cmd/compile: eliminate fmtmode and fmtpkgpfx globals

The fmtmode and fmtpkgpfx globals stand in the
way of making the compiler more concurrent (#15756).
This CL removes them.

The natural way to eliminate a global is to explicitly
thread it as a parameter through all function calls.
However, most of the functions in gc/fmt.go
get called indirectly, by way of fmt format strings,
so there's nowhere natural to add a parameter.

Since there are only a few fmtmode modes,
use named types to distinguish between modes.
For example, fmtNodeErr, fmtNodeDbg, and fmtNodeTypeId
are all gc.Node, but they print in different modes.
Varying the type allows us to thread mode through fmt.
Handle fmtpkgpfx by converting it to a printing mode,
FTypeIdName, and using the same type-based approach.

To avoid a loss of readability and danger of bugs
from introducing conversions at all call sites,
instead add a helper that systematically modifies the args.

The only remaining gc/fmt.go global is dumpdepth.
Since that is used for debugging only,
it that can be handled with a global mutex,
or some similarly basic, if inefficient, protection.

Passes toolstash -cmp. No compiler performance impact.

For future reference, other options for threading state
that were considered and rejected:

* Wrapping values in structs, such as:

  type fmtNode struct {
  	n *Node
  	mode fmtMode
  }

  This reduces the proliferation of types, and supports
  easily adding extra local parameters.
  However, putting such a struct into an interface{} allocates.
  This is unacceptable in this particular area of code.

* Passing state via precision, such as:

  fmt.Fprintf("%*v", mode, n)

  where mode is the state encoded as an integer.
  This avoids extra allocations, but it is out of keeping
  with the intended semantics of precision, and is less readable.

* Modify the fmt package to support setting/getting context
  via fmt.State. Unavailable due to Go 1 compatibility,
  and probably the wrong solution anyway.

* Give up on package fmt. This would be a huge readability
  regression and cause high code churn.

* Attempt a de-novo rewrite that circumvents these problems.
  Too high a risk of bugs, with insufficient reward for the effort,
  particularly since long term plans call for elimination
  of gc.Node.


Change-Id: Iea2440d5a34a938e64273707de27e3a897cb41d1
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38147
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/fmt_test.go b/src/cmd/compile/fmt_test.go
index ab223aa..15ce068 100644
--- a/src/cmd/compile/fmt_test.go
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/fmt_test.go
@@ -630,6 +630,7 @@
 	"cmd/compile/internal/gc.Val %#v":                 "",
 	"cmd/compile/internal/gc.Val %T":                  "",
 	"cmd/compile/internal/gc.Val %v":                  "",
+	"cmd/compile/internal/gc.fmtMode %d":              "",
 	"cmd/compile/internal/gc.initKind %d":             "",
 	"cmd/compile/internal/ssa.BranchPrediction %d":    "",
 	"cmd/compile/internal/ssa.Edge %v":                "",
diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/fmt.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/fmt.go
index 68fa217..d09c980 100644
--- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/fmt.go
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/fmt.go
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 // TODO(gri) verify these; eliminate those not used anymore
 //
 //	%v Op		Node opcodes
-//		Flags:  #: print Go syntax (automatic unless fmtmode == FDbg)
+//		Flags:  #: print Go syntax (automatic unless mode == FDbg)
 //
 //	%j *Node	Node details
 //		Flags:  0: suppresses things not relevant until walk
@@ -94,12 +94,9 @@
 	FErr = iota
 	FDbg
 	FTypeId
+	FTypeIdName // same as FTypeId, but use package name instead of prefix
 )
 
-var fmtmode int = FErr
-
-var fmtpkgpfx int // "% v" stickyness for *Type objects
-
 // The mode flags '+', '-', and '#' are sticky; they persist through
 // recursions of *Node, *Type, and *Sym values. The ' ' flag is
 // sticky only on *Type recursions and only used in %-/*Sym mode.
@@ -126,18 +123,21 @@
 //   %-S    type identifiers without "func" and arg names in type signatures (methodsym)
 //   %- v   type identifiers with package name instead of prefix (typesym, dcommontype, typehash)
 
-func setfmode(flags *FmtFlag) (fm int) {
-	fm = fmtmode
-	if *flags&FmtSign != 0 {
-		fmtmode = FDbg
-	} else if *flags&FmtSharp != 0 {
+// update returns the results of applying f to mode.
+func (f FmtFlag) update(mode fmtMode) (FmtFlag, fmtMode) {
+	switch {
+	case f&FmtSign != 0:
+		mode = FDbg
+	case f&FmtSharp != 0:
 		// ignore (textual export format no longer supported)
-	} else if *flags&FmtLeft != 0 {
-		fmtmode = FTypeId
+	case f&FmtUnsigned != 0:
+		mode = FTypeIdName
+	case f&FmtLeft != 0:
+		mode = FTypeId
 	}
 
-	*flags &^= (FmtSharp | FmtLeft | FmtSign)
-	return
+	f &^= FmtSharp | FmtLeft | FmtSign
+	return f, mode
 }
 
 var goopnames = []string{
@@ -214,18 +214,18 @@
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%#v", o)
 }
 
-func (o Op) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune) {
+func (o Op) format(s fmt.State, verb rune, mode fmtMode) {
 	switch verb {
 	case 'v':
-		o.oconv(s, fmtFlag(s, verb))
+		o.oconv(s, fmtFlag(s, verb), mode)
 
 	default:
 		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%%!%c(Op=%d)", verb, int(o))
 	}
 }
 
-func (o Op) oconv(s fmt.State, flag FmtFlag) {
-	if (flag&FmtSharp != 0) || fmtmode != FDbg {
+func (o Op) oconv(s fmt.State, flag FmtFlag, mode fmtMode) {
+	if flag&FmtSharp != 0 || mode != FDbg {
 		if o >= 0 && int(o) < len(goopnames) && goopnames[o] != "" {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, goopnames[o])
 			return
@@ -250,10 +250,167 @@
 	"PFUNC",
 }
 
-func (n *Node) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune) {
+type (
+	fmtMode int
+
+	fmtNodeErr        Node
+	fmtNodeDbg        Node
+	fmtNodeTypeId     Node
+	fmtNodeTypeIdName Node
+
+	fmtOpErr        Op
+	fmtOpDbg        Op
+	fmtOpTypeId     Op
+	fmtOpTypeIdName Op
+
+	fmtTypeErr        Type
+	fmtTypeDbg        Type
+	fmtTypeTypeId     Type
+	fmtTypeTypeIdName Type
+
+	fmtSymErr        Sym
+	fmtSymDbg        Sym
+	fmtSymTypeId     Sym
+	fmtSymTypeIdName Sym
+
+	fmtNodesErr        Nodes
+	fmtNodesDbg        Nodes
+	fmtNodesTypeId     Nodes
+	fmtNodesTypeIdName Nodes
+)
+
+func (n *fmtNodeErr) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)        { (*Node)(n).format(s, verb, FErr) }
+func (n *fmtNodeDbg) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)        { (*Node)(n).format(s, verb, FDbg) }
+func (n *fmtNodeTypeId) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)     { (*Node)(n).format(s, verb, FTypeId) }
+func (n *fmtNodeTypeIdName) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune) { (*Node)(n).format(s, verb, FTypeIdName) }
+func (n *Node) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)              { n.format(s, verb, FErr) }
+
+func (o fmtOpErr) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)        { Op(o).format(s, verb, FErr) }
+func (o fmtOpDbg) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)        { Op(o).format(s, verb, FDbg) }
+func (o fmtOpTypeId) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)     { Op(o).format(s, verb, FTypeId) }
+func (o fmtOpTypeIdName) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune) { Op(o).format(s, verb, FTypeIdName) }
+func (o Op) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)              { o.format(s, verb, FErr) }
+
+func (t *fmtTypeErr) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)        { (*Type)(t).format(s, verb, FErr) }
+func (t *fmtTypeDbg) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)        { (*Type)(t).format(s, verb, FDbg) }
+func (t *fmtTypeTypeId) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)     { (*Type)(t).format(s, verb, FTypeId) }
+func (t *fmtTypeTypeIdName) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune) { (*Type)(t).format(s, verb, FTypeIdName) }
+func (t *Type) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)              { t.format(s, verb, FErr) }
+
+func (y *fmtSymErr) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)        { (*Sym)(y).format(s, verb, FErr) }
+func (y *fmtSymDbg) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)        { (*Sym)(y).format(s, verb, FDbg) }
+func (y *fmtSymTypeId) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)     { (*Sym)(y).format(s, verb, FTypeId) }
+func (y *fmtSymTypeIdName) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune) { (*Sym)(y).format(s, verb, FTypeIdName) }
+func (y *Sym) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)              { y.format(s, verb, FErr) }
+
+func (n fmtNodesErr) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)        { (Nodes)(n).format(s, verb, FErr) }
+func (n fmtNodesDbg) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)        { (Nodes)(n).format(s, verb, FDbg) }
+func (n fmtNodesTypeId) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)     { (Nodes)(n).format(s, verb, FTypeId) }
+func (n fmtNodesTypeIdName) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune) { (Nodes)(n).format(s, verb, FTypeIdName) }
+func (n Nodes) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)              { n.format(s, verb, FErr) }
+
+func (m fmtMode) Fprintf(s fmt.State, format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	m.prepareArgs(args)
+	fmt.Fprintf(s, format, args...)
+}
+
+func (m fmtMode) Sprintf(format string, args ...interface{}) string {
+	m.prepareArgs(args)
+	return fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)
+}
+
+func (m fmtMode) Sprint(args ...interface{}) string {
+	m.prepareArgs(args)
+	return fmt.Sprint(args...)
+}
+
+func (m fmtMode) prepareArgs(args []interface{}) {
+	switch m {
+	case FErr:
+		for i, arg := range args {
+			switch arg := arg.(type) {
+			case Op:
+				args[i] = fmtOpErr(arg)
+			case *Node:
+				args[i] = (*fmtNodeErr)(arg)
+			case *Type:
+				args[i] = (*fmtTypeErr)(arg)
+			case *Sym:
+				args[i] = (*fmtSymErr)(arg)
+			case Nodes:
+				args[i] = fmtNodesErr(arg)
+			case Val, int32, int64, string:
+				// OK: printing these types doesn't depend on mode
+			default:
+				Fatalf("mode.prepareArgs type %T", arg)
+			}
+		}
+	case FDbg:
+		for i, arg := range args {
+			switch arg := arg.(type) {
+			case Op:
+				args[i] = fmtOpDbg(arg)
+			case *Node:
+				args[i] = (*fmtNodeDbg)(arg)
+			case *Type:
+				args[i] = (*fmtTypeDbg)(arg)
+			case *Sym:
+				args[i] = (*fmtSymDbg)(arg)
+			case Nodes:
+				args[i] = fmtNodesDbg(arg)
+			case Val, int32, int64, string:
+				// OK: printing these types doesn't depend on mode
+			default:
+				Fatalf("mode.prepareArgs type %T", arg)
+			}
+		}
+	case FTypeId:
+		for i, arg := range args {
+			switch arg := arg.(type) {
+			case Op:
+				args[i] = fmtOpTypeId(arg)
+			case *Node:
+				args[i] = (*fmtNodeTypeId)(arg)
+			case *Type:
+				args[i] = (*fmtTypeTypeId)(arg)
+			case *Sym:
+				args[i] = (*fmtSymTypeId)(arg)
+			case Nodes:
+				args[i] = fmtNodesTypeId(arg)
+			case Val, int32, int64, string:
+				// OK: printing these types doesn't depend on mode
+			default:
+				Fatalf("mode.prepareArgs type %T", arg)
+			}
+		}
+	case FTypeIdName:
+		for i, arg := range args {
+			switch arg := arg.(type) {
+			case Op:
+				args[i] = fmtOpTypeIdName(arg)
+			case *Node:
+				args[i] = (*fmtNodeTypeIdName)(arg)
+			case *Type:
+				args[i] = (*fmtTypeTypeIdName)(arg)
+			case *Sym:
+				args[i] = (*fmtSymTypeIdName)(arg)
+			case Nodes:
+				args[i] = fmtNodesTypeIdName(arg)
+			case Val, int32, int64, string:
+				// OK: printing these types doesn't depend on mode
+			default:
+				Fatalf("mode.prepareArgs type %T", arg)
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		Fatalf("mode.prepareArgs mode %d", m)
+	}
+}
+
+func (n *Node) format(s fmt.State, verb rune, mode fmtMode) {
 	switch verb {
 	case 'v', 'S', 'L':
-		n.nconv(s, fmtFlag(s, verb))
+		n.nconv(s, fmtFlag(s, verb), mode)
 
 	case 'j':
 		n.jconv(s, fmtFlag(s, verb))
@@ -496,9 +653,9 @@
 	return fmt.Sprintf("E-%d", et)
 }
 
-func (s *Sym) symfmt(flag FmtFlag) string {
+func (s *Sym) symfmt(flag FmtFlag, mode fmtMode) string {
 	if s.Pkg != nil && flag&FmtShort == 0 {
-		switch fmtmode {
+		switch mode {
 		case FErr: // This is for the user
 			if s.Pkg == builtinpkg || s.Pkg == localpkg {
 				return s.Name
@@ -513,10 +670,10 @@
 		case FDbg:
 			return s.Pkg.Name + "." + s.Name
 
+		case FTypeIdName:
+			return s.Pkg.Name + "." + s.Name // dcommontype, typehash
+
 		case FTypeId:
-			if flag&FmtUnsigned != 0 {
-				return s.Pkg.Name + "." + s.Name // dcommontype, typehash
-			}
 			return s.Pkg.Prefix + "." + s.Name // (methodsym), typesym, weaksym
 		}
 	}
@@ -529,7 +686,7 @@
 			name = name[i+1:]
 		}
 
-		if fmtmode == FDbg {
+		if mode == FDbg {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("@%q.%s", s.Pkg.Path, name)
 		}
 
@@ -563,17 +720,19 @@
 	TBLANK:      "blank",
 }
 
-func (t *Type) typefmt(flag FmtFlag) string {
+func (t *Type) typefmt(flag FmtFlag, mode fmtMode) string {
 	if t == nil {
 		return "<T>"
 	}
 
 	if t == bytetype || t == runetype {
 		// in %-T mode collapse rune and byte with their originals.
-		if fmtmode != FTypeId {
-			return t.Sym.sconv(FmtShort)
+		switch mode {
+		case FTypeIdName, FTypeId:
+			t = Types[t.Etype]
+		default:
+			return t.Sym.sconv(FmtShort, mode)
 		}
-		t = Types[t.Etype]
 	}
 
 	if t == errortype {
@@ -582,74 +741,74 @@
 
 	// Unless the 'l' flag was specified, if the type has a name, just print that name.
 	if flag&FmtLong == 0 && t.Sym != nil && t != Types[t.Etype] {
-		switch fmtmode {
-		case FTypeId:
+		switch mode {
+		case FTypeId, FTypeIdName:
 			if flag&FmtShort != 0 {
 				if t.Vargen != 0 {
-					return fmt.Sprintf("%v·%d", t.Sym.sconv(FmtShort), t.Vargen)
+					return mode.Sprintf("%v·%d", t.Sym.sconv(FmtShort, mode), t.Vargen)
 				}
-				return t.Sym.sconv(FmtShort)
+				return t.Sym.sconv(FmtShort, mode)
 			}
 
-			if flag&FmtUnsigned != 0 {
-				return t.Sym.sconv(FmtUnsigned)
+			if mode == FTypeIdName {
+				return t.Sym.sconv(FmtUnsigned, mode)
 			}
 
 			if t.Sym.Pkg == localpkg && t.Vargen != 0 {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%v·%d", t.Sym, t.Vargen)
+				return mode.Sprintf("%v·%d", t.Sym, t.Vargen)
 			}
 		}
 
-		return t.Sym.String()
+		return t.Sym.modeString(mode)
 	}
 
 	if int(t.Etype) < len(basicnames) && basicnames[t.Etype] != "" {
 		prefix := ""
-		if fmtmode == FErr && (t == idealbool || t == idealstring) {
+		if mode == FErr && (t == idealbool || t == idealstring) {
 			prefix = "untyped "
 		}
 		return prefix + basicnames[t.Etype]
 	}
 
-	if fmtmode == FDbg {
-		fmtmode = 0
-		str := t.Etype.String() + "-" + t.typefmt(flag)
-		fmtmode = FDbg
-		return str
+	if mode == FDbg {
+		return t.Etype.String() + "-" + t.typefmt(flag, 0)
 	}
 
 	switch t.Etype {
 	case TPTR32, TPTR64:
-		if fmtmode == FTypeId && (flag&FmtShort != 0) {
-			return "*" + t.Elem().tconv(FmtShort)
+		switch mode {
+		case FTypeId, FTypeIdName:
+			if flag&FmtShort != 0 {
+				return "*" + t.Elem().tconv(FmtShort, mode)
+			}
 		}
-		return "*" + t.Elem().String()
+		return "*" + t.Elem().modeString(mode)
 
 	case TARRAY:
 		if t.isDDDArray() {
-			return "[...]" + t.Elem().String()
+			return "[...]" + t.Elem().modeString(mode)
 		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]%v", t.NumElem(), t.Elem())
+		return mode.Sprintf("[%d]%v", t.NumElem(), t.Elem())
 
 	case TSLICE:
-		return "[]" + t.Elem().String()
+		return "[]" + t.Elem().modeString(mode)
 
 	case TCHAN:
 		switch t.ChanDir() {
 		case Crecv:
-			return "<-chan " + t.Elem().String()
+			return "<-chan " + t.Elem().modeString(mode)
 
 		case Csend:
-			return "chan<- " + t.Elem().String()
+			return "chan<- " + t.Elem().modeString(mode)
 		}
 
 		if t.Elem() != nil && t.Elem().IsChan() && t.Elem().Sym == nil && t.Elem().ChanDir() == Crecv {
-			return "chan (" + t.Elem().String() + ")"
+			return "chan (" + t.Elem().modeString(mode) + ")"
 		}
-		return "chan " + t.Elem().String()
+		return "chan " + t.Elem().modeString(mode)
 
 	case TMAP:
-		return "map[" + t.Key().String() + "]" + t.Val().String()
+		return "map[" + t.Key().modeString(mode) + "]" + t.Val().modeString(mode)
 
 	case TINTER:
 		if t.IsEmptyInterface() {
@@ -668,11 +827,11 @@
 				// Wrong interface definitions may have types lacking a symbol.
 				break
 			case exportname(f.Sym.Name):
-				buf = append(buf, f.Sym.sconv(FmtShort)...)
+				buf = append(buf, f.Sym.sconv(FmtShort, mode)...)
 			default:
-				buf = append(buf, f.Sym.sconv(FmtUnsigned)...)
+				buf = append(buf, f.Sym.sconv(FmtUnsigned, mode)...)
 			}
-			buf = append(buf, f.Type.tconv(FmtShort)...)
+			buf = append(buf, f.Type.tconv(FmtShort, mode)...)
 		}
 		if t.NumFields() != 0 {
 			buf = append(buf, ' ')
@@ -687,12 +846,12 @@
 		} else {
 			if t.Recv() != nil {
 				buf = append(buf, "method"...)
-				buf = append(buf, t.Recvs().String()...)
+				buf = append(buf, t.Recvs().modeString(mode)...)
 				buf = append(buf, ' ')
 			}
 			buf = append(buf, "func"...)
 		}
-		buf = append(buf, t.Params().String()...)
+		buf = append(buf, t.Params().modeString(mode)...)
 
 		switch t.Results().NumFields() {
 		case 0:
@@ -700,11 +859,11 @@
 
 		case 1:
 			buf = append(buf, ' ')
-			buf = append(buf, t.Results().Field(0).Type.String()...) // struct->field->field's type
+			buf = append(buf, t.Results().Field(0).Type.modeString(mode)...) // struct->field->field's type
 
 		default:
 			buf = append(buf, ' ')
-			buf = append(buf, t.Results().String()...)
+			buf = append(buf, t.Results().modeString(mode)...)
 		}
 		return string(buf)
 
@@ -714,15 +873,15 @@
 			// Format the bucket struct for map[x]y as map.bucket[x]y.
 			// This avoids a recursive print that generates very long names.
 			if mt.Bucket == t {
-				return "map.bucket[" + m.Key().String() + "]" + m.Val().String()
+				return "map.bucket[" + m.Key().modeString(mode) + "]" + m.Val().modeString(mode)
 			}
 
 			if mt.Hmap == t {
-				return "map.hdr[" + m.Key().String() + "]" + m.Val().String()
+				return "map.hdr[" + m.Key().modeString(mode) + "]" + m.Val().modeString(mode)
 			}
 
 			if mt.Hiter == t {
-				return "map.iter[" + m.Key().String() + "]" + m.Val().String()
+				return "map.iter[" + m.Key().modeString(mode) + "]" + m.Val().modeString(mode)
 			}
 
 			Fatalf("unknown internal map type")
@@ -732,14 +891,16 @@
 		if t.IsFuncArgStruct() {
 			buf = append(buf, '(')
 			var flag1 FmtFlag
-			if fmtmode == FTypeId || fmtmode == FErr { // no argument names on function signature, and no "noescape"/"nosplit" tags
+			switch mode {
+			case FTypeId, FTypeIdName, FErr:
+				// no argument names on function signature, and no "noescape"/"nosplit" tags
 				flag1 = FmtShort
 			}
 			for i, f := range t.Fields().Slice() {
 				if i != 0 {
 					buf = append(buf, ", "...)
 				}
-				buf = append(buf, fldconv(f, flag1)...)
+				buf = append(buf, fldconv(f, flag1, mode)...)
 			}
 			buf = append(buf, ')')
 		} else {
@@ -749,7 +910,7 @@
 					buf = append(buf, ';')
 				}
 				buf = append(buf, ' ')
-				buf = append(buf, fldconv(f, FmtLong)...)
+				buf = append(buf, fldconv(f, FmtLong, mode)...)
 			}
 			if t.NumFields() != 0 {
 				buf = append(buf, ' ')
@@ -760,7 +921,7 @@
 
 	case TFORW:
 		if t.Sym != nil {
-			return "undefined " + t.Sym.String()
+			return "undefined " + t.Sym.modeString(mode)
 		}
 		return "undefined"
 
@@ -768,14 +929,14 @@
 		return "unsafe.Pointer"
 
 	case TDDDFIELD:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%v <%v> %v", t.Etype, t.Sym, t.DDDField())
+		return mode.Sprintf("%v <%v> %v", t.Etype, t.Sym, t.DDDField())
 
 	case Txxx:
 		return "Txxx"
 	}
 
 	// Don't know how to handle - fall back to detailed prints.
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%v <%v> %v", t.Etype, t.Sym, t.Elem())
+	return mode.Sprintf("%v <%v> %v", t.Etype, t.Sym, t.Elem())
 }
 
 // Statements which may be rendered with a simplestmt as init.
@@ -788,7 +949,7 @@
 	return false
 }
 
-func (n *Node) stmtfmt(s fmt.State) {
+func (n *Node) stmtfmt(s fmt.State, mode fmtMode) {
 	// some statements allow for an init, but at most one,
 	// but we may have an arbitrary number added, eg by typecheck
 	// and inlining. If it doesn't fit the syntax, emit an enclosing
@@ -798,7 +959,7 @@
 	simpleinit := n.Ninit.Len() == 1 && n.Ninit.First().Ninit.Len() == 0 && stmtwithinit(n.Op)
 
 	// otherwise, print the inits as separate statements
-	complexinit := n.Ninit.Len() != 0 && !simpleinit && (fmtmode != FErr)
+	complexinit := n.Ninit.Len() != 0 && !simpleinit && (mode != FErr)
 
 	// but if it was for if/for/switch, put in an extra surrounding block to limit the scope
 	extrablock := complexinit && stmtwithinit(n.Op)
@@ -808,18 +969,18 @@
 	}
 
 	if complexinit {
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, " %v; ", n.Ninit)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, " %v; ", n.Ninit)
 	}
 
 	switch n.Op {
 	case ODCL:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "var %v %v", n.Left.Sym, n.Left.Type)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "var %v %v", n.Left.Sym, n.Left.Type)
 
 	case ODCLFIELD:
 		if n.Left != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v %v", n.Left, n.Right)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v %v", n.Left, n.Right)
 		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Right)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Right)
 		}
 
 	// Don't export "v = <N>" initializing statements, hope they're always
@@ -827,53 +988,53 @@
 	// the "v = <N>" again.
 	case OAS:
 		if n.Colas() && !complexinit {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v := %v", n.Left, n.Right)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v := %v", n.Left, n.Right)
 		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v = %v", n.Left, n.Right)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v = %v", n.Left, n.Right)
 		}
 
 	case OASOP:
 		if n.Implicit() {
 			if Op(n.Etype) == OADD {
-				fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v++", n.Left)
+				mode.Fprintf(s, "%v++", n.Left)
 			} else {
-				fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v--", n.Left)
+				mode.Fprintf(s, "%v--", n.Left)
 			}
 			break
 		}
 
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v %#v= %v", n.Left, Op(n.Etype), n.Right)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v %#v= %v", n.Left, Op(n.Etype), n.Right)
 
 	case OAS2:
 		if n.Colas() && !complexinit {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%.v := %.v", n.List, n.Rlist)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%.v := %.v", n.List, n.Rlist)
 			break
 		}
 		fallthrough
 
 	case OAS2DOTTYPE, OAS2FUNC, OAS2MAPR, OAS2RECV:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%.v = %.v", n.List, n.Rlist)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%.v = %.v", n.List, n.Rlist)
 
 	case ORETURN:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "return %.v", n.List)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "return %.v", n.List)
 
 	case ORETJMP:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "retjmp %v", n.Sym)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "retjmp %v", n.Sym)
 
 	case OPROC:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "go %v", n.Left)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "go %v", n.Left)
 
 	case ODEFER:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "defer %v", n.Left)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "defer %v", n.Left)
 
 	case OIF:
 		if simpleinit {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "if %v; %v { %v }", n.Ninit.First(), n.Left, n.Nbody)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "if %v; %v { %v }", n.Ninit.First(), n.Left, n.Nbody)
 		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "if %v { %v }", n.Left, n.Nbody)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "if %v { %v }", n.Left, n.Nbody)
 		}
 		if n.Rlist.Len() != 0 {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, " else { %v }", n.Rlist)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, " else { %v }", n.Rlist)
 		}
 
 	case OFOR, OFORUNTIL:
@@ -881,82 +1042,82 @@
 		if n.Op == OFORUNTIL {
 			opname = "foruntil"
 		}
-		if fmtmode == FErr { // TODO maybe only if FmtShort, same below
+		if mode == FErr { // TODO maybe only if FmtShort, same below
 			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%s loop", opname)
 			break
 		}
 
 		fmt.Fprint(s, opname)
 		if simpleinit {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, " %v;", n.Ninit.First())
+			mode.Fprintf(s, " %v;", n.Ninit.First())
 		} else if n.Right != nil {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, " ;")
 		}
 
 		if n.Left != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, " %v", n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, " %v", n.Left)
 		}
 
 		if n.Right != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "; %v", n.Right)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "; %v", n.Right)
 		} else if simpleinit {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, ";")
 		}
 
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, " { %v }", n.Nbody)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, " { %v }", n.Nbody)
 
 	case ORANGE:
-		if fmtmode == FErr {
+		if mode == FErr {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, "for loop")
 			break
 		}
 
 		if n.List.Len() == 0 {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "for range %v { %v }", n.Right, n.Nbody)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "for range %v { %v }", n.Right, n.Nbody)
 			break
 		}
 
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "for %.v = range %v { %v }", n.List, n.Right, n.Nbody)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "for %.v = range %v { %v }", n.List, n.Right, n.Nbody)
 
 	case OSELECT, OSWITCH:
-		if fmtmode == FErr {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v statement", n.Op)
+		if mode == FErr {
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v statement", n.Op)
 			break
 		}
 
-		fmt.Fprint(s, n.Op.GoString()) // %#v
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%#v", n.Op)
 		if simpleinit {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, " %v;", n.Ninit.First())
+			mode.Fprintf(s, " %v;", n.Ninit.First())
 		}
 		if n.Left != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, " %v ", n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, " %v ", n.Left)
 		}
 
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, " { %v }", n.List)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, " { %v }", n.List)
 
 	case OXCASE:
 		if n.List.Len() != 0 {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "case %.v", n.List)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "case %.v", n.List)
 		} else {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, "default")
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, ": %v", n.Nbody)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, ": %v", n.Nbody)
 
 	case OCASE:
 		switch {
 		case n.Left != nil:
 			// single element
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "case %v", n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "case %v", n.Left)
 		case n.List.Len() > 0:
 			// range
 			if n.List.Len() != 2 {
 				Fatalf("bad OCASE list length %d", n.List.Len())
 			}
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "case %v..%v", n.List.First(), n.List.Second())
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "case %v..%v", n.List.First(), n.List.Second())
 		default:
 			fmt.Fprint(s, "default")
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, ": %v", n.Nbody)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, ": %v", n.Nbody)
 
 	case OBREAK,
 		OCONTINUE,
@@ -964,16 +1125,16 @@
 		OFALL,
 		OXFALL:
 		if n.Left != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%#v %v", n.Op, n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%#v %v", n.Op, n.Left)
 		} else {
-			fmt.Fprint(s, n.Op.GoString()) // %#v
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%#v", n.Op)
 		}
 
 	case OEMPTY:
 		break
 
 	case OLABEL:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v: ", n.Left)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v: ", n.Left)
 	}
 
 	if extrablock {
@@ -1102,7 +1263,7 @@
 	OEND: 0,
 }
 
-func (n *Node) exprfmt(s fmt.State, prec int) {
+func (n *Node) exprfmt(s fmt.State, prec int, mode fmtMode) {
 	for n != nil && n.Implicit() && (n.Op == OIND || n.Op == OADDR) {
 		n = n.Left
 	}
@@ -1118,87 +1279,87 @@
 	}
 
 	if prec > nprec {
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "(%v)", n)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "(%v)", n)
 		return
 	}
 
 	switch n.Op {
 	case OPAREN:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "(%v)", n.Left)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "(%v)", n.Left)
 
 	case ODDDARG:
 		fmt.Fprint(s, "... argument")
 
 	case OLITERAL: // this is a bit of a mess
-		if fmtmode == FErr {
+		if mode == FErr {
 			if n.Orig != nil && n.Orig != n {
-				n.Orig.exprfmt(s, prec)
+				n.Orig.exprfmt(s, prec, mode)
 				return
 			}
 			if n.Sym != nil {
-				fmt.Fprint(s, n.Sym.String())
+				fmt.Fprint(s, n.Sym.modeString(mode))
 				return
 			}
 		}
 		if n.Val().Ctype() == CTNIL && n.Orig != nil && n.Orig != n {
-			n.Orig.exprfmt(s, prec)
+			n.Orig.exprfmt(s, prec, mode)
 			return
 		}
 		if n.Type != nil && n.Type.Etype != TIDEAL && n.Type.Etype != TNIL && n.Type != idealbool && n.Type != idealstring {
 			// Need parens when type begins with what might
 			// be misinterpreted as a unary operator: * or <-.
 			if n.Type.IsPtr() || (n.Type.IsChan() && n.Type.ChanDir() == Crecv) {
-				fmt.Fprintf(s, "(%v)(%v)", n.Type, n.Val())
+				mode.Fprintf(s, "(%v)(%v)", n.Type, n.Val())
 				return
 			} else {
-				fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v(%v)", n.Type, n.Val())
+				mode.Fprintf(s, "%v(%v)", n.Type, n.Val())
 				return
 			}
 		}
 
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Val())
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Val())
 
 	// Special case: name used as local variable in export.
 	// _ becomes ~b%d internally; print as _ for export
 	case ONAME:
-		if fmtmode == FErr && n.Sym != nil && n.Sym.Name[0] == '~' && n.Sym.Name[1] == 'b' {
+		if mode == FErr && n.Sym != nil && n.Sym.Name[0] == '~' && n.Sym.Name[1] == 'b' {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, "_")
 			return
 		}
 		fallthrough
 	case OPACK, ONONAME:
-		fmt.Fprint(s, n.Sym.String())
+		fmt.Fprint(s, n.Sym.modeString(mode))
 
 	case OTYPE:
 		if n.Type == nil && n.Sym != nil {
-			fmt.Fprint(s, n.Sym.String())
+			fmt.Fprint(s, n.Sym.modeString(mode))
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Type)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Type)
 
 	case OTARRAY:
 		if n.Left != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "[]%v", n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "[]%v", n.Left)
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "[]%v", n.Right) // happens before typecheck
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "[]%v", n.Right) // happens before typecheck
 
 	case OTMAP:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "map[%v]%v", n.Left, n.Right)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "map[%v]%v", n.Left, n.Right)
 
 	case OTCHAN:
 		switch ChanDir(n.Etype) {
 		case Crecv:
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "<-chan %v", n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "<-chan %v", n.Left)
 
 		case Csend:
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "chan<- %v", n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "chan<- %v", n.Left)
 
 		default:
 			if n.Left != nil && n.Left.Op == OTCHAN && n.Left.Sym == nil && ChanDir(n.Left.Etype) == Crecv {
-				fmt.Fprintf(s, "chan (%v)", n.Left)
+				mode.Fprintf(s, "chan (%v)", n.Left)
 			} else {
-				fmt.Fprintf(s, "chan %v", n.Left)
+				mode.Fprintf(s, "chan %v", n.Left)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -1212,25 +1373,25 @@
 		fmt.Fprint(s, "<func>")
 
 	case OCLOSURE:
-		if fmtmode == FErr {
+		if mode == FErr {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, "func literal")
 			return
 		}
 		if n.Nbody.Len() != 0 {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v { %v }", n.Type, n.Nbody)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v { %v }", n.Type, n.Nbody)
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v { %v }", n.Type, n.Func.Closure.Nbody)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v { %v }", n.Type, n.Func.Closure.Nbody)
 
 	case OCOMPLIT:
 		ptrlit := n.Right != nil && n.Right.Implicit() && n.Right.Type != nil && n.Right.Type.IsPtr()
-		if fmtmode == FErr {
+		if mode == FErr {
 			if n.Right != nil && n.Right.Type != nil && !n.Implicit() {
 				if ptrlit {
-					fmt.Fprintf(s, "&%v literal", n.Right.Type.Elem())
+					mode.Fprintf(s, "&%v literal", n.Right.Type.Elem())
 					return
 				} else {
-					fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v literal", n.Right.Type)
+					mode.Fprintf(s, "%v literal", n.Right.Type)
 					return
 				}
 			}
@@ -1238,86 +1399,86 @@
 			fmt.Fprint(s, "composite literal")
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "(%v{ %.v })", n.Right, n.List)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "(%v{ %.v })", n.Right, n.List)
 
 	case OPTRLIT:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "&%v", n.Left)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "&%v", n.Left)
 
 	case OSTRUCTLIT, OARRAYLIT, OSLICELIT, OMAPLIT:
-		if fmtmode == FErr {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v literal", n.Type)
+		if mode == FErr {
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v literal", n.Type)
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "(%v{ %.v })", n.Type, n.List)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "(%v{ %.v })", n.Type, n.List)
 
 	case OKEY:
 		if n.Left != nil && n.Right != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v:%v", n.Left, n.Right)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v:%v", n.Left, n.Right)
 			return
 		}
 
 		if n.Left == nil && n.Right != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, ":%v", n.Right)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, ":%v", n.Right)
 			return
 		}
 		if n.Left != nil && n.Right == nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v:", n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v:", n.Left)
 			return
 		}
 		fmt.Fprint(s, ":")
 
 	case OSTRUCTKEY:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v:%v", n.Sym, n.Left)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v:%v", n.Sym, n.Left)
 
 	case OCALLPART:
-		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec)
+		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec, mode)
 		if n.Right == nil || n.Right.Sym == nil {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, ".<nil>")
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, ".%0S", n.Right.Sym)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, ".%0S", n.Right.Sym)
 
 	case OXDOT, ODOT, ODOTPTR, ODOTINTER, ODOTMETH:
-		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec)
+		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec, mode)
 		if n.Sym == nil {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, ".<nil>")
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, ".%0S", n.Sym)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, ".%0S", n.Sym)
 
 	case ODOTTYPE, ODOTTYPE2:
-		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec)
+		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec, mode)
 		if n.Right != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, ".(%v)", n.Right)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, ".(%v)", n.Right)
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, ".(%v)", n.Type)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, ".(%v)", n.Type)
 
 	case OINDEX, OINDEXMAP:
-		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec)
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "[%v]", n.Right)
+		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec, mode)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "[%v]", n.Right)
 
 	case OSLICE, OSLICESTR, OSLICEARR, OSLICE3, OSLICE3ARR:
-		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec)
+		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec, mode)
 		fmt.Fprint(s, "[")
 		low, high, max := n.SliceBounds()
 		if low != nil {
-			fmt.Fprint(s, low.String())
+			fmt.Fprint(s, low.modeString(mode))
 		}
 		fmt.Fprint(s, ":")
 		if high != nil {
-			fmt.Fprint(s, high.String())
+			fmt.Fprint(s, high.modeString(mode))
 		}
 		if n.Op.IsSlice3() {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, ":")
 			if max != nil {
-				fmt.Fprint(s, max.String())
+				fmt.Fprint(s, max.modeString(mode))
 			}
 		}
 		fmt.Fprint(s, "]")
 
 	case OCOPY, OCOMPLEX:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%#v(%v, %v)", n.Op, n.Left, n.Right)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%#v(%v, %v)", n.Op, n.Left, n.Right)
 
 	case OCONV,
 		OCONVIFACE,
@@ -1328,14 +1489,14 @@
 		OSTRARRAYRUNE,
 		ORUNESTR:
 		if n.Type == nil || n.Type.Sym == nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "(%v)", n.Type)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "(%v)", n.Type)
 		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Type)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Type)
 		}
 		if n.Left != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "(%v)", n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "(%v)", n.Left)
 		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "(%.v)", n.List)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "(%.v)", n.List)
 		}
 
 	case OREAL,
@@ -1355,37 +1516,37 @@
 		OPRINT,
 		OPRINTN:
 		if n.Left != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%#v(%v)", n.Op, n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%#v(%v)", n.Op, n.Left)
 			return
 		}
 		if n.Isddd() {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%#v(%.v...)", n.Op, n.List)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%#v(%.v...)", n.Op, n.List)
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%#v(%.v)", n.Op, n.List)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%#v(%.v)", n.Op, n.List)
 
 	case OCALL, OCALLFUNC, OCALLINTER, OCALLMETH, OGETG:
-		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec)
+		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec, mode)
 		if n.Isddd() {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "(%.v...)", n.List)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "(%.v...)", n.List)
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "(%.v)", n.List)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "(%.v)", n.List)
 
 	case OMAKEMAP, OMAKECHAN, OMAKESLICE:
 		if n.List.Len() != 0 { // pre-typecheck
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "make(%v, %.v)", n.Type, n.List)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "make(%v, %.v)", n.Type, n.List)
 			return
 		}
 		if n.Right != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "make(%v, %v, %v)", n.Type, n.Left, n.Right)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "make(%v, %v, %v)", n.Type, n.Left, n.Right)
 			return
 		}
 		if n.Left != nil && (n.Op == OMAKESLICE || !n.Left.Type.IsUntyped()) {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "make(%v, %v)", n.Type, n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "make(%v, %v)", n.Type, n.Left)
 			return
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "make(%v)", n.Type)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "make(%v)", n.Type)
 
 		// Unary
 	case OPLUS,
@@ -1395,11 +1556,11 @@
 		OIND,
 		ONOT,
 		ORECV:
-		fmt.Fprint(s, n.Op.GoString()) // %#v
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%#v", n.Op)
 		if n.Left.Op == n.Op {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, " ")
 		}
-		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec+1)
+		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec+1, mode)
 
 		// Binary
 	case OADD,
@@ -1422,9 +1583,9 @@
 		OSEND,
 		OSUB,
 		OXOR:
-		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec)
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, " %#v ", n.Op)
-		n.Right.exprfmt(s, nprec+1)
+		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec, mode)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, " %#v ", n.Op)
+		n.Right.exprfmt(s, nprec+1, mode)
 
 	case OADDSTR:
 		i := 0
@@ -1432,27 +1593,27 @@
 			if i != 0 {
 				fmt.Fprint(s, " + ")
 			}
-			n1.exprfmt(s, nprec)
+			n1.exprfmt(s, nprec, mode)
 			i++
 		}
 
 	case OCMPSTR, OCMPIFACE:
-		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec)
+		n.Left.exprfmt(s, nprec, mode)
 		// TODO(marvin): Fix Node.EType type union.
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, " %#v ", Op(n.Etype))
-		n.Right.exprfmt(s, nprec+1)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, " %#v ", Op(n.Etype))
+		n.Right.exprfmt(s, nprec+1, mode)
 
 	default:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "<node %v>", n.Op)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "<node %v>", n.Op)
 	}
 }
 
-func (n *Node) nodefmt(s fmt.State, flag FmtFlag) {
+func (n *Node) nodefmt(s fmt.State, flag FmtFlag, mode fmtMode) {
 	t := n.Type
 
-	// we almost always want the original, except in export mode for literals
-	// this saves the importer some work, and avoids us having to redo some
-	// special casing for package unsafe
+	// We almost always want the original, except in export mode for literals.
+	// This saves the importer some work, and avoids us having to redo some
+	// special casing for package unsafe.
 	if n.Op != OLITERAL && n.Orig != nil {
 		n = n.Orig
 	}
@@ -1461,7 +1622,7 @@
 		if t.Etype == TNIL {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, "nil")
 		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v (type %v)", n, t)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v (type %v)", n, t)
 		}
 		return
 	}
@@ -1469,18 +1630,14 @@
 	// TODO inlining produces expressions with ninits. we can't print these yet.
 
 	if opprec[n.Op] < 0 {
-		n.stmtfmt(s)
+		n.stmtfmt(s, mode)
 		return
 	}
 
-	n.exprfmt(s, 0)
+	n.exprfmt(s, 0, mode)
 }
 
-func (n *Node) nodedump(s fmt.State, flag FmtFlag) {
-	if n == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
+func (n *Node) nodedump(s fmt.State, flag FmtFlag, mode fmtMode) {
 	recur := flag&FmtShort == 0
 
 	if recur {
@@ -1491,92 +1648,91 @@
 		}
 
 		if n.Ninit.Len() != 0 {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v-init%v", n.Op, n.Ninit)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v-init%v", n.Op, n.Ninit)
 			indent(s)
 		}
 	}
 
 	switch n.Op {
 	default:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v%j", n.Op, n)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v%j", n.Op, n)
 
 	case OINDREGSP:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v-SP%j", n.Op, n)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v-SP%j", n.Op, n)
 
 	case OLITERAL:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v-%v%j", n.Op, n.Val(), n)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v-%v%j", n.Op, n.Val(), n)
 
 	case ONAME, ONONAME:
 		if n.Sym != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v-%v%j", n.Op, n.Sym, n)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v-%v%j", n.Op, n.Sym, n)
 		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v%j", n.Op, n)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v%j", n.Op, n)
 		}
 		if recur && n.Type == nil && n.Name != nil && n.Name.Param != nil && n.Name.Param.Ntype != nil {
 			indent(s)
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v-ntype%v", n.Op, n.Name.Param.Ntype)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v-ntype%v", n.Op, n.Name.Param.Ntype)
 		}
 
 	case OASOP:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v-%v%j", n.Op, Op(n.Etype), n)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v-%v%j", n.Op, Op(n.Etype), n)
 
 	case OTYPE:
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v %v%j type=%v", n.Op, n.Sym, n, n.Type)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, "%v %v%j type=%v", n.Op, n.Sym, n, n.Type)
 		if recur && n.Type == nil && n.Name.Param.Ntype != nil {
 			indent(s)
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v-ntype%v", n.Op, n.Name.Param.Ntype)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v-ntype%v", n.Op, n.Name.Param.Ntype)
 		}
 	}
 
 	if n.Sym != nil && n.Op != ONAME {
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, " %v", n.Sym)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, " %v", n.Sym)
 	}
 
 	if n.Type != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintf(s, " %v", n.Type)
+		mode.Fprintf(s, " %v", n.Type)
 	}
 
 	if recur {
 		if n.Left != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Left)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Left)
 		}
 		if n.Right != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Right)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v", n.Right)
 		}
 		if n.List.Len() != 0 {
 			indent(s)
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v-list%v", n.Op, n.List)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v-list%v", n.Op, n.List)
 		}
 
 		if n.Rlist.Len() != 0 {
 			indent(s)
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v-rlist%v", n.Op, n.Rlist)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v-rlist%v", n.Op, n.Rlist)
 		}
 
 		if n.Nbody.Len() != 0 {
 			indent(s)
-			fmt.Fprintf(s, "%v-body%v", n.Op, n.Nbody)
+			mode.Fprintf(s, "%v-body%v", n.Op, n.Nbody)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 // "%S" suppresses qualifying with package
-func (s *Sym) Format(f fmt.State, verb rune) {
+func (s *Sym) format(f fmt.State, verb rune, mode fmtMode) {
 	switch verb {
 	case 'v', 'S':
-		fmt.Fprint(f, s.sconv(fmtFlag(f, verb)))
+		fmt.Fprint(f, s.sconv(fmtFlag(f, verb), mode))
 
 	default:
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "%%!%c(*Sym=%p)", verb, s)
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Sym) String() string {
-	return s.sconv(0)
-}
+func (s *Sym) String() string                 { return s.sconv(0, FErr) }
+func (s *Sym) modeString(mode fmtMode) string { return s.sconv(0, mode) }
 
 // See #16897 before changing the implementation of sconv.
-func (s *Sym) sconv(flag FmtFlag) string {
+func (s *Sym) sconv(flag FmtFlag, mode fmtMode) string {
 	if flag&FmtLong != 0 {
 		panic("linksymfmt")
 	}
@@ -1589,48 +1745,34 @@
 		return "_"
 	}
 
-	sm := setfmode(&flag)
-	str := s.symfmt(flag)
-	fmtmode = sm
-	return str
+	flag, mode = flag.update(mode)
+	return s.symfmt(flag, mode)
 }
 
-func (t *Type) String() string {
-	return t.tconv(0)
-}
+func (t *Type) String() string                 { return t.tconv(0, FErr) }
+func (t *Type) modeString(mode fmtMode) string { return t.tconv(0, mode) }
 
 // ShortString generates a short description of t.
 // It is used in autogenerated method names, reflection,
 // and itab names.
 func (t *Type) ShortString() string {
-	if fmtmode != FErr {
-		Fatalf("ShortString fmtmode %v", fmtmode)
-	}
-	return t.tconv(FmtLeft)
+	return t.tconv(FmtLeft, FErr)
 }
 
 // LongString generates a complete description of t.
 // It is useful for reflection,
 // or when a unique fingerprint or hash of a type is required.
 func (t *Type) LongString() string {
-	if fmtmode != FErr {
-		Fatalf("LongString fmtmode %v", fmtmode)
-	}
-	return t.tconv(FmtLeft | FmtUnsigned)
+	return t.tconv(FmtLeft|FmtUnsigned, FErr)
 }
 
-func fldconv(f *Field, flag FmtFlag) string {
+func fldconv(f *Field, flag FmtFlag, mode fmtMode) string {
 	if f == nil {
 		return "<T>"
 	}
 
-	unsigned := flag&FmtUnsigned != 0
-	sm := setfmode(&flag)
-
-	if fmtmode == FTypeId && unsigned {
-		fmtpkgpfx++
-	}
-	if fmtpkgpfx != 0 {
+	flag, mode = flag.update(mode)
+	if mode == FTypeIdName {
 		flag |= FmtUnsigned
 	}
 
@@ -1640,7 +1782,7 @@
 
 		// Take the name from the original, lest we substituted it with ~r%d or ~b%d.
 		// ~r%d is a (formerly) unnamed result.
-		if fmtmode == FErr && f.Nname != nil {
+		if mode == FErr && f.Nname != nil {
 			if f.Nname.Orig != nil {
 				s = f.Nname.Orig.Sym
 				if s != nil && s.Name[0] == '~' {
@@ -1657,23 +1799,23 @@
 
 		if s != nil && f.Embedded == 0 {
 			if f.Funarg != FunargNone {
-				name = f.Nname.String()
+				name = f.Nname.modeString(mode)
 			} else if flag&FmtLong != 0 {
-				name = fmt.Sprintf("%0S", s)
+				name = mode.Sprintf("%0S", s)
 				if !exportname(name) && flag&FmtUnsigned == 0 {
-					name = s.String() // qualify non-exported names (used on structs, not on funarg)
+					name = s.modeString(mode) // qualify non-exported names (used on structs, not on funarg)
 				}
 			} else {
-				name = s.String()
+				name = s.modeString(mode)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	var typ string
 	if f.Isddd() {
-		typ = fmt.Sprintf("...%v", f.Type.Elem())
+		typ = mode.Sprintf("...%v", f.Type.Elem())
 	} else {
-		typ = fmt.Sprintf("%v", f.Type)
+		typ = mode.Sprintf("%v", f.Type)
 	}
 
 	str := typ
@@ -1685,20 +1827,15 @@
 		str += " " + strconv.Quote(f.Note)
 	}
 
-	if fmtmode == FTypeId && unsigned {
-		fmtpkgpfx--
-	}
-
-	fmtmode = sm
 	return str
 }
 
 // "%L"  print definition, not name
 // "%S"  omit 'func' and receiver from function types, short type names
-func (t *Type) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune) {
+func (t *Type) format(s fmt.State, verb rune, mode fmtMode) {
 	switch verb {
 	case 'v', 'S', 'L':
-		fmt.Fprint(s, t.tconv(fmtFlag(s, verb)))
+		fmt.Fprint(s, t.tconv(fmtFlag(s, verb), mode))
 
 	default:
 		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%%!%c(*Type=%p)", verb, t)
@@ -1706,7 +1843,7 @@
 }
 
 // See #16897 before changing the implementation of tconv.
-func (t *Type) tconv(flag FmtFlag) string {
+func (t *Type) tconv(flag FmtFlag, mode fmtMode) string {
 	if t == nil {
 		return "<T>"
 	}
@@ -1716,61 +1853,48 @@
 	}
 
 	t.Trecur++
-	unsigned := flag&FmtUnsigned != 0
-	sm := setfmode(&flag)
-
-	if fmtmode == FTypeId && unsigned {
-		fmtpkgpfx++
-	}
-	if fmtpkgpfx != 0 {
+	flag, mode = flag.update(mode)
+	if mode == FTypeIdName {
 		flag |= FmtUnsigned
 	}
 
-	str := t.typefmt(flag)
+	str := t.typefmt(flag, mode)
 
-	if fmtmode == FTypeId && unsigned {
-		fmtpkgpfx--
-	}
-
-	fmtmode = sm
 	t.Trecur--
 	return str
 }
 
-func (n *Node) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprint(n)
-}
+func (n *Node) String() string                 { return fmt.Sprint(n) }
+func (n *Node) modeString(mode fmtMode) string { return mode.Sprint(n) }
 
 // "%L"  suffix with "(type %T)" where possible
 // "%+S" in debug mode, don't recurse, no multiline output
-func (n *Node) nconv(s fmt.State, flag FmtFlag) {
+func (n *Node) nconv(s fmt.State, flag FmtFlag, mode fmtMode) {
 	if n == nil {
 		fmt.Fprint(s, "<N>")
 		return
 	}
 
-	sm := setfmode(&flag)
+	flag, mode = flag.update(mode)
 
-	switch fmtmode {
+	switch mode {
 	case FErr:
-		n.nodefmt(s, flag)
+		n.nodefmt(s, flag, mode)
 
 	case FDbg:
 		dumpdepth++
-		n.nodedump(s, flag)
+		n.nodedump(s, flag, mode)
 		dumpdepth--
 
 	default:
-		Fatalf("unhandled %%N mode: %d", fmtmode)
+		Fatalf("unhandled %%N mode: %d", mode)
 	}
-
-	fmtmode = sm
 }
 
-func (l Nodes) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune) {
+func (l Nodes) format(s fmt.State, verb rune, mode fmtMode) {
 	switch verb {
 	case 'v':
-		l.hconv(s, fmtFlag(s, verb))
+		l.hconv(s, fmtFlag(s, verb), mode)
 
 	default:
 		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%%!%c(Nodes)", verb)
@@ -1782,28 +1906,26 @@
 }
 
 // Flags: all those of %N plus '.': separate with comma's instead of semicolons.
-func (l Nodes) hconv(s fmt.State, flag FmtFlag) {
-	if l.Len() == 0 && fmtmode == FDbg {
+func (l Nodes) hconv(s fmt.State, flag FmtFlag, mode fmtMode) {
+	if l.Len() == 0 && mode == FDbg {
 		fmt.Fprint(s, "<nil>")
 		return
 	}
 
-	sm := setfmode(&flag)
+	flag, mode = flag.update(mode)
 	sep := "; "
-	if fmtmode == FDbg {
+	if mode == FDbg {
 		sep = "\n"
 	} else if flag&FmtComma != 0 {
 		sep = ", "
 	}
 
 	for i, n := range l.Slice() {
-		fmt.Fprint(s, n)
+		fmt.Fprint(s, n.modeString(mode))
 		if i+1 < l.Len() {
 			fmt.Fprint(s, sep)
 		}
 	}
-
-	fmtmode = sm
 }
 
 func dumplist(s string, l Nodes) {