cmd/internal/gc: fmt.Sprintf elimination and minor cleanup

Change-Id: Iaf5a7d25e6308b32c17a38afbbd46befa17aa3a4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/7629
Reviewed-by: Rob Pike <r@golang.org>
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/bv.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/bv.go
index 9ee23af..2b988e6 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/bv.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/bv.go
@@ -58,16 +58,8 @@
 
 /* difference */
 func bvandnot(dst Bvec, src1 Bvec, src2 Bvec) {
-	var i int32
-	var w int32
-
-	if dst.n != src1.n || dst.n != src2.n {
-		Fatal("bvand: lengths %d, %d, and %d are not equal", dst.n, src1.n, src2.n)
-	}
-	i = 0
-	w = 0
-	for ; i < dst.n; i, w = i+WORDBITS, w+1 {
-		dst.b[w] = src1.b[w] &^ src2.b[w]
+	for i, x := range src1.b {
+		dst.b[i] = x &^ src2.b[i]
 	}
 }
 
@@ -152,11 +144,8 @@
 }
 
 func bvnot(bv Bvec) {
-	var i int32
-	var w int32
-
-	i = 0
-	w = 0
+	i := int32(0)
+	w := int32(0)
 	for ; i < bv.n; i, w = i+WORDBITS, w+1 {
 		bv.b[w] = ^bv.b[w]
 	}
@@ -164,31 +153,15 @@
 
 /* union */
 func bvor(dst Bvec, src1 Bvec, src2 Bvec) {
-	var i int32
-	var w int32
-
-	if dst.n != src1.n || dst.n != src2.n {
-		Fatal("bvor: lengths %d, %d, and %d are not equal", dst.n, src1.n, src2.n)
-	}
-	i = 0
-	w = 0
-	for ; i < dst.n; i, w = i+WORDBITS, w+1 {
-		dst.b[w] = src1.b[w] | src2.b[w]
+	for i, x := range src1.b {
+		dst.b[i] = x | src2.b[i]
 	}
 }
 
 /* intersection */
 func bvand(dst Bvec, src1 Bvec, src2 Bvec) {
-	var i int32
-	var w int32
-
-	if dst.n != src1.n || dst.n != src2.n {
-		Fatal("bvor: lengths %d, %d, and %d are not equal", dst.n, src1.n, src2.n)
-	}
-	i = 0
-	w = 0
-	for ; i < dst.n; i, w = i+WORDBITS, w+1 {
-		dst.b[w] = src1.b[w] & src2.b[w]
+	for i, x := range src1.b {
+		dst.b[i] = x & src2.b[i]
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/dcl.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/dcl.go
index fa955ba..64be3e7 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/dcl.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/dcl.go
@@ -1470,14 +1470,17 @@
 }
 
 func funcsym(s *Sym) *Sym {
-	p := fmt.Sprintf("%s·f", s.Name)
-	s1 := Pkglookup(p, s.Pkg)
+	if s.Fsym != nil {
+		return s.Fsym
+	}
 
+	s1 := Pkglookup(s.Name+"·f", s.Pkg)
 	if s1.Def == nil {
 		s1.Def = newname(s1)
 		s1.Def.Shortname = newname(s)
 		funcsyms = list(funcsyms, s1.Def)
 	}
+	s.Fsym = s1
 
 	return s1
 }
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/esc.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/esc.go
index d7a8869..4012588 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/esc.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/esc.go
@@ -436,9 +436,6 @@
 }
 
 func esc(e *EscState, n *Node, up *Node) {
-	var ll *NodeList
-	var lr *NodeList
-
 	if n == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -457,7 +454,7 @@
 	// must happen before processing of switch body,
 	// so before recursion.
 	if n.Op == OSWITCH && n.Ntest != nil && n.Ntest.Op == OTYPESW {
-		for ll = n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next { // cases
+		for ll := n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next { // cases
 
 			// ll->n->nname is the variable per case
 			if ll.N.Nname != nil {
@@ -522,7 +519,7 @@
 
 	case OSWITCH:
 		if n.Ntest != nil && n.Ntest.Op == OTYPESW {
-			for ll = n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next { // cases
+			for ll := n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next { // cases
 
 				// ntest->right is the argument of the .(type),
 				// ll->n->nname is the variable per case
@@ -574,8 +571,8 @@
 
 	case OAS2: // x,y = a,b
 		if count(n.List) == count(n.Rlist) {
-			ll = n.List
-			lr = n.Rlist
+			ll := n.List
+			lr := n.Rlist
 			for ; ll != nil; ll, lr = ll.Next, lr.Next {
 				escassign(e, ll.N, lr.N)
 			}
@@ -602,7 +599,7 @@
 		escassign(e, &e.theSink, n.Left.Left)
 
 		escassign(e, &e.theSink, n.Left.Right) // ODDDARG for call
-		for ll = n.Left.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+		for ll := n.Left.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 			escassign(e, &e.theSink, ll.N)
 		}
 
@@ -613,8 +610,9 @@
 
 		// esccall already done on n->rlist->n. tie it's escretval to n->list
 	case OAS2FUNC: // x,y = f()
-		lr = n.Rlist.N.Escretval
+		lr := n.Rlist.N.Escretval
 
+		var ll *NodeList
 		for ll = n.List; lr != nil && ll != nil; lr, ll = lr.Next, ll.Next {
 			escassign(e, ll.N, lr.N)
 		}
@@ -623,7 +621,7 @@
 		}
 
 	case ORETURN:
-		ll = n.List
+		ll := n.List
 		if count(n.List) == 1 && Curfn.Type.Outtuple > 1 {
 			// OAS2FUNC in disguise
 			// esccall already done on n->list->n
@@ -631,7 +629,7 @@
 			ll = n.List.N.Escretval
 		}
 
-		for lr = Curfn.Dcl; lr != nil && ll != nil; lr = lr.Next {
+		for lr := Curfn.Dcl; lr != nil && ll != nil; lr = lr.Next {
 			if lr.N.Op != ONAME || lr.N.Class != PPARAMOUT {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -649,7 +647,7 @@
 
 	case OAPPEND:
 		if !n.Isddd {
-			for ll = n.List.Next; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+			for ll := n.List.Next; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 				escassign(e, &e.theSink, ll.N) // lose track of assign to dereference
 			}
 		}
@@ -666,19 +664,19 @@
 			n.Escloopdepth = e.loopdepth
 
 			// Values make it to memory, lose track.
-			for ll = n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+			for ll := n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 				escassign(e, &e.theSink, ll.N.Right)
 			}
 		} else {
 			// Link values to array.
-			for ll = n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+			for ll := n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 				escassign(e, n, ll.N.Right)
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Link values to struct.
 	case OSTRUCTLIT:
-		for ll = n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+		for ll := n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 			escassign(e, n, ll.N.Right)
 		}
 
@@ -704,7 +702,7 @@
 		n.Escloopdepth = e.loopdepth
 
 		// Keys and values make it to memory, lose track.
-		for ll = n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+		for ll := n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 			escassign(e, &e.theSink, ll.N.Left)
 			escassign(e, &e.theSink, ll.N.Right)
 		}
@@ -713,7 +711,7 @@
 	case OCLOSURE:
 		var a *Node
 		var v *Node
-		for ll = n.Cvars; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+		for ll := n.Cvars; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 			v = ll.N
 			if v.Op == OXXX { // unnamed out argument; see dcl.c:/^funcargs
 				continue
@@ -953,9 +951,7 @@
 }
 
 func escassignfromtag(e *EscState, note *string, dsts *NodeList, src *Node) int {
-	var em int
-
-	em = parsetag(note)
+	em := parsetag(note)
 
 	if em == EscUnknown {
 		escassign(e, &e.theSink, src)
@@ -992,8 +988,6 @@
 // different for methods vs plain functions and for imported vs
 // this-package
 func esccall(e *EscState, n *Node, up *Node) {
-	var ll *NodeList
-	var lr *NodeList
 	var fntype *Type
 
 	var fn *Node
@@ -1017,7 +1011,7 @@
 		fntype = n.Left.Type
 	}
 
-	ll = n.List
+	ll := n.List
 	if n.List != nil && n.List.Next == nil {
 		a := n.List.N
 		if a.Type.Etype == TSTRUCT && a.Type.Funarg != 0 { // f(g()).
@@ -1033,7 +1027,7 @@
 		}
 
 		// set up out list on this call node
-		for lr = fn.Ntype.Rlist; lr != nil; lr = lr.Next {
+		for lr := fn.Ntype.Rlist; lr != nil; lr = lr.Next {
 			n.Escretval = list(n.Escretval, lr.N.Left) // type.rlist ->  dclfield -> ONAME (PPARAMOUT)
 		}
 
@@ -1043,7 +1037,7 @@
 		}
 
 		var src *Node
-		for lr = fn.Ntype.List; ll != nil && lr != nil; ll, lr = ll.Next, lr.Next {
+		for lr := fn.Ntype.List; ll != nil && lr != nil; ll, lr = ll.Next, lr.Next {
 			src = ll.N
 			if lr.N.Isddd && !n.Isddd {
 				// Introduce ODDDARG node to represent ... allocation.
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/fmt.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/fmt.go
index ad1d3cb..392ba96 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/fmt.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/fmt.go
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@
 package gc
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"cmd/internal/obj"
 	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 )
@@ -191,28 +193,28 @@
 
 // Fmt "%J": Node details.
 func Jconv(n *Node, flag int) string {
-	var fp string
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
 
 	c := flag & obj.FmtShort
 
 	if c == 0 && n.Ullman != 0 {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" u(%d)", n.Ullman)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " u(%d)", n.Ullman)
 	}
 
 	if c == 0 && n.Addable != 0 {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" a(%d)", n.Addable)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " a(%d)", n.Addable)
 	}
 
 	if c == 0 && n.Vargen != 0 {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" g(%d)", n.Vargen)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " g(%d)", n.Vargen)
 	}
 
 	if n.Lineno != 0 {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" l(%d)", n.Lineno)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " l(%d)", n.Lineno)
 	}
 
 	if c == 0 && n.Xoffset != BADWIDTH {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" x(%d%+d)", n.Xoffset, n.Stkdelta)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " x(%d%+d)", n.Xoffset, n.Stkdelta)
 	}
 
 	if n.Class != 0 {
@@ -221,18 +223,18 @@
 			s = ",heap"
 		}
 		if int(n.Class&^PHEAP) < len(classnames) {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf(" class(%s%s)", classnames[n.Class&^PHEAP], s)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " class(%s%s)", classnames[n.Class&^PHEAP], s)
 		} else {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf(" class(%d?%s)", n.Class&^PHEAP, s)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " class(%d?%s)", n.Class&^PHEAP, s)
 		}
 	}
 
 	if n.Colas != 0 {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" colas(%d)", n.Colas)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " colas(%d)", n.Colas)
 	}
 
 	if n.Funcdepth != 0 {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" f(%d)", n.Funcdepth)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " f(%d)", n.Funcdepth)
 	}
 
 	switch n.Esc {
@@ -240,59 +242,59 @@
 		break
 
 	case EscHeap:
-		fp += " esc(h)"
+		buf.WriteString(" esc(h)")
 
 	case EscScope:
-		fp += " esc(s)"
+		buf.WriteString(" esc(s)")
 
 	case EscNone:
-		fp += " esc(no)"
+		buf.WriteString(" esc(no)")
 
 	case EscNever:
 		if c == 0 {
-			fp += " esc(N)"
+			buf.WriteString(" esc(N)")
 		}
 
 	default:
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" esc(%d)", n.Esc)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " esc(%d)", n.Esc)
 	}
 
 	if n.Escloopdepth != 0 {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" ld(%d)", n.Escloopdepth)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " ld(%d)", n.Escloopdepth)
 	}
 
 	if c == 0 && n.Typecheck != 0 {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" tc(%d)", n.Typecheck)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " tc(%d)", n.Typecheck)
 	}
 
 	if c == 0 && n.Dodata != 0 {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" dd(%d)", n.Dodata)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " dd(%d)", n.Dodata)
 	}
 
 	if n.Isddd {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" isddd(%v)", n.Isddd)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " isddd(%v)", n.Isddd)
 	}
 
 	if n.Implicit {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" implicit(%v)", n.Implicit)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " implicit(%v)", n.Implicit)
 	}
 
 	if n.Embedded != 0 {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" embedded(%d)", n.Embedded)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " embedded(%d)", n.Embedded)
 	}
 
 	if n.Addrtaken {
-		fp += " addrtaken"
+		buf.WriteString(" addrtaken")
 	}
 
 	if n.Assigned {
-		fp += " assigned"
+		buf.WriteString(" assigned")
 	}
 
 	if c == 0 && n.Used {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" used(%v)", n.Used)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " used(%v)", n.Used)
 	}
-	return fp
+	return buf.String()
 }
 
 // Fmt "%V": Values
@@ -300,11 +302,9 @@
 	switch v.Ctype {
 	case CTINT:
 		if (flag&obj.FmtSharp != 0 /*untyped*/) || fmtmode == FExp {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%v", Bconv(v.U.Xval, obj.FmtSharp))
+			return Bconv(v.U.Xval, obj.FmtSharp)
 		}
-		var fp string
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Bconv(v.U.Xval, 0))
-		return fp
+		return Bconv(v.U.Xval, 0)
 
 	case CTRUNE:
 		x := Mpgetfix(v.U.Xval)
@@ -317,17 +317,13 @@
 		if 0 <= x && x <= utf8.MaxRune {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("'\\U%08x'", uint64(x))
 		}
-		var fp string
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("('\\x00' + %v)", Bconv(v.U.Xval, 0))
-		return fp
+		return fmt.Sprintf("('\\x00' + %v)", Bconv(v.U.Xval, 0))
 
 	case CTFLT:
 		if (flag&obj.FmtSharp != 0 /*untyped*/) || fmtmode == FExp {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%v", Fconv(v.U.Fval, 0))
+			return Fconv(v.U.Fval, 0)
 		}
-		var fp string
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Fconv(v.U.Fval, obj.FmtSharp))
-		return fp
+		return Fconv(v.U.Fval, obj.FmtSharp)
 
 	case CTCPLX:
 		if (flag&obj.FmtSharp != 0 /*untyped*/) || fmtmode == FExp {
@@ -337,32 +333,24 @@
 			return fmt.Sprintf("%vi", Fconv(&v.U.Cval.Imag, obj.FmtSharp))
 		}
 		if mpcmpfltc(&v.U.Cval.Imag, 0) == 0 {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%v", Fconv(&v.U.Cval.Real, obj.FmtSharp))
+			return Fconv(&v.U.Cval.Real, obj.FmtSharp)
 		}
 		if mpcmpfltc(&v.U.Cval.Imag, 0) < 0 {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("(%v%vi)", Fconv(&v.U.Cval.Real, obj.FmtSharp), Fconv(&v.U.Cval.Imag, obj.FmtSharp))
 		}
-		var fp string
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("(%v+%vi)", Fconv(&v.U.Cval.Real, obj.FmtSharp), Fconv(&v.U.Cval.Imag, obj.FmtSharp))
-		return fp
+		return fmt.Sprintf("(%v+%vi)", Fconv(&v.U.Cval.Real, obj.FmtSharp), Fconv(&v.U.Cval.Imag, obj.FmtSharp))
 
 	case CTSTR:
-		var fp string
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("%q", v.U.Sval)
-		return fp
+		return strconv.Quote(v.U.Sval)
 
 	case CTBOOL:
 		if v.U.Bval != 0 {
 			return "true"
 		}
-		var fp string
-		fp += "false"
-		return fp
+		return "false"
 
 	case CTNIL:
-		var fp string
-		fp += "nil"
-		return fp
+		return "nil"
 	}
 
 	return fmt.Sprintf("<ctype=%d>", v.Ctype)
@@ -429,22 +417,16 @@
 			if s.Pkg.Name != "" && numImport[s.Pkg.Name] > 1 {
 				return fmt.Sprintf("%q.%s", s.Pkg.Path, s.Name)
 			}
-			var fp string
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", s.Pkg.Name, s.Name)
-			return fp
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", s.Pkg.Name, s.Name)
 
 		case FDbg:
-			var fp string
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", s.Pkg.Name, s.Name)
-			return fp
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", s.Pkg.Name, s.Name)
 
 		case FTypeId:
-			if flag&obj.FmtUnsigned != 0 /*untyped*/ {
+			if flag&obj.FmtUnsigned != 0 {
 				return fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", s.Pkg.Name, s.Name) // dcommontype, typehash
 			}
-			var fp string
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", s.Pkg.Prefix, s.Name)
-			return fp // (methodsym), typesym, weaksym
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", s.Pkg.Prefix, s.Name) // (methodsym), typesym, weaksym
 
 		case FExp:
 			if s.Name != "" && s.Name[0] == '.' {
@@ -507,7 +489,7 @@
 	if t == bytetype || t == runetype {
 		// in %-T mode collapse rune and byte with their originals.
 		if fmtmode != FTypeId {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%v", Sconv(t.Sym, obj.FmtShort))
+			return Sconv(t.Sym, obj.FmtShort)
 		}
 		t = Types[t.Etype]
 	}
@@ -524,11 +506,11 @@
 				if t.Vargen != 0 {
 					return fmt.Sprintf("%v·%d", Sconv(t.Sym, obj.FmtShort), t.Vargen)
 				}
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%v", Sconv(t.Sym, obj.FmtShort))
+				return Sconv(t.Sym, obj.FmtShort)
 			}
 
 			if flag&obj.FmtUnsigned != 0 /*untyped*/ {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%v", Sconv(t.Sym, obj.FmtUnsigned))
+				return Sconv(t.Sym, obj.FmtUnsigned)
 			}
 			fallthrough
 
@@ -539,98 +521,92 @@
 			}
 		}
 
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%v", Sconv(t.Sym, 0))
+		return Sconv(t.Sym, 0)
 	}
 
-	var fp string
 	if int(t.Etype) < len(basicnames) && basicnames[t.Etype] != "" {
+		prefix := ""
 		if fmtmode == FErr && (t == idealbool || t == idealstring) {
-			fp += "untyped "
+			prefix = "untyped "
 		}
-		fp += basicnames[t.Etype]
-		return fp
+		return prefix + basicnames[t.Etype]
 	}
 
 	if fmtmode == FDbg {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-", Econv(int(t.Etype), 0))
+		fmtmode = 0
+		str := Econv(int(t.Etype), 0) + "-" + typefmt(t, flag)
+		fmtmode = FDbg
+		return str
 	}
 
 	switch t.Etype {
 	case TPTR32,
 		TPTR64:
 		if fmtmode == FTypeId && (flag&obj.FmtShort != 0 /*untyped*/) {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("*%v", Tconv(t.Type, obj.FmtShort))
-			return fp
+			return fmt.Sprintf("*%v", Tconv(t.Type, obj.FmtShort))
 		}
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("*%v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
-		return fp
+		return fmt.Sprintf("*%v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
 
 	case TARRAY:
 		if t.Bound >= 0 {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("[%d]%v", t.Bound, Tconv(t.Type, 0))
-			return fp
+			return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]%v", t.Bound, Tconv(t.Type, 0))
 		}
 		if t.Bound == -100 {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("[...]%v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
-			return fp
+			return fmt.Sprintf("[...]%v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
 		}
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("[]%v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
-		return fp
+		return fmt.Sprintf("[]%v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
 
 	case TCHAN:
 		switch t.Chan {
 		case Crecv:
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("<-chan %v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
-			return fp
+			return fmt.Sprintf("<-chan %v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
 
 		case Csend:
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("chan<- %v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
-			return fp
+			return fmt.Sprintf("chan<- %v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
 		}
 
 		if t.Type != nil && t.Type.Etype == TCHAN && t.Type.Sym == nil && t.Type.Chan == Crecv {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("chan (%v)", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
-			return fp
+			return fmt.Sprintf("chan (%v)", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
 		}
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("chan %v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
-		return fp
+		return fmt.Sprintf("chan %v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
 
 	case TMAP:
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("map[%v]%v", Tconv(t.Down, 0), Tconv(t.Type, 0))
-		return fp
+		return fmt.Sprintf("map[%v]%v", Tconv(t.Down, 0), Tconv(t.Type, 0))
 
 	case TINTER:
-		fp += "interface {"
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		buf.WriteString("interface {")
 		for t1 := t.Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+			buf.WriteString(" ")
 			if exportname(t1.Sym.Name) {
-				if t1.Down != nil {
-					fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %v%v;", Sconv(t1.Sym, obj.FmtShort), Tconv(t1.Type, obj.FmtShort))
-				} else {
-					fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %v%v ", Sconv(t1.Sym, obj.FmtShort), Tconv(t1.Type, obj.FmtShort))
-				}
+				buf.WriteString(Sconv(t1.Sym, obj.FmtShort))
 			} else {
-				// non-exported method names must be qualified
-				if t1.Down != nil {
-					fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %v%v;", Sconv(t1.Sym, obj.FmtUnsigned), Tconv(t1.Type, obj.FmtShort))
-				} else {
-					fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %v%v ", Sconv(t1.Sym, obj.FmtUnsigned), Tconv(t1.Type, obj.FmtShort))
-				}
+				buf.WriteString(Sconv(t1.Sym, obj.FmtUnsigned))
+			}
+			buf.WriteString(Tconv(t1.Type, obj.FmtShort))
+			if t1.Down != nil {
+				buf.WriteString(";")
 			}
 		}
-
-		fp += "}"
-		return fp
+		if t.Type != nil {
+			buf.WriteString(" ")
+		}
+		buf.WriteString("}")
+		return buf.String()
 
 	case TFUNC:
-		if flag&obj.FmtShort != 0 /*untyped*/ {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(getinargx(t), 0))
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		if flag&obj.FmtShort != 0 {
+			// no leading func
 		} else {
 			if t.Thistuple != 0 {
-				fp += fmt.Sprintf("method%v func%v", Tconv(getthisx(t), 0), Tconv(getinargx(t), 0))
-			} else {
-				fp += fmt.Sprintf("func%v", Tconv(getinargx(t), 0))
+				buf.WriteString("method")
+				buf.WriteString(Tconv(getthisx(t), 0))
+				buf.WriteString(" ")
 			}
+			buf.WriteString("func")
 		}
+		buf.WriteString(Tconv(getinargx(t), 0))
 
 		switch t.Outtuple {
 		case 0:
@@ -638,75 +614,74 @@
 
 		case 1:
 			if fmtmode != FExp {
-				fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %v", Tconv(getoutargx(t).Type.Type, 0)) // struct->field->field's type
+				buf.WriteString(" ")
+				buf.WriteString(Tconv(getoutargx(t).Type.Type, 0)) // struct->field->field's type
 				break
 			}
 			fallthrough
 
 		default:
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %v", Tconv(getoutargx(t), 0))
+			buf.WriteString(" ")
+			buf.WriteString(Tconv(getoutargx(t), 0))
 		}
+		return buf.String()
 
-		return fp
-
-		// Format the bucket struct for map[x]y as map.bucket[x]y.
-	// This avoids a recursive print that generates very long names.
 	case TSTRUCT:
 		if t.Map != nil {
+			// Format the bucket struct for map[x]y as map.bucket[x]y.
+			// This avoids a recursive print that generates very long names.
 			if t.Map.Bucket == t {
-				fp += fmt.Sprintf("map.bucket[%v]%v", Tconv(t.Map.Down, 0), Tconv(t.Map.Type, 0))
-				return fp
+				return fmt.Sprintf("map.bucket[%v]%v", Tconv(t.Map.Down, 0), Tconv(t.Map.Type, 0))
 			}
 
 			if t.Map.Hmap == t {
-				fp += fmt.Sprintf("map.hdr[%v]%v", Tconv(t.Map.Down, 0), Tconv(t.Map.Type, 0))
-				return fp
+				return fmt.Sprintf("map.hdr[%v]%v", Tconv(t.Map.Down, 0), Tconv(t.Map.Type, 0))
 			}
 
 			if t.Map.Hiter == t {
-				fp += fmt.Sprintf("map.iter[%v]%v", Tconv(t.Map.Down, 0), Tconv(t.Map.Type, 0))
-				return fp
+				return fmt.Sprintf("map.iter[%v]%v", Tconv(t.Map.Down, 0), Tconv(t.Map.Type, 0))
 			}
 
 			Yyerror("unknown internal map type")
 		}
 
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
 		if t.Funarg != 0 {
-			fp += "("
+			buf.WriteString("(")
 			if fmtmode == FTypeId || fmtmode == FErr { // no argument names on function signature, and no "noescape"/"nosplit" tags
 				for t1 := t.Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+					buf.WriteString(Tconv(t1, obj.FmtShort))
 					if t1.Down != nil {
-						fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v, ", Tconv(t1, obj.FmtShort))
-					} else {
-						fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(t1, obj.FmtShort))
+						buf.WriteString(", ")
 					}
 				}
 			} else {
 				for t1 := t.Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+					buf.WriteString(Tconv(t1, 0))
 					if t1.Down != nil {
-						fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v, ", Tconv(t1, 0))
-					} else {
-						fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(t1, 0))
+						buf.WriteString(", ")
 					}
 				}
 			}
-
-			fp += ")"
+			buf.WriteString(")")
 		} else {
-			fp += "struct {"
+			buf.WriteString("struct {")
 			for t1 := t.Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+				buf.WriteString(" ")
+				buf.WriteString(Tconv(t1, obj.FmtLong))
 				if t1.Down != nil {
-					fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %v;", Tconv(t1, obj.FmtLong))
-				} else {
-					fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %v ", Tconv(t1, obj.FmtLong))
+					buf.WriteString(";")
 				}
 			}
-			fp += "}"
+			if t.Type != nil {
+				buf.WriteString(" ")
+			}
+			buf.WriteString("}")
 		}
-
-		return fp
+		return buf.String()
 
 	case TFIELD:
+		var name string
 		if flag&obj.FmtShort == 0 /*untyped*/ {
 			s := t.Sym
 
@@ -729,11 +704,11 @@
 
 			if s != nil && t.Embedded == 0 {
 				if t.Funarg != 0 {
-					fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v ", Nconv(t.Nname, 0))
-				} else if flag&obj.FmtLong != 0 /*untyped*/ {
-					fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v ", Sconv(s, obj.FmtShort|obj.FmtByte)) // qualify non-exported names (used on structs, not on funarg)
+					name = Nconv(t.Nname, 0)
+				} else if flag&obj.FmtLong != 0 {
+					name = Sconv(s, obj.FmtShort|obj.FmtByte) // qualify non-exported names (used on structs, not on funarg)
 				} else {
-					fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v ", Sconv(s, 0))
+					name = Sconv(s, 0)
 				}
 			} else if fmtmode == FExp {
 				// TODO(rsc) this breaks on the eliding of unused arguments in the backend
@@ -742,39 +717,40 @@
 				//	fmtstrcpy(fp, "_ ");
 				//else
 				if t.Embedded != 0 && s.Pkg != nil && len(s.Pkg.Path) > 0 {
-					fp += fmt.Sprintf("@%q.? ", s.Pkg.Path)
+					name = fmt.Sprintf("@%q.?", s.Pkg.Path)
 				} else {
-					fp += "? "
+					name = "?"
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
+		var typ string
 		if t.Isddd {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("...%v", Tconv(t.Type.Type, 0))
+			typ = "..." + Tconv(t.Type.Type, 0)
 		} else {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(t.Type, 0))
+			typ = Tconv(t.Type, 0)
 		}
 
-		if flag&obj.FmtShort == 0 /*untyped*/ && t.Note != nil {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %q", *t.Note)
+		str := typ
+		if name != "" {
+			str = name + " " + typ
 		}
-		return fp
+		if flag&obj.FmtShort == 0 && t.Note != nil {
+			str += " " + strconv.Quote(*t.Note)
+		}
+		return str
 
 	case TFORW:
 		if t.Sym != nil {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("undefined %v", Sconv(t.Sym, 0))
-			return fp
+			return fmt.Sprintf("undefined %v", Sconv(t.Sym, 0))
 		}
-		fp += "undefined"
-		return fp
+		return "undefined"
 
 	case TUNSAFEPTR:
 		if fmtmode == FExp {
-			fp += "@\"unsafe\".Pointer"
-			return fp
+			return "@\"unsafe\".Pointer"
 		}
-		fp += "unsafe.Pointer"
-		return fp
+		return "unsafe.Pointer"
 	}
 
 	if fmtmode == FExp {
@@ -782,8 +758,7 @@
 	}
 
 	// Don't know how to handle - fall back to detailed prints.
-	fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v <%v> %v", Econv(int(t.Etype), 0), Sconv(t.Sym, 0), Tconv(t.Type, 0))
-	return fp
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%v <%v> %v", Econv(int(t.Etype), 0), Sconv(t.Sym, 0), Tconv(t.Type, 0))
 }
 
 // Statements which may be rendered with a simplestmt as init.
@@ -841,7 +816,7 @@
 		if n.Left != nil {
 			f += fmt.Sprintf("%v %v", Nconv(n.Left, 0), Nconv(n.Right, 0))
 		} else {
-			f += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Nconv(n.Right, 0))
+			f += Nconv(n.Right, 0)
 		}
 
 		// Don't export "v = <N>" initializing statements, hope they're always
@@ -951,12 +926,12 @@
 			break
 		}
 
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp))
+		f += Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp)
 		if simpleinit {
 			f += fmt.Sprintf(" %v;", Nconv(n.Ninit.N, 0))
 		}
 		if n.Ntest != nil {
-			f += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Nconv(n.Ntest, 0))
+			f += Nconv(n.Ntest, 0)
 		}
 
 		f += fmt.Sprintf(" { %v }", Hconv(n.List, 0))
@@ -977,7 +952,7 @@
 		if n.Left != nil {
 			f += fmt.Sprintf("%v %v", Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp), Nconv(n.Left, 0))
 		} else {
-			f += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp))
+			f += Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp)
 		}
 
 	case OEMPTY:
@@ -1128,19 +1103,13 @@
 
 	switch n.Op {
 	case OPAREN:
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("(%v)", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
-		return f
+		return fmt.Sprintf("(%v)", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
 
 	case ODDDARG:
-		var f string
-		f += "... argument"
-		return f
+		return "... argument"
 
 	case OREGISTER:
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("%v", obj.Rconv(int(n.Val.U.Reg)))
-		return f
+		return obj.Rconv(int(n.Val.U.Reg))
 
 	case OLITERAL: // this is a bit of a mess
 		if fmtmode == FErr {
@@ -1148,7 +1117,7 @@
 				return exprfmt(n.Orig, prec)
 			}
 			if n.Sym != nil {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%v", Sconv(n.Sym, 0))
+				return Sconv(n.Sym, 0)
 			}
 		}
 		if n.Val.Ctype == CTNIL && n.Orig != nil && n.Orig != n {
@@ -1164,9 +1133,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Vconv(&n.Val, 0))
-		return f
+		return Vconv(&n.Val, 0)
 
 		// Special case: name used as local variable in export.
 	// _ becomes ~b%d internally; print as _ for export
@@ -1193,17 +1160,13 @@
 		//fallthrough
 	case OPACK,
 		ONONAME:
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Sconv(n.Sym, 0))
-		return f
+		return Sconv(n.Sym, 0)
 
 	case OTYPE:
 		if n.Type == nil && n.Sym != nil {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%v", Sconv(n.Sym, 0))
+			return Sconv(n.Sym, 0)
 		}
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(n.Type, 0))
-		return f
+		return Tconv(n.Type, 0)
 
 	case OTARRAY:
 		if n.Left != nil {
@@ -1214,21 +1177,15 @@
 		return f // happens before typecheck
 
 	case OTMAP:
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("map[%v]%v", Nconv(n.Left, 0), Nconv(n.Right, 0))
-		return f
+		return fmt.Sprintf("map[%v]%v", Nconv(n.Left, 0), Nconv(n.Right, 0))
 
 	case OTCHAN:
 		switch n.Etype {
 		case Crecv:
-			var f string
-			f += fmt.Sprintf("<-chan %v", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
-			return f
+			return fmt.Sprintf("<-chan %v", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
 
 		case Csend:
-			var f string
-			f += fmt.Sprintf("chan<- %v", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
-			return f
+			return fmt.Sprintf("chan<- %v", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
 
 		default:
 			if n.Left != nil && n.Left.Op == OTCHAN && n.Left.Sym == nil && n.Left.Etype == Crecv {
@@ -1240,19 +1197,13 @@
 		fallthrough
 
 	case OTSTRUCT:
-		var f string
-		f += "<struct>"
-		return f
+		return "<struct>"
 
 	case OTINTER:
-		var f string
-		f += "<inter>"
-		return f
+		return "<inter>"
 
 	case OTFUNC:
-		var f string
-		f += "<func>"
-		return f
+		return "<func>"
 
 	case OCLOSURE:
 		if fmtmode == FErr {
@@ -1261,9 +1212,7 @@
 		if n.Nbody != nil {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("%v { %v }", Tconv(n.Type, 0), Hconv(n.Nbody, 0))
 		}
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("%v { %v }", Tconv(n.Type, 0), Hconv(n.Closure.Nbody, 0))
-		return f
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%v { %v }", Tconv(n.Type, 0), Hconv(n.Closure.Nbody, 0))
 
 	case OCOMPLIT:
 		ptrlit := n.Right != nil && n.Right.Implicit && n.Right.Type != nil && Isptr[n.Right.Type.Etype]
@@ -1284,17 +1233,13 @@
 			return fmt.Sprintf("(&%v{ %v })", Tconv(n.Right.Type.Type, 0), Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
 		}
 
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("(%v{ %v })", Nconv(n.Right, 0), Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
-		return f
+		return fmt.Sprintf("(%v{ %v })", Nconv(n.Right, 0), Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
 
 	case OPTRLIT:
 		if fmtmode == FExp && n.Left.Implicit {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%v", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
+			return Nconv(n.Left, 0)
 		}
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("&%v", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
-		return f
+		return fmt.Sprintf("&%v", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
 
 	case OSTRUCTLIT:
 		if fmtmode == FExp { // requires special handling of field names
@@ -1333,9 +1278,7 @@
 		if fmtmode == FExp && n.Implicit {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("{ %v }", Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
 		}
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("(%v{ %v })", Tconv(n.Type, 0), Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
-		return f
+		return fmt.Sprintf("(%v{ %v })", Tconv(n.Type, 0), Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
 
 	case OKEY:
 		if n.Left != nil && n.Right != nil {
@@ -1353,9 +1296,7 @@
 		if n.Left != nil && n.Right == nil {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("%v:", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
 		}
-		var f string
-		f += ":"
-		return f
+		return ":"
 
 	case OXDOT,
 		ODOT,
@@ -1397,9 +1338,7 @@
 
 	case OCOPY,
 		OCOMPLEX:
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v, %v)", Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp), Nconv(n.Left, 0), Nconv(n.Right, 0))
-		return f
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v, %v)", Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp), Nconv(n.Left, 0), Nconv(n.Right, 0))
 
 	case OCONV,
 		OCONVIFACE,
@@ -1415,9 +1354,7 @@
 		if n.Left != nil {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v)", Tconv(n.Type, 0), Nconv(n.Left, 0))
 		}
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v)", Tconv(n.Type, 0), Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
-		return f
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v)", Tconv(n.Type, 0), Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
 
 	case OREAL,
 		OIMAG,
@@ -1438,9 +1375,7 @@
 		if n.Isddd {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v...)", Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp), Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
 		}
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v)", Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp), Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
-		return f
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v)", Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp), Hconv(n.List, obj.FmtComma))
 
 	case OCALL,
 		OCALLFUNC,
@@ -1467,9 +1402,7 @@
 		if n.Left != nil && (n.Op == OMAKESLICE || !isideal(n.Left.Type)) {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("make(%v, %v)", Tconv(n.Type, 0), Nconv(n.Left, 0))
 		}
-		var f string
-		f += fmt.Sprintf("make(%v)", Tconv(n.Type, 0))
-		return f
+		return fmt.Sprintf("make(%v)", Tconv(n.Type, 0))
 
 		// Unary
 	case OPLUS,
@@ -1483,7 +1416,7 @@
 		if n.Left.Op == n.Op {
 			f += fmt.Sprintf("%v ", Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp))
 		} else {
-			f += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp))
+			f += Oconv(int(n.Op), obj.FmtSharp)
 		}
 		f += exprfmt(n.Left, nprec+1)
 		return f
@@ -1568,115 +1501,115 @@
 
 var dumpdepth int
 
-func indent(s string) string {
-	return s + "\n" + strings.Repeat(".   ", dumpdepth)
+func indent(buf *bytes.Buffer) {
+	buf.WriteString("\n")
+	for i := 0; i < dumpdepth; i++ {
+		buf.WriteString(".   ")
+	}
 }
 
 func nodedump(n *Node, flag int) string {
 	if n == nil {
-		var fp string
-		return fp
+		return ""
 	}
 
 	recur := flag&obj.FmtShort == 0 /*untyped*/
 
-	var fp string
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	if recur {
-		fp = indent(fp)
+		indent(&buf)
 		if dumpdepth > 10 {
-			fp += "..."
-			return fp
+			buf.WriteString("...")
+			return buf.String()
 		}
 
 		if n.Ninit != nil {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-init%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Hconv(n.Ninit, 0))
-			fp = indent(fp)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-init%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Hconv(n.Ninit, 0))
+			indent(&buf)
 		}
 	}
 
-	//	fmtprint(fp, "[%p]", n);
-
 	switch n.Op {
 	default:
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Jconv(n, 0))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Jconv(n, 0))
 
 	case OREGISTER,
 		OINDREG:
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), obj.Rconv(int(n.Val.U.Reg)), Jconv(n, 0))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), obj.Rconv(int(n.Val.U.Reg)), Jconv(n, 0))
 
 	case OLITERAL:
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Vconv(&n.Val, 0), Jconv(n, 0))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Vconv(&n.Val, 0), Jconv(n, 0))
 
 	case ONAME,
 		ONONAME:
 		if n.Sym != nil {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Sconv(n.Sym, 0), Jconv(n, 0))
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Sconv(n.Sym, 0), Jconv(n, 0))
 		} else {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Jconv(n, 0))
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Jconv(n, 0))
 		}
 		if recur && n.Type == nil && n.Ntype != nil {
-			fp = indent(fp)
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-ntype%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Nconv(n.Ntype, 0))
+			indent(&buf)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-ntype%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Nconv(n.Ntype, 0))
 		}
 
 	case OASOP:
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Oconv(int(n.Etype), 0), Jconv(n, 0))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-%v%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Oconv(int(n.Etype), 0), Jconv(n, 0))
 
 	case OTYPE:
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v %v%v type=%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Sconv(n.Sym, 0), Jconv(n, 0), Tconv(n.Type, 0))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v %v%v type=%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Sconv(n.Sym, 0), Jconv(n, 0), Tconv(n.Type, 0))
 		if recur && n.Type == nil && n.Ntype != nil {
-			fp = indent(fp)
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-ntype%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Nconv(n.Ntype, 0))
+			indent(&buf)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-ntype%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Nconv(n.Ntype, 0))
 		}
 	}
 
 	if n.Sym != nil && n.Op != ONAME {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %v G%d", Sconv(n.Sym, 0), n.Vargen)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " %v G%d", Sconv(n.Sym, 0), n.Vargen)
 	}
 
 	if n.Type != nil {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf(" %v", Tconv(n.Type, 0))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " %v", Tconv(n.Type, 0))
 	}
 
 	if recur {
 		if n.Left != nil {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
+			buf.WriteString(Nconv(n.Left, 0))
 		}
 		if n.Right != nil {
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Nconv(n.Right, 0))
+			buf.WriteString(Nconv(n.Right, 0))
 		}
 		if n.List != nil {
-			fp = indent(fp)
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-list%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Hconv(n.List, 0))
+			indent(&buf)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-list%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Hconv(n.List, 0))
 		}
 
 		if n.Rlist != nil {
-			fp = indent(fp)
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-rlist%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Hconv(n.Rlist, 0))
+			indent(&buf)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-rlist%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Hconv(n.Rlist, 0))
 		}
 
 		if n.Ntest != nil {
-			fp = indent(fp)
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-test%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Nconv(n.Ntest, 0))
+			indent(&buf)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-test%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Nconv(n.Ntest, 0))
 		}
 
 		if n.Nbody != nil {
-			fp = indent(fp)
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-body%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Hconv(n.Nbody, 0))
+			indent(&buf)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-body%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Hconv(n.Nbody, 0))
 		}
 
 		if n.Nelse != nil {
-			fp = indent(fp)
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-else%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Hconv(n.Nelse, 0))
+			indent(&buf)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-else%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Hconv(n.Nelse, 0))
 		}
 
 		if n.Nincr != nil {
-			fp = indent(fp)
-			fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v-incr%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Nconv(n.Nincr, 0))
+			indent(&buf)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%v-incr%v", Oconv(int(n.Op), 0), Nconv(n.Nincr, 0))
 		}
 	}
 
-	return fp
+	return buf.String()
 }
 
 // Fmt "%S": syms
@@ -1792,17 +1725,17 @@
 		sep = ", "
 	}
 
-	var fp string
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	for ; l != nil; l = l.Next {
-		fp += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Nconv(l.N, 0))
+		buf.WriteString(Nconv(l.N, 0))
 		if l.Next != nil {
-			fp += sep
+			buf.WriteString(sep)
 		}
 	}
 
 	flag = sf
 	fmtmode = sm
-	return fp
+	return buf.String()
 }
 
 func dumplist(s string, l *NodeList) {
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/go.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/go.go
index 69dd4af..f227bb7 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/go.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/go.go
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@
 	Lastlineno int32  // last declaration for diagnostic
 	Origpkg    *Pkg   // original package for . import
 	Lsym       *obj.LSym
+	Fsym       *Sym // funcsym
 }
 
 type Type struct {
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/mparith1.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/mparith1.go
index d728d6a..08f5544 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/mparith1.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/mparith1.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 func mpcmpfixflt(a *Mpint, b *Mpflt) int {
 	var c Mpflt
 
-	buf := fmt.Sprintf("%v", Bconv(a, 0))
+	buf := Bconv(a, 0)
 	mpatoflt(&c, buf)
 	return mpcmpfltflt(&c, b)
 }
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 func mpcmpfltfix(a *Mpflt, b *Mpint) int {
 	var c Mpflt
 
-	buf := fmt.Sprintf("%v", Bconv(b, 0))
+	buf := Bconv(b, 0)
 	mpatoflt(&c, buf)
 	return mpcmpfltflt(a, &c)
 }
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/obj.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/obj.go
index 077b89b..787aaae 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/obj.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/obj.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import (
 	"cmd/internal/obj"
 	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
 )
 
 /*
@@ -155,16 +156,18 @@
 	if s.Lsym != nil {
 		return s.Lsym
 	}
+	var name string
 	if isblanksym(s) {
-		s.Lsym = obj.Linklookup(Ctxt, "_", 0)
+		name = "_"
 	} else if s.Linkname != "" {
-		s.Lsym = obj.Linklookup(Ctxt, s.Linkname, 0)
+		name = s.Linkname
 	} else {
-		p := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", s.Pkg.Prefix, s.Name)
-		s.Lsym = obj.Linklookup(Ctxt, p, 0)
+		name = s.Pkg.Prefix + "." + s.Name
 	}
 
-	return s.Lsym
+	ls := obj.Linklookup(Ctxt, name, 0)
+	s.Lsym = ls
+	return ls
 }
 
 func duintxx(s *Sym, off int, v uint64, wid int) int {
@@ -211,7 +214,7 @@
 		// small strings get named by their contents,
 		// so that multiple modules using the same string
 		// can share it.
-		symname = fmt.Sprintf("%q", s)
+		symname = strconv.Quote(s)
 		pkg = gostringpkg
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/reflect.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/reflect.go
index 7b7eb63..943b1f56 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/reflect.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/reflect.go
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@
 		dimportpath_gopkg.Name = "go"
 	}
 
-	nam := fmt.Sprintf("importpath.%s.", p.Prefix)
+	nam := "importpath." + p.Prefix + "."
 
 	n := Nod(ONAME, nil, nil)
 	n.Sym = Pkglookup(nam, dimportpath_gopkg)
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@
 		ot = duintptr(s, ot, 0)
 	}
 
-	p := fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft|obj.FmtUnsigned))
+	p := Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft|obj.FmtUnsigned)
 
 	//print("dcommontype: %s\n", p);
 	ot = dgostringptr(s, ot, p) // string
@@ -825,19 +825,11 @@
 }
 
 func typesym(t *Type) *Sym {
-	p := fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft))
-	s := Pkglookup(p, typepkg)
-
-	//print("typesym: %s -> %+S\n", p, s);
-
-	return s
+	return Pkglookup(Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft), typepkg)
 }
 
 func tracksym(t *Type) *Sym {
-	p := fmt.Sprintf("%v.%s", Tconv(t.Outer, obj.FmtLeft), t.Sym.Name)
-	s := Pkglookup(p, trackpkg)
-
-	return s
+	return Pkglookup(Tconv(t.Outer, obj.FmtLeft)+"."+t.Sym.Name, trackpkg)
 }
 
 func typelinksym(t *Type) *Sym {
@@ -849,7 +841,7 @@
 	// disambiguate. The names are a little long but they are
 	// discarded by the linker and do not end up in the symbol
 	// table of the final binary.
-	p := fmt.Sprintf("%v/%v", Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft|obj.FmtUnsigned), Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft))
+	p := Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft|obj.FmtUnsigned) + "/" + Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft)
 
 	s := Pkglookup(p, typelinkpkg)
 
@@ -859,7 +851,7 @@
 }
 
 func typesymprefix(prefix string, t *Type) *Sym {
-	p := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%v", prefix, Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft))
+	p := prefix + "." + Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft)
 	s := Pkglookup(p, typepkg)
 
 	//print("algsym: %s -> %+S\n", p, s);
@@ -900,7 +892,7 @@
 }
 
 func weaktypesym(t *Type) *Sym {
-	p := fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft))
+	p := Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft)
 	s := Pkglookup(p, weaktypepkg)
 
 	//print("weaktypesym: %s -> %+S\n", p, s);
@@ -962,9 +954,6 @@
 }
 
 func dtypesym(t *Type) *Sym {
-	var n int
-	var t1 *Type
-
 	// Replace byte, rune aliases with real type.
 	// They've been separate internally to make error messages
 	// better, but we have to merge them in the reflect tables.
@@ -1048,16 +1037,16 @@
 		ot = duintptr(s, ot, uint64(t.Chan))
 
 	case TFUNC:
-		for t1 = getthisx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+		for t1 := getthisx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
 			dtypesym(t1.Type)
 		}
 		isddd := false
-		for t1 = getinargx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+		for t1 := getinargx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
 			isddd = t1.Isddd
 			dtypesym(t1.Type)
 		}
 
-		for t1 = getoutargx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+		for t1 := getoutargx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
 			dtypesym(t1.Type)
 		}
 
@@ -1069,7 +1058,7 @@
 		ot = int(Rnd(int64(ot), int64(Widthptr)))
 
 		ot = dsymptr(s, ot, s, ot+2*(Widthptr+2*Widthint))
-		n = t.Thistuple + t.Intuple
+		n := t.Thistuple + t.Intuple
 		ot = duintxx(s, ot, uint64(n), Widthint)
 		ot = duintxx(s, ot, uint64(n), Widthint)
 		ot = dsymptr(s, ot, s, ot+1*(Widthptr+2*Widthint)+n*Widthptr)
@@ -1077,22 +1066,22 @@
 		ot = duintxx(s, ot, uint64(t.Outtuple), Widthint)
 
 		// slice data
-		for t1 = getthisx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+		for t1 := getthisx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
 			ot = dsymptr(s, ot, dtypesym(t1.Type), 0)
 			n++
 		}
-		for t1 = getinargx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+		for t1 := getinargx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
 			ot = dsymptr(s, ot, dtypesym(t1.Type), 0)
 			n++
 		}
-		for t1 = getoutargx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+		for t1 := getoutargx(t).Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
 			ot = dsymptr(s, ot, dtypesym(t1.Type), 0)
 			n++
 		}
 
 	case TINTER:
 		m := imethods(t)
-		n = 0
+		n := 0
 		for a := m; a != nil; a = a.link {
 			dtypesym(a.type_)
 			n++
@@ -1164,9 +1153,9 @@
 		// ../../runtime/type.go:/StructType
 	// for security, only the exported fields.
 	case TSTRUCT:
-		n = 0
+		n := 0
 
-		for t1 = t.Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+		for t1 := t.Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
 			dtypesym(t1.Type)
 			n++
 		}
@@ -1176,7 +1165,7 @@
 		ot = dsymptr(s, ot, s, ot+Widthptr+2*Widthint)
 		ot = duintxx(s, ot, uint64(n), Widthint)
 		ot = duintxx(s, ot, uint64(n), Widthint)
-		for t1 = t.Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
+		for t1 := t.Type; t1 != nil; t1 = t1.Down {
 			// ../../runtime/type.go:/structField
 			if t1.Sym != nil && t1.Embedded == 0 {
 				ot = dgostringptr(s, ot, t1.Sym.Name)
@@ -1479,11 +1468,9 @@
 
 // Emit insArray instruction.
 func proggenarray(g *ProgGen, len int64) {
-	var i int32
-
 	proggendataflush(g)
 	proggenemit(g, obj.InsArray)
-	for i = 0; i < int32(Widthptr); i, len = i+1, len>>8 {
+	for i := int32(0); i < int32(Widthptr); i, len = i+1, len>>8 {
 		proggenemit(g, uint8(len))
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/reg.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/reg.go
index 8d10d42..1dd0ba7 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/reg.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/reg.go
@@ -243,8 +243,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	var node *Node
-	node, _ = a.Node.(*Node)
+	node, _ := a.Node.(*Node)
 	if node == nil || node.Op != ONAME || node.Orig == nil {
 		return zbits
 	}
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/subr.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/subr.go
index 7786a68..6347d66 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/subr.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/subr.go
@@ -291,7 +291,9 @@
 
 var initSyms []*Sym
 
-var nopkg = new(Pkg)
+var nopkg = &Pkg{
+	Syms: make(map[string]*Sym),
+}
 
 func (pkg *Pkg) Lookup(name string) *Sym {
 	if pkg == nil {
@@ -306,12 +308,9 @@
 		Pkg:     pkg,
 		Lexical: LNAME,
 	}
-	if s.Name == "init" {
+	if name == "init" {
 		initSyms = append(initSyms, s)
 	}
-	if pkg.Syms == nil {
-		pkg.Syms = make(map[string]*Sym)
-	}
 	pkg.Syms[name] = s
 	return s
 }
@@ -1028,16 +1027,13 @@
 		t1 = t1.Type
 		t2 = t2.Type
 		for ; t1 != nil && t2 != nil; t1, t2 = t1.Down, t2.Down {
-			var ta *Type
-			var tb *Type
-
 			if t1.Etype != TSTRUCT || t2.Etype != TSTRUCT {
 				Fatal("func missing struct: %v %v", Tconv(t1, 0), Tconv(t2, 0))
 			}
 
 			// Loop over fields in structs, ignoring argument names.
-			ta = t1.Type
-			tb = t2.Type
+			ta := t1.Type
+			tb := t2.Type
 			for ; ta != nil && tb != nil; ta, tb = ta.Down, tb.Down {
 				if ta.Etype != TFIELD || tb.Etype != TFIELD {
 					Fatal("func struct missing field: %v %v", Tconv(ta, 0), Tconv(tb, 0))
@@ -1320,8 +1316,12 @@
 	return 0
 }
 
-// Convert node n for assignment to type t.
 func assignconv(n *Node, t *Type, context string) *Node {
+	return assignconvfn(n, t, func() string { return context })
+}
+
+// Convert node n for assignment to type t.
+func assignconvfn(n *Node, t *Type, context func() string) *Node {
 	if n == nil || n.Type == nil || n.Type.Broke != 0 {
 		return n
 	}
@@ -1357,7 +1357,7 @@
 	var why string
 	op := assignop(n.Type, t, &why)
 	if op == 0 {
-		Yyerror("cannot use %v as type %v in %s%s", Nconv(n, obj.FmtLong), Tconv(t, 0), context, why)
+		Yyerror("cannot use %v as type %v in %s%s", Nconv(n, obj.FmtLong), Tconv(t, 0), context(), why)
 		op = OCONV
 	}
 
@@ -1570,10 +1570,10 @@
 		// hide method receiver from Tpretty
 		t.Thistuple = 0
 
-		p = fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft|obj.FmtUnsigned))
+		p = Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft|obj.FmtUnsigned)
 		t.Thistuple = 1
 	} else {
-		p = fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft|obj.FmtUnsigned))
+		p = Tconv(t, obj.FmtLeft|obj.FmtUnsigned)
 	}
 
 	//print("typehash: %s\n", p);
@@ -3457,6 +3457,7 @@
 	p := new(Pkg)
 	p.Path = path
 	p.Prefix = pathtoprefix(path)
+	p.Syms = make(map[string]*Sym)
 	pkgMap[path] = p
 	pkgs = append(pkgs, p)
 	return p
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/typecheck.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/typecheck.go
index df164e6..f76f66e 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/typecheck.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/typecheck.go
@@ -1362,9 +1362,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 
-		descbuf := fmt.Sprintf("argument to %v", Nconv(n.Left, 0))
-		desc := descbuf
-		typecheckaste(OCALL, n.Left, n.Isddd, getinargx(t), n.List, desc)
+		typecheckaste(OCALL, n.Left, n.Isddd, getinargx(t), n.List, func() string { return fmt.Sprintf("argument to %v", Nconv(n.Left, 0)) })
 		ok |= Etop
 		if t.Outtuple == 0 {
 			break OpSwitch
@@ -2127,7 +2125,7 @@
 		if Curfn.Type.Outnamed != 0 && n.List == nil {
 			break OpSwitch
 		}
-		typecheckaste(ORETURN, nil, false, getoutargx(Curfn.Type), n.List, "return argument")
+		typecheckaste(ORETURN, nil, false, getoutargx(Curfn.Type), n.List, func() string { return "return argument" })
 		break OpSwitch
 
 	case ORETJMP:
@@ -2604,7 +2602,7 @@
 /*
  * typecheck assignment: type list = expression list
  */
-func typecheckaste(op int, call *Node, isddd bool, tstruct *Type, nl *NodeList, desc string) {
+func typecheckaste(op int, call *Node, isddd bool, tstruct *Type, nl *NodeList, desc func() string) {
 	var t *Type
 	var n *Node
 	var n1 int
@@ -2641,7 +2639,7 @@
 								if call != nil {
 									Yyerror("cannot use %v as type %v in argument to %v%s", Tconv(tn.Type, 0), Tconv(tl.Type.Type, 0), Nconv(call, 0), why)
 								} else {
-									Yyerror("cannot use %v as type %v in %s%s", Tconv(tn.Type, 0), Tconv(tl.Type.Type, 0), desc, why)
+									Yyerror("cannot use %v as type %v in %s%s", Tconv(tn.Type, 0), Tconv(tl.Type.Type, 0), desc(), why)
 								}
 							}
 						}
@@ -2656,7 +2654,7 @@
 						if call != nil {
 							Yyerror("cannot use %v as type %v in argument to %v%s", Tconv(tn.Type, 0), Tconv(tl.Type, 0), Nconv(call, 0), why)
 						} else {
-							Yyerror("cannot use %v as type %v in %s%s", Tconv(tn.Type, 0), Tconv(tl.Type, 0), desc, why)
+							Yyerror("cannot use %v as type %v in %s%s", Tconv(tn.Type, 0), Tconv(tl.Type, 0), desc(), why)
 						}
 					}
 
@@ -2708,7 +2706,7 @@
 				n = nl.N
 				setlineno(n)
 				if n.Type != nil {
-					nl.N = assignconv(n, t, desc)
+					nl.N = assignconvfn(n, t, desc)
 				}
 				goto out
 			}
@@ -2717,7 +2715,7 @@
 				n = nl.N
 				setlineno(nl.N)
 				if n.Type != nil {
-					nl.N = assignconv(n, t.Type, desc)
+					nl.N = assignconvfn(n, t.Type, desc)
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -2730,7 +2728,7 @@
 		n = nl.N
 		setlineno(n)
 		if n.Type != nil {
-			nl.N = assignconv(n, t, desc)
+			nl.N = assignconvfn(n, t, desc)
 		}
 		nl = nl.Next
 	}
@@ -3395,10 +3393,7 @@
 }
 
 func typecheckas2(n *Node) {
-	var ll *NodeList
-	var lr *NodeList
-
-	for ll = n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+	for ll := n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 		// delicate little dance.
 		ll.N = resolve(ll.N)
 
@@ -3420,8 +3415,8 @@
 	var r *Node
 	if cl == cr {
 		// easy
-		ll = n.List
-		lr = n.Rlist
+		ll := n.List
+		lr := n.Rlist
 		for ; ll != nil; ll, lr = ll.Next, lr.Next {
 			if ll.N.Type != nil && lr.N.Type != nil {
 				lr.N = assignconv(lr.N, ll.N.Type, "assignment")
@@ -3457,7 +3452,7 @@
 			n.Op = OAS2FUNC
 			var s Iter
 			t := Structfirst(&s, &r.Type)
-			for ll = n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+			for ll := n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 				if t.Type != nil && ll.N.Type != nil {
 					checkassignto(t.Type, ll.N)
 				}
@@ -3516,7 +3511,7 @@
 out:
 	n.Typecheck = 1
 
-	for ll = n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+	for ll := n.List; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 		if ll.N.Typecheck == 0 {
 			typecheck(&ll.N, Erv|Easgn)
 		}
diff --git a/src/cmd/internal/gc/walk.go b/src/cmd/internal/gc/walk.go
index d1298eb..00ebcab 100644
--- a/src/cmd/internal/gc/walk.go
+++ b/src/cmd/internal/gc/walk.go
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@
 			ll = list(ll, typename(n.Type))
 		}
 		if !Isinter(n.Left.Type) && !isnilinter(n.Type) {
-			sym := Pkglookup(fmt.Sprintf("%v.%v", Tconv(n.Left.Type, obj.FmtLeft), Tconv(n.Type, obj.FmtLeft)), itabpkg)
+			sym := Pkglookup(Tconv(n.Left.Type, obj.FmtLeft)+"."+Tconv(n.Type, obj.FmtLeft), itabpkg)
 			if sym.Def == nil {
 				l := Nod(ONAME, nil, nil)
 				l.Sym = sym
@@ -1631,9 +1631,6 @@
 }
 
 func ascompatee(op int, nl *NodeList, nr *NodeList, init **NodeList) *NodeList {
-	var ll *NodeList
-	var lr *NodeList
-
 	/*
 	 * check assign expression list to
 	 * a expression list. called in
@@ -1641,16 +1638,16 @@
 	 */
 
 	// ensure order of evaluation for function calls
-	for ll = nl; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
+	for ll := nl; ll != nil; ll = ll.Next {
 		ll.N = safeexpr(ll.N, init)
 	}
-	for lr = nr; lr != nil; lr = lr.Next {
+	for lr := nr; lr != nil; lr = lr.Next {
 		lr.N = safeexpr(lr.N, init)
 	}
 
 	var nn *NodeList
-	ll = nl
-	lr = nr
+	ll := nl
+	lr := nr
 	for ; ll != nil && lr != nil; ll, lr = ll.Next, lr.Next {
 		// Do not generate 'x = x' during return. See issue 4014.
 		if op == ORETURN && ll.N == lr.N {
@@ -1798,7 +1795,7 @@
 		} else {
 			fmt_ += ", "
 		}
-		fmt_ += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(l, 0))
+		fmt_ += Tconv(l, 0)
 	}
 
 	if first != 0 {
@@ -1820,7 +1817,7 @@
 		} else {
 			fmt_ += ", "
 		}
-		fmt_ += fmt.Sprintf("%v", Tconv(r.Type, 0))
+		fmt_ += Tconv(r.Type, 0)
 	}
 
 	if first != 0 {