no parent
 			}
 			dir, base = parent, filepath.Base(dir)
 			childNode = dirNode
 		}
 	}

 	return nil
 }

 // IsDir returns true if path is a directory on disk or in the
 // overlay.
 func IsDir(path string) (bool, error) {
 	path = canonicalize(path)

 	if _, ok := parentIsOverlayFile(path); ok {
 		return false, nil
 	}

 	if n, ok := overlay[path]; ok {
 		return n.isDir(), nil
 	}

 	fi, err := os.Stat(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}

 	return fi.IsDir(), nil
 }

 // parentIsOverlayFile returns whether name or any of
 // its parents are files in the overlay, and the first parent found,
 // including name itself, that's a file in the overlay.
 func parentIsOverlayFile(name string) (string, bool) {
 	if overlay != nil {
 		// Check if name can't possibly be a directory because
 		// it or one of its parents is overlaid with a file.
 		// TODO(matloob): Maybe save this to avoid doing it every time?
 		prefix := name
 		for {
 			node := overlay[prefix]
 			if node != nil && !node.isDir() {
 				return prefix, true
 			}
 			parent := filepath.Dir(prefix)
 			if parent == prefix {
 				break
 			}
 			prefix = parent
 		}
 	}

 	return "", false
 }

 // errNotDir is used to communicate from ReadDir to IsDirWithGoFiles
 // that the argument is not a directory, so that IsDirWithGoFiles doesn't
 // return an error.
 var errNotDir = errors.New("not a directory")

 // readDir reads a dir on disk, returning an error that is errNotDir if the dir is not a directory.
 // Unfortunately, the error returned by ioutil.ReadDir if dir is not a directory
 // can vary depending on the OS (Linux, Mac, Windows return ENOTDIR; BSD returns EINVAL).
 func readDir(dir string) ([]fs.FileInfo, error) {
 	fis, err := ioutil.ReadDir(dir)
 	if err == nil {
 		return fis, nil
 	}

 	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if dirfi, staterr := os.Stat(dir); staterr == nil && !dirfi.IsDir() {
 		return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "ReadDir", Path: dir, Err: errNotDir}
 	}
 	return nil, err
 }

 // ReadDir provides a slice of fs.FileInfo entries corresponding
 // to the overlaid files in the directory.
 func ReadDir(dir string) ([]fs.FileInfo, error) {
 	dir = canonicalize(dir)
 	if _, ok := parentIsOverlayFile(dir); ok {
 		return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "ReadDir", Path: dir, Err: errNotDir}
 	}

 	dirNode := overlay[dir]
 	if dirNode == nil {
 		return readDir(dir)
 	}
 	if dirNode.isDeleted() {
 		return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "ReadDir", Path: dir, Err: fs.ErrNotExist}
 	}
 	diskfis, err := readDir(dir)
 	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) && !errors.Is(err, errNotDir) {
 		return nil, err
 	}

 	// Stat files in overlay to make composite list of fileinfos
 	files := make(map[string]fs.FileInfo)
 	for _, f := range diskfis {
 		files[f.Name()] = f
 	}
 	for name, to := range dirNode.children {
 		switch {
 		case to.isDir():
 			files[name] = fakeDir(name)
 		case to.isDeleted():
 			delete(files, name)
 		default:
 			// This is a regular file.
 			f, err := os.Lstat(to.actualFilePath)
 			if err != nil {
 				files[name] = missingFile(name)
 				continue
 			} else if f.IsDir() {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("for overlay of %q to %q: overlay Replace entries can't point to dirctories",
 					filepath.Join(dir, name), to.actualFilePath)
 			}
 			// Add a fileinfo for the overlaid file, so that it has
 			// the original file's name, but the overlaid file's metadata.
 			files[name] = fakeFile{name, f}
 		}
 	}
 	sortedFiles := diskfis[:0]
 	for _, f := range files {
 		sortedFiles = append(sortedFiles, f)
 	}
 	sort.Slice(sortedFiles, func(i, j int) bool { return sortedFiles[i].Name() < sortedFiles[j].Name() })
 	return sortedFiles, nil
 }

 // OverlayPath returns the path to the overlaid contents of the
 // file, the empty string if the overlay deletes the file, or path
 // itself if the file is not in the overlay, the file is a directory
 // in the overlay, or there is no overlay.
 // It returns true if the path is overlaid with a regular file
 // or deleted, and false otherwise.
 func OverlayPath(path string) (string, bool) {
 	if p, ok := overlay[canonicalize(path)]; ok && !p.isDir() {
 		return p.actualFilePath, ok
 	}

 	return path, false
 }

 // Open opens the file at or overlaid on the given path.
 func Open(path string) (*os.File, error) {
 	return OpenFile(path, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
 }

 // OpenFile opens the file at or overlaid on the given path with the flag and perm.
 func OpenFile(path string, flag int, perm os.FileMode) (*os.File, error) {
 	cpath := canonicalize(path)
 	if node, ok := overlay[cpath]; ok {
 		// Opening a file in the overlay.
 		if node.isDir() {
 			return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "OpenFile", Path: path, Err: errors.New("fsys.OpenFile doesn't support opening directories yet")}
 		}
 		// We can't open overlaid paths for write.
 		if perm != os.FileMode(os.O_RDONLY) {
 			return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "OpenFile", Path: path, Err: errors.New("overlaid files can't be opened for write")}
 		}
 		return os.OpenFile(node.actualFilePath, flag, perm)
 	}
 	if parent, ok := parentIsOverlayFile(filepath.Dir(cpath)); ok {
 		// The file is deleted explicitly in the Replace map,
 		// or implicitly because one of its parent directories was
 		// replaced by a file.
 		return nil, &fs.PathError{
 			Op:   "Open",
 			Path: path,
 			Err:  fmt.Errorf("file %s does not exist: parent directory %s is replaced by a file in overlay", path, parent),
 		}
 	}
 	return os.OpenFile(cpath, flag, perm)
 }

 // IsDirWithGoFiles reports whether dir is a directory containing Go files
 // either on disk or in the overlay.
 func IsDirWithGoFiles(dir string) (bool, error) {
 	fis, err := ReadDir(dir)
 	if os.IsNotExist(err) || errors.Is(err, errNotDir) {
 		return false, nil
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}

 	var firstErr error
 	for _, fi := range fis {
 		if fi.IsDir() {
 			continue
 		}

 		// TODO(matloob): this enforces that the "from" in the map
 		// has a .go suffix, but the actual destination file
 		// doesn't need to have a .go suffix. Is this okay with the
 		// compiler?
 		if !strings.HasSuffix(fi.Name(), ".go") {
 			continue
 		}
 		if fi.Mode().IsRegular() {
 			return true, nil
 		}

 		// fi is the result of an Lstat, so it doesn't follow symlinks.
 		// But it's okay if the file is a symlink pointing to a regular
 		// file, so use os.Stat to follow symlinks and check that.
 		actualFilePath, _ := OverlayPath(filepath.Join(dir, fi.Name()))
 		fi, err := os.Stat(actualFilePath)
 		if err == nil && fi.Mode().IsRegular() {
 			return true, nil
 		}
 		if err != nil && firstErr == nil {
 			firstErr = err
 		}
 	}

 	// No go files found in directory.
 	return false, firstErr
 }

 // walk recursively descends path, calling walkFn. Copied, with some
 // modifications from path/filepath.walk.
 func walk(path string, info fs.FileInfo, walkFn filepath.WalkFunc) error {
 	if !info.IsDir() {
 		return walkFn(path, info, nil)
 	}

 	fis, readErr := ReadDir(path)
 	walkErr := walkFn(path, info, readErr)
 	// If readErr != nil, walk can't walk into this directory.
 	// walkErr != nil means walkFn want walk to skip this directory or stop walking.
 	// Therefore, if one of readErr and walkErr isn't nil, walk will return.
 	if readErr != nil || walkErr != nil {
 		// The caller's behavior is controlled by the return value, which is decided
 		// by walkFn. walkFn may ignore readErr and return nil.
 		// If walkFn returns SkipDir, it will be handled by the caller.
 		// So walk should return whatever walkFn returns.
 		return walkErr
 	}

 	for _, fi := range fis {
 		filename := filepath.Join(path, fi.Name())
 		if walkErr = walk(filename, fi, walkFn); walkErr != nil {
 			if !fi.IsDir() || walkErr != filepath.SkipDir {
 				return walkErr
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }

 // Walk walks the file tree rooted at root, calling walkFn for each file or
 // directory in the tree, including root.
 func Walk(root string, walkFn filepath.WalkFunc) error {
 	info, err := Lstat(root)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = walkFn(root, nil, err)
 	} else {
 		err = walk(root, info, walkFn)
 	}
 	if err == filepath.SkipDir {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return err
 }

 // lstat implements a version of os.Lstat that operates on the overlay filesystem.
 func Lstat(path string) (fs.FileInfo, error) {
 	return overlayStat(path, os.Lstat, "lstat")
 }

 // Stat implements a version of os.Stat that operates on the overlay filesystem.
 func Stat(path string) (fs.FileInfo, error) {
 	return overlayStat(path, os.Stat, "stat")
 }

 // overlayStat implements lstat or Stat (depending on whether os.Lstat or os.Stat is passed in).
 func overlayStat(path string, osStat func(string) (fs.FileInfo, error), opName string) (fs.FileInfo, error) {
 	cpath := canonicalize(path)

 	if _, ok := parentIsOverlayFile(filepath.Dir(cpath)); ok {
 		return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: opName, Path: cpath, Err: fs.ErrNotExist}
 	}

 	node, ok := overlay[cpath]
 	if !ok {
 		// The file or directory is not overlaid.
 		return osStat(path)
 	}

 	switch {
 	case node.isDeleted():
 		return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "lstat", Path: cpath, Err: fs.ErrNotExist}
 	case node.isDir():
 		return fakeDir(filepath.Base(path)), nil
 	default:
 		fi, err := osStat(node.actualFilePath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		return fakeFile{name: filepath.Base(path), real: fi}, nil
 	}
 }

 // fakeFile provides an fs.FileInfo implementation for an overlaid file,
 // so that the file has the name of the overlaid file, but takes all
 // other characteristics of the replacement file.
 type fakeFile struct {
 	name string
 	real fs.FileInfo
 }

 func (f fakeFile) Name() string       { return f.name }
 func (f fakeFile) Size() int64        { return f.real.Size() }
 func (f fakeFile) Mode() fs.FileMode  { return f.real.Mode() }
 func (f fakeFile) ModTime() time.Time { return f.real.ModTime() }
 func (f fakeFile) IsDir() bool        { return f.real.IsDir() }
 func (f fakeFile) Sys() interface{}   { return f.real.Sys() }

 // missingFile provides an fs.FileInfo for an overlaid file where the
 // destination file in the overlay doesn't exist. It returns zero values
 // for the fileInfo methods other than Name, set to the file's name, and Mode
 // set to ModeIrregular.
 type missingFile string

 func (f missingFile) Name() string       { return string(f) }
 func (f missingFile) Size() int64        { return 0 }
 func (f missingFile) Mode() fs.FileMode  { return fs.ModeIrregular }
 func (f missingFile) ModTime() time.Time { return time.Unix(0, 0) }
 func (f missingFile) IsDir() bool        { return false }
 func (f missingFile) Sys() interface{}   { return nil }

 // fakeDir provides an fs.FileInfo implementation for directories that are
 // implicitly created by overlaid files. Each directory in the
 // path of an overlaid file is considered to exist in the overlay filesystem.
 type fakeDir string

 func (f fakeDir) Name() string       { return string(f) }
 func (f fakeDir) Size() int64        { return 0 }
 func (f fakeDir) Mode() fs.FileMode  { return fs.ModeDir | 0500 }
 func (f fakeDir) ModTime() time.Time { return time.Unix(0, 0) }
 func (f fakeDir) IsDir() bool        { return true }
 func (f fakeDir) Sys() interface{}   { return nil }

 // Glob is like filepath.Glob but uses the overlay file system.
 func Glob(pattern string) (matches []string, err error) {
 	// Check pattern is well-formed.
 	if _, err := filepath.Match(pattern, ""); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if !hasMeta(pattern) {
 		if _, err = Lstat(pattern); err != nil {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
 		return []string{pattern}, nil
 	}

 	dir, file := filepath.Split(pattern)
 	volumeLen := 0
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		volumeLen, dir = cleanGlobPathWindows(dir)
 	} else {
 		dir = cleanGlobPath(dir)
 	}

 	if !hasMeta(dir[volumeLen:]) {
 		return glob(dir, file, nil)
 	}

 	// Prevent infinite recursion. See issue 15879.
 	if dir == pattern {
 		return nil, filepath.ErrBadPattern
 	}

 	var m []string
 	m, err = Glob(dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	for _, d := range m {
 		matches, err = glob(d, file, matches)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
 	}
 	return
 }

 // cleanGlobPath prepares path for glob matching.
 func cleanGlobPath(path string) string {
 	switch path {
 	case "":
 		return "."
 	case string(filepath.Separator):
 		// do nothing to the path
 		return path
 	default:
 		return path[0 : len(path)-1] // chop off trailing separator
 	}
 }

 func volumeNameLen(path string) int {
 	isSlash := func(c uint8) bool {
 		return c == '\\' || c == '/'
 	}
 	if len(path) < 2 {
 		return 0
 	}
 	// with drive letter
 	c := path[0]
 	if path[1] == ':' && ('a' <= c && c <= 'z' || 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z') {
 		return 2
 	}
 	// is it UNC? https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx
 	if l := len(path); l >= 5 && isSlash(path[0]) && isSlash(path[1]) &&
 		!isSlash(path[2]) && path[2] != '.' {
 		// first, leading `\\` and next shouldn't be `\`. its server name.
 		for n := 3; n < l-1; n++ {
 			// second, next '\' shouldn't be repeated.
 			if isSlash(path[n]) {
 				n++
 				// third, following something characters. its share name.
 				if !isSlash(path[n]) {
 					if path[n] == '.' {
 						break
 					}
 					for ; n < l; n++ {
 						if isSlash(path[n]) {
 							break
 						}
 					}
 					return n
 				}
 				break
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return 0
 }

 // cleanGlobPathWindows is windows version of cleanGlobPath.
 func cleanGlobPathWindows(path string) (prefixLen int, cleaned string) {
 	vollen := volumeNameLen(path)
 	switch {
 	case path == "":
 		return 0, "."
 	case vollen+1 == len(path) && os.IsPathSeparator(path[len(path)-1]): // /, \, C:\ and C:/
 		// do nothing to the path
 		return vollen + 1, path
 	case vollen == len(path) && len(path) == 2: // C:
 		return vollen, path + "." // convert C: into C:.
 	default:
 		if vollen >= len(path) {
 			vollen = len(path) - 1
 		}
 		return vollen, path[0 : len(path)-1] // chop off trailing separator
 	}
 }

 // glob searches for files matching pattern in the directory dir
 // and appends them to matches. If the directory cannot be
 // opened, it returns the existing matches. New matches are
 // added in lexicographical order.
 func glob(dir, pattern string, matches []string) (m []string, e error) {
 	m = matches
 	fi, err := Stat(dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return // ignore I/O error
 	}
 	if !fi.IsDir() {
 		return // ignore I/O error
 	}

 	list, err := ReadDir(dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return // ignore I/O error
 	}

 	var names []string
 	for _, info := range list {
 		names = append(names, info.Name())
 	}
 	sort.Strings(names)

 	for _, n := range names {
 		matched, err := filepath.Match(pattern, n)
 		if err != nil {
 			return m, err
 		}
 		if matched {
 			m = append(m, filepath.Join(dir, n))
 		}
 	}
 	return
 }

 // hasMeta reports whether path contains any of the magic characters
 // recognized by filepath.Match.
 func hasMeta(path string) bool {
 	magicChars := `*?[`
 	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
 		magicChars = `*?[\`
 	}
 	return strings.ContainsAny(path, magicChars)
 }
	// Package fsys is an abstraction for reading files that
	// allows for virtual overlays on top of the files on disk.
	package fsys

	import (
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io/fs"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"time"
	)

	// OverlayFile is the path to a text file in the OverlayJSON format.
	// It is the value of the -overlay flag.
	var OverlayFile string

	// OverlayJSON is the format overlay files are expected to be in.
	// The Replace map maps from overlaid paths to replacement paths:
	// the Go command will forward all reads trying to open
	// each overlaid path to its replacement path, or consider the overlaid
	// path not to exist if the replacement path is empty.
	type OverlayJSON struct {
	Replace map[string]string
	}

	type node struct {
	actualFilePath string // empty if a directory
	children map[string]*node // path element → file or directory
	}

	func (n *node) isDir() bool {
	return n.actualFilePath == "" && n.children != nil
	}

	func (n *node) isDeleted() bool {
	return n.actualFilePath == "" && n.children == nil
	}

	// TODO(matloob): encapsulate these in an io/fs-like interface
	var overlay map[string]*node // path -> file or directory node
	var cwd string // copy of base.Cwd() to avoid dependency

	// Canonicalize a path for looking it up in the overlay.
	// Important: filepath.Join(cwd, path) doesn't always produce
	// the correct absolute path if path is relative, because on
	// Windows producing the correct absolute path requires making
	// a syscall. So this should only be used when looking up paths
	// in the overlay, or canonicalizing the paths in the overlay.
	func canonicalize(path string) string {
	if path == "" {
	return ""
	}
	if filepath.IsAbs(path) {
	return filepath.Clean(path)
	}

	if v := filepath.VolumeName(cwd); v != "" && path[0] == filepath.Separator {
	// On Windows filepath.Join(cwd, path) doesn't always work. In general
	// filepath.Abs needs to make a syscall on Windows. Elsewhere in cmd/go
	// use filepath.Join(cwd, path), but cmd/go specifically supports Windows
	// paths that start with "\" which implies the path is relative to the
	// volume of the working directory. See golang.org/issue/8130.
	return filepath.Join(v, path)
	}

	// Make the path absolute.
	return filepath.Join(cwd, path)
	}

	// Init initializes the overlay, if one is being used.
	func Init(wd string) error {
	if overlay != nil {
	// already initialized
	return nil
	}

	cwd = wd

	if OverlayFile == "" {
	return nil
	}

	b, err := os.ReadFile(OverlayFile)
	if err != nil {
	return fmt.Errorf("reading overlay file: %v", err)
	}

	var overlayJSON OverlayJSON
	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &overlayJSON); err != nil {
	return fmt.Errorf("parsing overlay JSON: %v", err)
	}

	return initFromJSON(overlayJSON)
	}

	func initFromJSON(overlayJSON OverlayJSON) error {
	// Canonicalize the paths in the overlay map.
	// Use reverseCanonicalized to check for collisions:
	// no two 'from' paths should canonicalize to the same path.
	overlay = make(map[string]*node)
	reverseCanonicalized := make(map[string]string) // inverse of canonicalize operation, to check for duplicates
	// Build a table of file and directory nodes from the replacement map.

	// Remove any potential non-determinism from iterating over map by sorting it.
	replaceFrom := make([]string, 0, len(overlayJSON.Replace))
	for k := range overlayJSON.Replace {
	replaceFrom = append(replaceFrom, k)
	}
	sort.Strings(replaceFrom)

	for _, from := range replaceFrom {
	to := overlayJSON.Replace[from]
	// Canonicalize paths and check for a collision.
	if from == "" {
	return fmt.Errorf("empty string key in overlay file Replace map")
	}
	cfrom := canonicalize(from)
	if to != "" {
	// Don't canonicalize "", meaning to delete a file, because then it will turn into ".".
	to = canonicalize(to)
	}
	if otherFrom, seen := reverseCanonicalized[cfrom]; seen {
	return fmt.Errorf(
	"paths %q and %q both canonicalize to %q in overlay file Replace map", otherFrom, from, cfrom)
	}
	reverseCanonicalized[cfrom] = from
	from = cfrom

	// Create node for overlaid file.
	dir, base := filepath.Dir(from), filepath.Base(from)
	if n, ok := overlay[from]; ok {
	// All 'from' paths in the overlay are file paths. Since the from paths
	// are in a map, they are unique, so if the node already exists we added
	// it below when we create parent directory nodes. That is, that
	// both a file and a path to one of its parent directories exist as keys
	// in the Replace map.
	//
	// This only applies if the overlay directory has any files or directories
	// in it: placeholder directories that only contain deleted files don't
	// count. They are safe to be overwritten with actual files.
	for _, f := range n.children {
	if !f.isDeleted() {
	return fmt.Errorf("invalid overlay: path %v is used as both file and directory", from)
	}
	}
	}
	overlay[from] = &node{actualFilePath: to}

	// Add parent directory nodes to overlay structure.
	childNode := overlay[from]
	for {
	dirNode := overlay[dir]
	if dirNode == nil \|\| dirNode.isDeleted() {
	dirNode = &node{children: make(map[string]*node)}
	overlay[dir] = dirNode
	}
	if childNode.isDeleted() {
	// Only create one parent for a deleted file:
	// the directory only conditionally exists if
	// there are any non-deleted children, so
	// we don't create their parents.
	if dirNode.isDir() {
	dirNode.children[base] = childNode
	}
	break
	}
	if !dirNode.isDir() {
	// This path already exists as a file, so it can't be a parent
	// directory. See comment at error above.
	return fmt.Errorf("invalid overlay: path %v is used as both file and directory", dir)
	}
	dirNode.children[base] = childNode
	parent := filepath.Dir(dir)
	if parent == dir {
	break // reached the top; there is no parent
	}
	dir, base = parent, filepath.Base(dir)
	childNode = dirNode
	}
	}

	return nil
	}

	// IsDir returns true if path is a directory on disk or in the
	// overlay.
	func IsDir(path string) (bool, error) {
	path = canonicalize(path)

	if _, ok := parentIsOverlayFile(path); ok {
	return false, nil
	}

	if n, ok := overlay[path]; ok {
	return n.isDir(), nil
	}

	fi, err := os.Stat(path)
	if err != nil {
	return false, err
	}

	return fi.IsDir(), nil
	}

	// parentIsOverlayFile returns whether name or any of
	// its parents are files in the overlay, and the first parent found,
	// including name itself, that's a file in the overlay.
	func parentIsOverlayFile(name string) (string, bool) {
	if overlay != nil {
	// Check if name can't possibly be a directory because
	// it or one of its parents is overlaid with a file.
	// TODO(matloob): Maybe save this to avoid doing it every time?
	prefix := name
	for {
	node := overlay[prefix]
	if node != nil && !node.isDir() {
	return prefix, true
	}
	parent := filepath.Dir(prefix)
	if parent == prefix {
	break
	}
	prefix = parent
	}
	}

	return "", false
	}

	// errNotDir is used to communicate from ReadDir to IsDirWithGoFiles
	// that the argument is not a directory, so that IsDirWithGoFiles doesn't
	// return an error.
	var errNotDir = errors.New("not a directory")

	// readDir reads a dir on disk, returning an error that is errNotDir if the dir is not a directory.
	// Unfortunately, the error returned by ioutil.ReadDir if dir is not a directory
	// can vary depending on the OS (Linux, Mac, Windows return ENOTDIR; BSD returns EINVAL).
	func readDir(dir string) ([]fs.FileInfo, error) {
	fis, err := ioutil.ReadDir(dir)
	if err == nil {
	return fis, nil
	}

	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
	return nil, err
	}
	if dirfi, staterr := os.Stat(dir); staterr == nil && !dirfi.IsDir() {
	return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "ReadDir", Path: dir, Err: errNotDir}
	}
	return nil, err
	}

	// ReadDir provides a slice of fs.FileInfo entries corresponding
	// to the overlaid files in the directory.
	func ReadDir(dir string) ([]fs.FileInfo, error) {
	dir = canonicalize(dir)
	if _, ok := parentIsOverlayFile(dir); ok {
	return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "ReadDir", Path: dir, Err: errNotDir}
	}

	dirNode := overlay[dir]
	if dirNode == nil {
	return readDir(dir)
	}
	if dirNode.isDeleted() {
	return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "ReadDir", Path: dir, Err: fs.ErrNotExist}
	}
	diskfis, err := readDir(dir)
	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) && !errors.Is(err, errNotDir) {
	return nil, err
	}

	// Stat files in overlay to make composite list of fileinfos
	files := make(map[string]fs.FileInfo)
	for _, f := range diskfis {
	files[f.Name()] = f
	}
	for name, to := range dirNode.children {
	switch {
	case to.isDir():
	files[name] = fakeDir(name)
	case to.isDeleted():
	delete(files, name)
	default:
	// This is a regular file.
	f, err := os.Lstat(to.actualFilePath)
	if err != nil {
	files[name] = missingFile(name)
	continue
	} else if f.IsDir() {
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("for overlay of %q to %q: overlay Replace entries can't point to dirctories",
	filepath.Join(dir, name), to.actualFilePath)
	}
	// Add a fileinfo for the overlaid file, so that it has
	// the original file's name, but the overlaid file's metadata.
	files[name] = fakeFile{name, f}
	}
	}
	sortedFiles := diskfis[:0]
	for _, f := range files {
	sortedFiles = append(sortedFiles, f)
	}
	sort.Slice(sortedFiles, func(i, j int) bool { return sortedFiles[i].Name() < sortedFiles[j].Name() })
	return sortedFiles, nil
	}

	// OverlayPath returns the path to the overlaid contents of the
	// file, the empty string if the overlay deletes the file, or path
	// itself if the file is not in the overlay, the file is a directory
	// in the overlay, or there is no overlay.
	// It returns true if the path is overlaid with a regular file
	// or deleted, and false otherwise.
	func OverlayPath(path string) (string, bool) {
	if p, ok := overlay[canonicalize(path)]; ok && !p.isDir() {
	return p.actualFilePath, ok
	}

	return path, false
	}

	// Open opens the file at or overlaid on the given path.
	func Open(path string) (*os.File, error) {
	return OpenFile(path, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
	}

	// OpenFile opens the file at or overlaid on the given path with the flag and perm.
	func OpenFile(path string, flag int, perm os.FileMode) (*os.File, error) {
	cpath := canonicalize(path)
	if node, ok := overlay[cpath]; ok {
	// Opening a file in the overlay.
	if node.isDir() {
	return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "OpenFile", Path: path, Err: errors.New("fsys.OpenFile doesn't support opening directories yet")}
	}
	// We can't open overlaid paths for write.
	if perm != os.FileMode(os.O_RDONLY) {
	return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "OpenFile", Path: path, Err: errors.New("overlaid files can't be opened for write")}
	}
	return os.OpenFile(node.actualFilePath, flag, perm)
	}
	if parent, ok := parentIsOverlayFile(filepath.Dir(cpath)); ok {
	// The file is deleted explicitly in the Replace map,
	// or implicitly because one of its parent directories was
	// replaced by a file.
	return nil, &fs.PathError{
	Op: "Open",
	Path: path,
	Err: fmt.Errorf("file %s does not exist: parent directory %s is replaced by a file in overlay", path, parent),
	}
	}
	return os.OpenFile(cpath, flag, perm)
	}

	// IsDirWithGoFiles reports whether dir is a directory containing Go files
	// either on disk or in the overlay.
	func IsDirWithGoFiles(dir string) (bool, error) {
	fis, err := ReadDir(dir)
	if os.IsNotExist(err) \|\| errors.Is(err, errNotDir) {
	return false, nil
	}
	if err != nil {
	return false, err
	}

	var firstErr error
	for _, fi := range fis {
	if fi.IsDir() {
	continue
	}

	// TODO(matloob): this enforces that the "from" in the map
	// has a .go suffix, but the actual destination file
	// doesn't need to have a .go suffix. Is this okay with the
	// compiler?
	if !strings.HasSuffix(fi.Name(), ".go") {
	continue
	}
	if fi.Mode().IsRegular() {
	return true, nil
	}

	// fi is the result of an Lstat, so it doesn't follow symlinks.
	// But it's okay if the file is a symlink pointing to a regular
	// file, so use os.Stat to follow symlinks and check that.
	actualFilePath, _ := OverlayPath(filepath.Join(dir, fi.Name()))
	fi, err := os.Stat(actualFilePath)
	if err == nil && fi.Mode().IsRegular() {
	return true, nil
	}
	if err != nil && firstErr == nil {
	firstErr = err
	}
	}

	// No go files found in directory.
	return false, firstErr
	}

	// walk recursively descends path, calling walkFn. Copied, with some
	// modifications from path/filepath.walk.
	func walk(path string, info fs.FileInfo, walkFn filepath.WalkFunc) error {
	if !info.IsDir() {
	return walkFn(path, info, nil)
	}

	fis, readErr := ReadDir(path)
	walkErr := walkFn(path, info, readErr)
	// If readErr != nil, walk can't walk into this directory.
	// walkErr != nil means walkFn want walk to skip this directory or stop walking.
	// Therefore, if one of readErr and walkErr isn't nil, walk will return.
	if readErr != nil \|\| walkErr != nil {
	// The caller's behavior is controlled by the return value, which is decided
	// by walkFn. walkFn may ignore readErr and return nil.
	// If walkFn returns SkipDir, it will be handled by the caller.
	// So walk should return whatever walkFn returns.
	return walkErr
	}

	for _, fi := range fis {
	filename := filepath.Join(path, fi.Name())
	if walkErr = walk(filename, fi, walkFn); walkErr != nil {
	if !fi.IsDir() \|\| walkErr != filepath.SkipDir {
	return walkErr
	}
	}
	}
	return nil
	}

	// Walk walks the file tree rooted at root, calling walkFn for each file or
	// directory in the tree, including root.
	func Walk(root string, walkFn filepath.WalkFunc) error {
	info, err := Lstat(root)
	if err != nil {
	err = walkFn(root, nil, err)
	} else {
	err = walk(root, info, walkFn)
	}
	if err == filepath.SkipDir {
	return nil
	}
	return err
	}

	// lstat implements a version of os.Lstat that operates on the overlay filesystem.
	func Lstat(path string) (fs.FileInfo, error) {
	return overlayStat(path, os.Lstat, "lstat")
	}

	// Stat implements a version of os.Stat that operates on the overlay filesystem.
	func Stat(path string) (fs.FileInfo, error) {
	return overlayStat(path, os.Stat, "stat")
	}

	// overlayStat implements lstat or Stat (depending on whether os.Lstat or os.Stat is passed in).
	func overlayStat(path string, osStat func(string) (fs.FileInfo, error), opName string) (fs.FileInfo, error) {
	cpath := canonicalize(path)

	if _, ok := parentIsOverlayFile(filepath.Dir(cpath)); ok {
	return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: opName, Path: cpath, Err: fs.ErrNotExist}
	}

	node, ok := overlay[cpath]
	if !ok {
	// The file or directory is not overlaid.
	return osStat(path)
	}

	switch {
	case node.isDeleted():
	return nil, &fs.PathError{Op: "lstat", Path: cpath, Err: fs.ErrNotExist}
	case node.isDir():
	return fakeDir(filepath.Base(path)), nil
	default:
	fi, err := osStat(node.actualFilePath)
	if err != nil {
	return nil, err
	}
	return fakeFile{name: filepath.Base(path), real: fi}, nil
	}
	}

	// fakeFile provides an fs.FileInfo implementation for an overlaid file,
	// so that the file has the name of the overlaid file, but takes all
	// other characteristics of the replacement file.
	type fakeFile struct {
	name string
	real fs.FileInfo
	}

	func (f fakeFile) Name() string { return f.name }
	func (f fakeFile) Size() int64 { return f.real.Size() }
	func (f fakeFile) Mode() fs.FileMode { return f.real.Mode() }
	func (f fakeFile) ModTime() time.Time { return f.real.ModTime() }
	func (f fakeFile) IsDir() bool { return f.real.IsDir() }
	func (f fakeFile) Sys() interface{} { return f.real.Sys() }

	// missingFile provides an fs.FileInfo for an overlaid file where the
	// destination file in the overlay doesn't exist. It returns zero values
	// for the fileInfo methods other than Name, set to the file's name, and Mode
	// set to ModeIrregular.
	type missingFile string

	func (f missingFile) Name() string { return string(f) }
	func (f missingFile) Size() int64 { return 0 }
	func (f missingFile) Mode() fs.FileMode { return fs.ModeIrregular }
	func (f missingFile) ModTime() time.Time { return time.Unix(0, 0) }
	func (f missingFile) IsDir() bool { return false }
	func (f missingFile) Sys() interface{} { return nil }

	// fakeDir provides an fs.FileInfo implementation for directories that are
	// implicitly created by overlaid files. Each directory in the
	// path of an overlaid file is considered to exist in the overlay filesystem.
	type fakeDir string

	func (f fakeDir) Name() string { return string(f) }
	func (f fakeDir) Size() int64 { return 0 }
	func (f fakeDir) Mode() fs.FileMode { return fs.ModeDir \| 0500 }
	func (f fakeDir) ModTime() time.Time { return time.Unix(0, 0) }
	func (f fakeDir) IsDir() bool { return true }
	func (f fakeDir) Sys() interface{} { return nil }

	// Glob is like filepath.Glob but uses the overlay file system.
	func Glob(pattern string) (matches []string, err error) {
	// Check pattern is well-formed.
	if _, err := filepath.Match(pattern, ""); err != nil {
	return nil, err
	}
	if !hasMeta(pattern) {
	if _, err = Lstat(pattern); err != nil {
	return nil, nil
	}
	return []string{pattern}, nil
	}

	dir, file := filepath.Split(pattern)
	volumeLen := 0
	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
	volumeLen, dir = cleanGlobPathWindows(dir)
	} else {
	dir = cleanGlobPath(dir)
	}

	if !hasMeta(dir[volumeLen:]) {
	return glob(dir, file, nil)
	}

	// Prevent infinite recursion. See issue 15879.
	if dir == pattern {
	return nil, filepath.ErrBadPattern
	}

	var m []string
	m, err = Glob(dir)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	for _, d := range m {
	matches, err = glob(d, file, matches)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	}
	return
	}

	// cleanGlobPath prepares path for glob matching.
	func cleanGlobPath(path string) string {
	switch path {
	case "":
	return "."
	case string(filepath.Separator):
	// do nothing to the path
	return path
	default:
	return path[0 : len(path)-1] // chop off trailing separator
	}
	}

	func volumeNameLen(path string) int {
	isSlash := func(c uint8) bool {
	return c == '\\' \|\| c == '/'
	}
	if len(path) < 2 {
	return 0
	}
	// with drive letter
	c := path[0]
	if path[1] == ':' && ('a' <= c && c <= 'z' \|\| 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z') {
	return 2
	}
	// is it UNC? https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx
	if l := len(path); l >= 5 && isSlash(path[0]) && isSlash(path[1]) &&
	!isSlash(path[2]) && path[2] != '.' {
	// first, leading `\\` and next shouldn't be `\`. its server name.
	for n := 3; n < l-1; n++ {
	// second, next '\' shouldn't be repeated.
	if isSlash(path[n]) {
	n++
	// third, following something characters. its share name.
	if !isSlash(path[n]) {
	if path[n] == '.' {
	break
	}
	for ; n < l; n++ {
	if isSlash(path[n]) {
	break
	}
	}
	return n
	}
	break
	}
	}
	}
	return 0
	}

	// cleanGlobPathWindows is windows version of cleanGlobPath.
	func cleanGlobPathWindows(path string) (prefixLen int, cleaned string) {
	vollen := volumeNameLen(path)
	switch {
	case path == "":
	return 0, "."
	case vollen+1 == len(path) && os.IsPathSeparator(path[len(path)-1]): // /, \, C:\ and C:/
	// do nothing to the path
	return vollen + 1, path
	case vollen == len(path) && len(path) == 2: // C:
	return vollen, path + "." // convert C: into C:.
	default:
	if vollen >= len(path) {
	vollen = len(path) - 1
	}
	return vollen, path[0 : len(path)-1] // chop off trailing separator
	}
	}

	// glob searches for files matching pattern in the directory dir
	// and appends them to matches. If the directory cannot be
	// opened, it returns the existing matches. New matches are
	// added in lexicographical order.
	func glob(dir, pattern string, matches []string) (m []string, e error) {
	m = matches
	fi, err := Stat(dir)
	if err != nil {
	return // ignore I/O error
	}
	if !fi.IsDir() {
	return // ignore I/O error
	}

	list, err := ReadDir(dir)
	if err != nil {
	return // ignore I/O error
	}

	var names []string
	for _, info := range list {
	names = append(names, info.Name())
	}
	sort.Strings(names)

	for _, n := range names {
	matched, err := filepath.Match(pattern, n)
	if err != nil {
	return m, err
	}
	if matched {
	m = append(m, filepath.Join(dir, n))
	}
	}
	return
	}

	// hasMeta reports whether path contains any of the magic characters
	// recognized by filepath.Match.
	func hasMeta(path string) bool {
	magicChars := `*?[`
	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
	magicChars = `*?[\`
	}
	return strings.ContainsAny(path, magicChars)
	}