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// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package flate_test
import (
"bytes"
"compress/flate"
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"os"
"strings"
"sync"
)
// In performance critical applications, Reset can be used to discard the
// current compressor or decompressor state and reinitialize them quickly
// by taking advantage of previously allocated memory.
func Example_reset() {
proverbs := []string{
"Don't communicate by sharing memory, share memory by communicating.\n",
"Concurrency is not parallelism.\n",
"The bigger the interface, the weaker the abstraction.\n",
"Documentation is for users.\n",
}
var r strings.Reader
var b bytes.Buffer
buf := make([]byte, 32<<10)
zw, err := flate.NewWriter(nil, flate.DefaultCompression)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
zr := flate.NewReader(nil)
for _, s := range proverbs {
r.Reset(s)
b.Reset()
// Reset the compressor and encode from some input stream.
zw.Reset(&b)
if _, err := io.CopyBuffer(zw, &r, buf); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if err := zw.Close(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// Reset the decompressor and decode to some output stream.
if err := zr.(flate.Resetter).Reset(&b, nil); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if _, err := io.CopyBuffer(os.Stdout, zr, buf); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if err := zr.Close(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
// Output:
// Don't communicate by sharing memory, share memory by communicating.
// Concurrency is not parallelism.
// The bigger the interface, the weaker the abstraction.
// Documentation is for users.
}
// A preset dictionary can be used to improve the compression ratio.
// The downside to using a dictionary is that the compressor and decompressor
// must agree in advance what dictionary to use.
func Example_dictionary() {
// The dictionary is a string of bytes. When compressing some input data,
// the compressor will attempt to substitute substrings with matches found
// in the dictionary. As such, the dictionary should only contain substrings
// that are expected to be found in the actual data stream.
const dict = `<?xml version="1.0"?>` + `<book>` + `<data>` + `<meta name="` + `" content="`
// The data to compress should (but is not required to) contain frequent
// substrings that match those in the dictionary.
const data = `<?xml version="1.0"?>
<book>
<meta name="title" content="The Go Programming Language"/>
<meta name="authors" content="Alan Donovan and Brian Kernighan"/>
<meta name="published" content="2015-10-26"/>
<meta name="isbn" content="978-0134190440"/>
<data>...</data>
</book>
`
var b bytes.Buffer
// Compress the data using the specially crafted dictionary.
zw, err := flate.NewWriterDict(&b, flate.DefaultCompression, []byte(dict))
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if _, err := io.Copy(zw, strings.NewReader(data)); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if err := zw.Close(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// The decompressor must use the same dictionary as the compressor.
// Otherwise, the input may appear as corrupted.
fmt.Println("Decompressed output using the dictionary:")
zr := flate.NewReaderDict(bytes.NewReader(b.Bytes()), []byte(dict))
if _, err := io.Copy(os.Stdout, zr); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if err := zr.Close(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println()
// Substitute all of the bytes in the dictionary with a '#' to visually
// demonstrate the approximate effectiveness of using a preset dictionary.
fmt.Println("Substrings matched by the dictionary are marked with #:")
hashDict := []byte(dict)
for i := range hashDict {
hashDict[i] = '#'
}
zr = flate.NewReaderDict(&b, hashDict)
if _, err := io.Copy(os.Stdout, zr); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if err := zr.Close(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// Output:
// Decompressed output using the dictionary:
// <?xml version="1.0"?>
// <book>
// <meta name="title" content="The Go Programming Language"/>
// <meta name="authors" content="Alan Donovan and Brian Kernighan"/>
// <meta name="published" content="2015-10-26"/>
// <meta name="isbn" content="978-0134190440"/>
// <data>...</data>
// </book>
//
// Substrings matched by the dictionary are marked with #:
// #####################
// ######
// ############title###########The Go Programming Language"/#
// ############authors###########Alan Donovan and Brian Kernighan"/#
// ############published###########2015-10-26"/#
// ############isbn###########978-0134190440"/#
// ######...</#####
// </#####
}
// DEFLATE is suitable for transmitting compressed data across the network.
func Example_synchronization() {
var wg sync.WaitGroup
defer wg.Wait()
// Use io.Pipe to simulate a network connection.
// A real network application should take care to properly close the
// underlying connection.
rp, wp := io.Pipe()
// Start a goroutine to act as the transmitter.
wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer wg.Done()
zw, err := flate.NewWriter(wp, flate.BestSpeed)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
b := make([]byte, 256)
for _, m := range strings.Fields("A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away...") {
// We use a simple framing format where the first byte is the
// message length, followed the message itself.
b[0] = uint8(copy(b[1:], m))
if _, err := zw.Write(b[:1+len(m)]); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// Flush ensures that the receiver can read all data sent so far.
if err := zw.Flush(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
if err := zw.Close(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}()
// Start a goroutine to act as the receiver.
wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer wg.Done()
zr := flate.NewReader(rp)
b := make([]byte, 256)
for {
// Read the message length.
// This is guaranteed to return for every corresponding
// Flush and Close on the transmitter side.
if _, err := io.ReadFull(zr, b[:1]); err != nil {
if err == io.EOF {
break // The transmitter closed the stream
}
log.Fatal(err)
}
// Read the message content.
n := int(b[0])
if _, err := io.ReadFull(zr, b[:n]); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Printf("Received %d bytes: %s\n", n, b[:n])
}
fmt.Println()
if err := zr.Close(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}()
// Output:
// Received 1 bytes: A
// Received 4 bytes: long
// Received 4 bytes: time
// Received 3 bytes: ago
// Received 2 bytes: in
// Received 1 bytes: a
// Received 6 bytes: galaxy
// Received 4 bytes: far,
// Received 3 bytes: far
// Received 7 bytes: away...
}