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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// This package implements utility functions to help with black box testing.
package quick
import (
"flag"
"fmt"
"math"
"os"
"rand"
"reflect"
"strings"
)
var defaultMaxCount *int = flag.Int("quickchecks", 100, "The default number of iterations for each check")
// A Generator can generate random values of its own type.
type Generator interface {
// Generate returns a random instance of the type on which it is a
// method using the size as a size hint.
Generate(rand *rand.Rand, size int) reflect.Value
}
// randFloat32 generates a random float taking the full range of a float32.
func randFloat32(rand *rand.Rand) float32 {
f := rand.Float64() * math.MaxFloat32
if rand.Int()&1 == 1 {
f = -f
}
return float32(f)
}
// randFloat64 generates a random float taking the full range of a float64.
func randFloat64(rand *rand.Rand) float64 {
f := rand.Float64()
if rand.Int()&1 == 1 {
f = -f
}
return f
}
// randInt64 returns a random integer taking half the range of an int64.
func randInt64(rand *rand.Rand) int64 { return rand.Int63() - 1<<62 }
// complexSize is the maximum length of arbitrary values that contain other
// values.
const complexSize = 50
// Value returns an arbitrary value of the given type.
// If the type implements the Generator interface, that will be used.
// Note: in order to create arbitrary values for structs, all the members must be public.
func Value(t reflect.Type, rand *rand.Rand) (value reflect.Value, ok bool) {
if m, ok := reflect.Zero(t).Interface().(Generator); ok {
return m.Generate(rand, complexSize), true
}
switch concrete := t; concrete.Kind() {
case reflect.Bool:
return reflect.ValueOf(rand.Int()&1 == 0), true
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64, reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr, reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
switch t.Kind() {
case reflect.Float32:
return reflect.ValueOf(randFloat32(rand)), true
case reflect.Float64:
return reflect.ValueOf(randFloat64(rand)), true
case reflect.Complex64:
return reflect.ValueOf(complex(randFloat32(rand), randFloat32(rand))), true
case reflect.Complex128:
return reflect.ValueOf(complex(randFloat64(rand), randFloat64(rand))), true
case reflect.Int16:
return reflect.ValueOf(int16(randInt64(rand))), true
case reflect.Int32:
return reflect.ValueOf(int32(randInt64(rand))), true
case reflect.Int64:
return reflect.ValueOf(randInt64(rand)), true
case reflect.Int8:
return reflect.ValueOf(int8(randInt64(rand))), true
case reflect.Int:
return reflect.ValueOf(int(randInt64(rand))), true
case reflect.Uint16:
return reflect.ValueOf(uint16(randInt64(rand))), true
case reflect.Uint32:
return reflect.ValueOf(uint32(randInt64(rand))), true
case reflect.Uint64:
return reflect.ValueOf(uint64(randInt64(rand))), true
case reflect.Uint8:
return reflect.ValueOf(uint8(randInt64(rand))), true
case reflect.Uint:
return reflect.ValueOf(uint(randInt64(rand))), true
case reflect.Uintptr:
return reflect.ValueOf(uintptr(randInt64(rand))), true
}
case reflect.Map:
numElems := rand.Intn(complexSize)
m := reflect.MakeMap(concrete)
for i := 0; i < numElems; i++ {
key, ok1 := Value(concrete.Key(), rand)
value, ok2 := Value(concrete.Elem(), rand)
if !ok1 || !ok2 {
return reflect.Value{}, false
}
m.SetMapIndex(key, value)
}
return m, true
case reflect.Ptr:
v, ok := Value(concrete.Elem(), rand)
if !ok {
return reflect.Value{}, false
}
p := reflect.Zero(concrete)
p.Set(v.Addr())
return p, true
case reflect.Slice:
numElems := rand.Intn(complexSize)
s := reflect.MakeSlice(concrete, numElems, numElems)
for i := 0; i < numElems; i++ {
v, ok := Value(concrete.Elem(), rand)
if !ok {
return reflect.Value{}, false
}
s.Index(i).Set(v)
}
return s, true
case reflect.String:
numChars := rand.Intn(complexSize)
codePoints := make([]int, numChars)
for i := 0; i < numChars; i++ {
codePoints[i] = rand.Intn(0x10ffff)
}
return reflect.ValueOf(string(codePoints)), true
case reflect.Struct:
s := reflect.Zero(t)
for i := 0; i < s.NumField(); i++ {
v, ok := Value(concrete.Field(i).Type, rand)
if !ok {
return reflect.Value{}, false
}
s.Field(i).Set(v)
}
return s, true
default:
return reflect.Value{}, false
}
return
}
// A Config structure contains options for running a test.
type Config struct {
// MaxCount sets the maximum number of iterations. If zero,
// MaxCountScale is used.
MaxCount int
// MaxCountScale is a non-negative scale factor applied to the default
// maximum. If zero, the default is unchanged.
MaxCountScale float64
// If non-nil, rand is a source of random numbers. Otherwise a default
// pseudo-random source will be used.
Rand *rand.Rand
// If non-nil, Values is a function which generates a slice of arbitrary
// Values that are congruent with the arguments to the function being
// tested. Otherwise, Values is used to generate the values.
Values func([]reflect.Value, *rand.Rand)
}
var defaultConfig Config
// getRand returns the *rand.Rand to use for a given Config.
func (c *Config) getRand() *rand.Rand {
if c.Rand == nil {
return rand.New(rand.NewSource(0))
}
return c.Rand
}
// getMaxCount returns the maximum number of iterations to run for a given
// Config.
func (c *Config) getMaxCount() (maxCount int) {
maxCount = c.MaxCount
if maxCount == 0 {
if c.MaxCountScale != 0 {
maxCount = int(c.MaxCountScale * float64(*defaultMaxCount))
} else {
maxCount = *defaultMaxCount
}
}
return
}
// A SetupError is the result of an error in the way that check is being
// used, independent of the functions being tested.
type SetupError string
func (s SetupError) String() string { return string(s) }
// A CheckError is the result of Check finding an error.
type CheckError struct {
Count int
In []interface{}
}
func (s *CheckError) String() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("#%d: failed on input %s", s.Count, toString(s.In))
}
// A CheckEqualError is the result CheckEqual finding an error.
type CheckEqualError struct {
CheckError
Out1 []interface{}
Out2 []interface{}
}
func (s *CheckEqualError) String() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("#%d: failed on input %s. Output 1: %s. Output 2: %s", s.Count, toString(s.In), toString(s.Out1), toString(s.Out2))
}
// Check looks for an input to f, any function that returns bool,
// such that f returns false. It calls f repeatedly, with arbitrary
// values for each argument. If f returns false on a given input,
// Check returns that input as a *CheckError.
// For example:
//
// func TestOddMultipleOfThree(t *testing.T) {
// f := func(x int) bool {
// y := OddMultipleOfThree(x)
// return y%2 == 1 && y%3 == 0
// }
// if err := quick.Check(f, nil); err != nil {
// t.Error(err)
// }
// }
func Check(function interface{}, config *Config) (err os.Error) {
if config == nil {
config = &defaultConfig
}
f, fType, ok := functionAndType(function)
if !ok {
err = SetupError("argument is not a function")
return
}
if fType.NumOut() != 1 {
err = SetupError("function returns more than one value.")
return
}
if fType.Out(0).Kind() != reflect.Bool {
err = SetupError("function does not return a bool")
return
}
arguments := make([]reflect.Value, fType.NumIn())
rand := config.getRand()
maxCount := config.getMaxCount()
for i := 0; i < maxCount; i++ {
err = arbitraryValues(arguments, fType, config, rand)
if err != nil {
return
}
if !f.Call(arguments)[0].Bool() {
err = &CheckError{i + 1, toInterfaces(arguments)}
return
}
}
return
}
// CheckEqual looks for an input on which f and g return different results.
// It calls f and g repeatedly with arbitrary values for each argument.
// If f and g return different answers, CheckEqual returns a *CheckEqualError
// describing the input and the outputs.
func CheckEqual(f, g interface{}, config *Config) (err os.Error) {
if config == nil {
config = &defaultConfig
}
x, xType, ok := functionAndType(f)
if !ok {
err = SetupError("f is not a function")
return
}
y, yType, ok := functionAndType(g)
if !ok {
err = SetupError("g is not a function")
return
}
if xType != yType {
err = SetupError("functions have different types")
return
}
arguments := make([]reflect.Value, xType.NumIn())
rand := config.getRand()
maxCount := config.getMaxCount()
for i := 0; i < maxCount; i++ {
err = arbitraryValues(arguments, xType, config, rand)
if err != nil {
return
}
xOut := toInterfaces(x.Call(arguments))
yOut := toInterfaces(y.Call(arguments))
if !reflect.DeepEqual(xOut, yOut) {
err = &CheckEqualError{CheckError{i + 1, toInterfaces(arguments)}, xOut, yOut}
return
}
}
return
}
// arbitraryValues writes Values to args such that args contains Values
// suitable for calling f.
func arbitraryValues(args []reflect.Value, f reflect.Type, config *Config, rand *rand.Rand) (err os.Error) {
if config.Values != nil {
config.Values(args, rand)
return
}
for j := 0; j < len(args); j++ {
var ok bool
args[j], ok = Value(f.In(j), rand)
if !ok {
err = SetupError(fmt.Sprintf("cannot create arbitrary value of type %s for argument %d", f.In(j), j))
return
}
}
return
}
func functionAndType(f interface{}) (v reflect.Value, t reflect.Type, ok bool) {
v = reflect.ValueOf(f)
ok = v.Kind() == reflect.Func
if !ok {
return
}
t = v.Type()
return
}
func toInterfaces(values []reflect.Value) []interface{} {
ret := make([]interface{}, len(values))
for i, v := range values {
ret[i] = v.Interface()
}
return ret
}
func toString(interfaces []interface{}) string {
s := make([]string, len(interfaces))
for i, v := range interfaces {
s[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%#v", v)
}
return strings.Join(s, ", ")
}