diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/instantiate.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/instantiate.go
index d6cefb4..8228ef2 100644
--- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/instantiate.go
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/instantiate.go
@@ -135,8 +135,16 @@
 // TODO(gri) This should be a method of interfaces or type sets.
 func (check *Checker) satisfies(pos syntax.Pos, targ Type, tpar *TypeParam, smap substMap) error {
 	iface := tpar.iface()
+
+	// Every type argument satisfies interface{}.
 	if iface.Empty() {
-		return nil // no type bound
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// A type argument that is a type parameter with an empty type set satisfies any constraint.
+	// (The empty set is a subset of any set.)
+	if targ := asTypeParam(targ); targ != nil && targ.iface().typeSet().IsEmpty() {
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	// TODO(rfindley): it would be great if users could pass in a qualifier here,
@@ -150,6 +158,11 @@
 		return errors.New(sprintf(qf, format, args...))
 	}
 
+	// No type argument with non-empty type set satisfies the empty type set.
+	if iface.typeSet().IsEmpty() {
+		return errorf("%s does not satisfy %s (constraint type set is empty)", targ, tpar.bound)
+	}
+
 	// The type parameter bound is parameterized with the same type parameters
 	// as the instantiated type; before we can use it for bounds checking we
 	// need to instantiate it with the type arguments with which we instantiate
@@ -190,28 +203,27 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	// targ's underlying type must also be one of the interface types listed, if any
+	// targ must also be in the set of types of iface, if any.
+	// Constraints with empty type sets were already excluded above.
 	if !iface.typeSet().hasTerms() {
 		return nil // nothing to do
 	}
 
-	// If targ is itself a type parameter, each of its possible types, but at least one, must be in the
-	// list of iface types (i.e., the targ type list must be a non-empty subset of the iface types).
+	// If targ is itself a type parameter, each of its possible types must be in the set
+	// of iface types (i.e., the targ type set must be a subset of the iface type set).
+	// Type arguments with empty type sets were already excluded above.
 	if targ := asTypeParam(targ); targ != nil {
 		targBound := targ.iface()
-		if !targBound.typeSet().hasTerms() {
-			return errorf("%s does not satisfy %s (%s has no type constraints)", targ, tpar.bound, targ)
-		}
 		if !targBound.typeSet().subsetOf(iface.typeSet()) {
-			// TODO(gri) need better error message
+			// TODO(gri) report which type is missing
 			return errorf("%s does not satisfy %s", targ, tpar.bound)
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Otherwise, targ's type or underlying type must also be one of the interface types listed, if any.
+	// Otherwise, targ's type must be included in the iface type set.
 	if !iface.typeSet().includes(targ) {
-		// TODO(gri) better error message
+		// TODO(gri) report which type is missing
 		return errorf("%s does not satisfy %s", targ, tpar.bound)
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/check/typeinst2.go2 b/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/check/typeinst2.go2
index ecf4b0f..783ff34 100644
--- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/check/typeinst2.go2
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/check/typeinst2.go2
@@ -226,10 +226,10 @@
 }
 
 func f012[T I012]() {}
-var _ = f012[int /* ERROR does not satisfy I012 */ ]
-var _ = f012[bool /* ERROR does not satisfy I012 */ ]
-var _ = f012[string /* ERROR does not satisfy I012 */ ]
-var _ = f012[float64 /* ERROR does not satisfy I012 */ ]
+var _ = f012[int /* ERROR does not satisfy I012.*type set is empty */ ]
+var _ = f012[bool /* ERROR does not satisfy I012.*type set is empty */ ]
+var _ = f012[string /* ERROR does not satisfy I012.*type set is empty */ ]
+var _ = f012[float64 /* ERROR does not satisfy I012.*type set is empty */ ]
 
 type I12 interface {
 	E1
@@ -256,3 +256,23 @@
 // Using a function instance as a type is an error.
 var _ f0 // ERROR not a type
 var _ f0 /* ERROR not a type */ [int]
+
+// Empty type sets can only be satisfied by empty type sets.
+type none interface {
+	// force an empty type set
+        int
+        string
+}
+
+func ff[T none]() {}
+func gg[T any]() {}
+func hh[T ~int]() {}
+
+func _[T none]() {
+        _ = ff[int /* ERROR int does not satisfy none \(constraint type set is empty\) */ ]
+        _ = ff[T]  // pathological but ok because T's type set is empty, too
+        _ = gg[int]
+        _ = gg[T]
+	_ = hh[int]
+	_ = hh[T]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/fixedbugs/issue47411.go2 b/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/fixedbugs/issue47411.go2
index 77281a1..ccf4bcf 100644
--- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/fixedbugs/issue47411.go2
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/fixedbugs/issue47411.go2
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
         _ = f[R /* ERROR R has no constraints */ ]
 
         _ = g[int]
-        _ = g[P /* ERROR P has no type constraints */ ]
+        _ = g[P /* ERROR P does not satisfy interface{interface{comparable; ~int\|~string} */ ]
         _ = g[Q]
         _ = g[func( /* ERROR does not satisfy comparable */ )]
         _ = g[R /* ERROR R has no constraints */ ]
diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/typeset.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/typeset.go
index 8eb43a2..f9e3af7 100644
--- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/typeset.go
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/typeset.go
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Implementation
 
-func (s *_TypeSet) hasTerms() bool              { return !s.terms.isAll() }
+func (s *_TypeSet) hasTerms() bool              { return !s.terms.isEmpty() && !s.terms.isAll() }
 func (s *_TypeSet) structuralType() Type        { return s.terms.structuralType() }
 func (s *_TypeSet) includes(t Type) bool        { return s.terms.includes(t) }
 func (s1 *_TypeSet) subsetOf(s2 *_TypeSet) bool { return s1.terms.subsetOf(s2.terms) }