net: support IPv6 scoped addressing zone

This CL provides IPv6 scoped addressing zone support as defined
in RFC 4007 for internet protocol family connection setups.

Follwoing types and functions allow a literal IPv6 address with
zone identifer as theirs parameter.

pkg net, func Dial(string, string) (Conn, error)
pkg net, func DialOpt(string, ...DialOption) (Conn, error)
pkg net, func DialTimeout(string, string, time.Duration) (Conn, error)
pkg net, func Listen(string, string) (Listener, error)
pkg net, func ListenPacket(string, string) (PacketConn, error)
pkg net, func ResolveIPAddr(string, string) (*IPAddr, error)
pkg net, func ResolveTCPAddr(string, string) (*TCPAddr, error)
pkg net, func ResolveUDPAddr(string, string) (*UDPAddr, error)
pkg net, type IPAddr struct, Zone string
pkg net, type TCPAddr struct, Zone string
pkg net, type UDPAddr struct, Zone string

Also follwoing methods return a literal IPv6 address with zone
identifier string if possible.

pkg net, method (*IPAddr) String() string
pkg net, method (*TCPAddr) String() string
pkg net, method (*UDPAddr) String() string

Fixes #4234.
Fixes #4501.
Update #5081.

R=rsc, iant
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6816116
diff --git a/src/pkg/net/tcp_test.go b/src/pkg/net/tcp_test.go
index 6c4485a..add8e48 100644
--- a/src/pkg/net/tcp_test.go
+++ b/src/pkg/net/tcp_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package net
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"testing"
@@ -158,6 +159,11 @@
 	{"tcp", "[::1]:1", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::1"), Port: 1}, nil},
 	{"tcp6", "[::1]:65534", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::1"), Port: 65534}, nil},
 
+	{"tcp", "[::1%en0]:1", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::1"), Port: 1, Zone: "en0"}, nil},
+	{"tcp6", "[::1%911]:2", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::1"), Port: 2, Zone: "911"}, nil},
+	{"tcp6", "[fe80::1]:3", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("fe80::1"), Port: 3, Zone: "name"}, nil},
+	{"tcp6", "[fe80::1]:4", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("fe80::1"), Port: 4, Zone: "index"}, nil},
+
 	{"", "127.0.0.1:0", &TCPAddr{IP: IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0}, nil}, // Go 1.0 behavior
 	{"", "[::1]:0", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::1"), Port: 0}, nil},         // Go 1.0 behavior
 
@@ -166,6 +172,24 @@
 
 func TestResolveTCPAddr(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range resolveTCPAddrTests {
+		if tt.addr != nil && (tt.addr.Zone == "name" || tt.addr.Zone == "index") {
+			ifi := loopbackInterface()
+			if ifi == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			i := last(tt.litAddr, ']')
+			if i > 0 {
+				switch tt.addr.Zone {
+				case "name":
+					tt.litAddr = tt.litAddr[:i] + "%" + ifi.Name + tt.litAddr[i:]
+					tt.addr.Zone = zoneToString(ifi.Index)
+				case "index":
+					index := fmt.Sprintf("%v", ifi.Index)
+					tt.litAddr = tt.litAddr[:i] + "%" + index + tt.litAddr[i:]
+					tt.addr.Zone = index
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		addr, err := ResolveTCPAddr(tt.net, tt.litAddr)
 		if err != tt.err {
 			t.Fatalf("ResolveTCPAddr(%v, %v) failed: %v", tt.net, tt.litAddr, err)
@@ -204,3 +228,79 @@
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestIPv6LinkLocalUnicastTCP(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() || !*testExternal {
+		t.Skip("skipping test to avoid external network")
+	}
+	if !supportsIPv6 {
+		t.Skip("ipv6 is not supported")
+	}
+	ifi := loopbackInterface()
+	if ifi == nil {
+		t.Skip("loopback interface not found")
+	}
+	laddr := ipv6LinkLocalUnicastAddr(ifi)
+	if laddr == "" {
+		t.Skip("ipv6 unicast address on loopback not found")
+	}
+
+	type test struct {
+		net, addr  string
+		nameLookup bool
+	}
+	var tests = []test{
+		{"tcp", "[" + laddr + "%" + ifi.Name + "]:0", false},
+		{"tcp6", "[" + laddr + "%" + ifi.Name + "]:0", false},
+	}
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin", "freebsd", "opensbd", "netbsd":
+		tests = append(tests, []test{
+			{"tcp", "[localhost%" + ifi.Name + "]:0", true},
+			{"tcp6", "[localhost%" + ifi.Name + "]:0", true},
+		}...)
+	case "linux":
+		tests = append(tests, []test{
+			{"tcp", "[ip6-localhost%" + ifi.Name + "]:0", true},
+			{"tcp6", "[ip6-localhost%" + ifi.Name + "]:0", true},
+		}...)
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		ln, err := Listen(tt.net, tt.addr)
+		if err != nil {
+			// It might return "LookupHost returned no
+			// suitable address" error on some platforms.
+			t.Logf("Listen failed: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		defer ln.Close()
+		if la, ok := ln.Addr().(*TCPAddr); !ok || !tt.nameLookup && la.Zone == "" {
+			t.Fatalf("got %v; expected a proper address with zone identifier", la)
+		}
+
+		done := make(chan int)
+		go transponder(t, ln, done)
+
+		c, err := Dial(tt.net, ln.Addr().String())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Dial failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		defer c.Close()
+		if la, ok := c.LocalAddr().(*TCPAddr); !ok || !tt.nameLookup && la.Zone == "" {
+			t.Fatalf("got %v; expected a proper address with zone identifier", la)
+		}
+		if ra, ok := c.RemoteAddr().(*TCPAddr); !ok || !tt.nameLookup && ra.Zone == "" {
+			t.Fatalf("got %v; expected a proper address with zone identifier", ra)
+		}
+
+		if _, err := c.Write([]byte("TCP OVER IPV6 LINKLOCAL TEST")); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Conn.Write failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		b := make([]byte, 32)
+		if _, err := c.Read(b); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Conn.Read failed: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		<-done
+	}
+}