src/pkg/net/dnsclient.go - go - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 // DNS client: see RFC 1035.
 // Has to be linked into package net for Dial.

 // TODO(rsc):
 //	Check periodically whether /etc/resolv.conf has changed.
 //	Could potentially handle many outstanding lookups faster.
 //	Could have a small cache.
 //	Random UDP source port (net.Dial should do that for us).
 //	Random request IDs.

 package net

 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"rand"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 )

 // DNSError represents a DNS lookup error.
 type DNSError struct {
 	Error     string // description of the error
 	Name      string // name looked for
 	Server    string // server used
 	IsTimeout bool
 }

 func (e *DNSError) String() string {
 	if e == nil {
 		return "<nil>"
 	}
 	s := "lookup " + e.Name
 	if e.Server != "" {
 		s += " on " + e.Server
 	}
 	s += ": " + e.Error
 	return s
 }

 func (e *DNSError) Timeout() bool   { return e.IsTimeout }
 func (e *DNSError) Temporary() bool { return e.IsTimeout }

 const noSuchHost = "no such host"

 // Send a request on the connection and hope for a reply.
 // Up to cfg.attempts attempts.
 func exchange(cfg *dnsConfig, c Conn, name string, qtype uint16) (*dnsMsg, os.Error) {
 	if len(name) >= 256 {
 		return nil, &DNSError{Error: "name too long", Name: name}
 	}
 	out := new(dnsMsg)
 	out.id = uint16(rand.Int()) ^ uint16(time.Nanoseconds())
 	out.question = []dnsQuestion{
 		{name, qtype, dnsClassINET},
 	}
 	out.recursion_desired = true
 	msg, ok := out.Pack()
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, &DNSError{Error: "internal error - cannot pack message", Name: name}
 	}

 	for attempt := 0; attempt < cfg.attempts; attempt++ {
 		n, err := c.Write(msg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}

 		c.SetReadTimeout(int64(cfg.timeout) * 1e9) // nanoseconds

 		buf := make([]byte, 2000) // More than enough.
 		n, err = c.Read(buf)
 		if err != nil {
 			if e, ok := err.(Error); ok && e.Timeout() {
 				continue
 			}
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		buf = buf[0:n]
 		in := new(dnsMsg)
 		if !in.Unpack(buf) || in.id != out.id {
 			continue
 		}
 		return in, nil
 	}
 	var server string
 	if a := c.RemoteAddr(); a != nil {
 		server = a.String()
 	}
 	return nil, &DNSError{Error: "no answer from server", Name: name, Server: server, IsTimeout: true}
 }


 // Find answer for name in dns message.
 // On return, if err == nil, addrs != nil.
 func answer(name, server string, dns *dnsMsg, qtype uint16) (cname string, addrs []dnsRR, err os.Error) {
 	addrs = make([]dnsRR, 0, len(dns.answer))

 	if dns.rcode == dnsRcodeNameError && dns.recursion_available {
 		return "", nil, &DNSError{Error: noSuchHost, Name: name}
 	}
 	if dns.rcode != dnsRcodeSuccess {
 		// None of the error codes make sense
 		// for the query we sent.  If we didn't get
 		// a name error and we didn't get success,
 		// the server is behaving incorrectly.
 		return "", nil, &DNSError{Error: "server misbehaving", Name: name, Server: server}
 	}

 	// Look for the name.
 	// Presotto says it's okay to assume that servers listed in
 	// /etc/resolv.conf are recursive resolvers.
 	// We asked for recursion, so it should have included
 	// all the answers we need in this one packet.
 Cname:
 	for cnameloop := 0; cnameloop < 10; cnameloop++ {
 		addrs = addrs[0:0]
 		for i := 0; i < len(dns.answer); i++ {
 			rr := dns.answer[i]
 			h := rr.Header()
 			if h.Class == dnsClassINET && h.Name == name {
 				switch h.Rrtype {
 				case qtype:
 					n := len(addrs)
 					addrs = addrs[0 : n+1]
 					addrs[n] = rr
 				case dnsTypeCNAME:
 					// redirect to cname
 					name = rr.(*dnsRR_CNAME).Cname
 					continue Cname
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		if len(addrs) == 0 {
 			return "", nil, &DNSError{Error: noSuchHost, Name: name, Server: server}
 		}
 		return name, addrs, nil
 	}

 	return "", nil, &DNSError{Error: "too many redirects", Name: name, Server: server}
 }

 // Do a lookup for a single name, which must be rooted
 // (otherwise answer will not find the answers).
 func tryOneName(cfg *dnsConfig, name string, qtype uint16) (cname string, addrs []dnsRR, err os.Error) {
 	if len(cfg.servers) == 0 {
 		return "", nil, &DNSError{Error: "no DNS servers", Name: name}
 	}
 	for i := 0; i < len(cfg.servers); i++ {
 		// Calling Dial here is scary -- we have to be sure
 		// not to dial a name that will require a DNS lookup,
 		// or Dial will call back here to translate it.
 		// The DNS config parser has already checked that
 		// all the cfg.servers[i] are IP addresses, which
 		// Dial will use without a DNS lookup.
 		server := cfg.servers[i] + ":53"
 		c, cerr := Dial("udp", "", server)
 		if cerr != nil {
 			err = cerr
 			continue
 		}
 		msg, merr := exchange(cfg, c, name, qtype)
 		c.Close()
 		if merr != nil {
 			err = merr
 			continue
 		}
 		cname, addrs, err = answer(name, server, msg, qtype)
 		if err == nil || err.(*DNSError).Error == noSuchHost {
 			break
 		}
 	}
 	return
 }

 func convertRR_A(records []dnsRR) []string {
 	addrs := make([]string, len(records))
 	for i := 0; i < len(records); i++ {
 		rr := records[i]
 		a := rr.(*dnsRR_A).A
 		addrs[i] = IPv4(byte(a>>24), byte(a>>16), byte(a>>8), byte(a)).String()
 	}
 	return addrs
 }

 var cfg *dnsConfig
 var dnserr os.Error

 func loadConfig() { cfg, dnserr = dnsReadConfig() }

 func isDomainName(s string) bool {
 	// See RFC 1035, RFC 3696.
 	if len(s) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}
 	if len(s) > 255 {
 		return false
 	}
 	if s[len(s)-1] != '.' { // simplify checking loop: make name end in dot
 		s += "."
 	}

 	last := byte('.')
 	ok := false // ok once we've seen a letter
 	partlen := 0
 	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
 		c := s[i]
 		switch {
 		default:
 			return false
 		case 'a' <= c && c <= 'z' || 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z' || c == '_':
 			ok = true
 			partlen++
 		case '0' <= c && c <= '9':
 			// fine
 			partlen++
 		case c == '-':
 			// byte before dash cannot be dot
 			if last == '.' {
 				return false
 			}
 			partlen++
 		case c == '.':
 			// byte before dot cannot be dot, dash
 			if last == '.' || last == '-' {
 				return false
 			}
 			if partlen > 63 || partlen == 0 {
 				return false
 			}
 			partlen = 0
 		}
 		last = c
 	}

 	return ok
 }

 var onceLoadConfig sync.Once

 func lookup(name string, qtype uint16) (cname string, addrs []dnsRR, err os.Error) {
 	if !isDomainName(name) {
 		return name, nil, &DNSError{Error: "invalid domain name", Name: name}
 	}
 	onceLoadConfig.Do(loadConfig)
 	if dnserr != nil || cfg == nil {
 		err = dnserr
 		return
 	}
 	// If name is rooted (trailing dot) or has enough dots,
 	// try it by itself first.
 	rooted := len(name) > 0 && name[len(name)-1] == '.'
 	if rooted || count(name, '.') >= cfg.ndots {
 		rname := name
 		if !rooted {
 			rname += "."
 		}
 		// Can try as ordinary name.
 		cname, addrs, err = tryOneName(cfg, rname, qtype)
 		if err == nil {
 			return
 		}
 	}
 	if rooted {
 		return
 	}

 	// Otherwise, try suffixes.
 	for i := 0; i < len(cfg.search); i++ {
 		rname := name + "." + cfg.search[i]
 		if rname[len(rname)-1] != '.' {
 			rname += "."
 		}
 		cname, addrs, err = tryOneName(cfg, rname, qtype)
 		if err == nil {
 			return
 		}
 	}

 	// Last ditch effort: try unsuffixed.
 	rname := name
 	if !rooted {
 		rname += "."
 	}
 	cname, addrs, err = tryOneName(cfg, rname, qtype)
 	if err == nil {
 		return
 	}
 	return
 }

 // LookupHost looks for name using the local hosts file and DNS resolver.
 // It returns the canonical name for the host and an array of that
 // host's addresses.
 func LookupHost(name string) (cname string, addrs []string, err os.Error) {
 	onceLoadConfig.Do(loadConfig)
 	if dnserr != nil || cfg == nil {
 		err = dnserr
 		return
 	}
 	// Use entries from /etc/hosts if they match.
 	addrs = lookupStaticHost(name)
 	if len(addrs) > 0 {
 		cname = name
 		return
 	}
 	var records []dnsRR
 	cname, records, err = lookup(name, dnsTypeA)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	addrs = convertRR_A(records)
 	return
 }

 type SRV struct {
 	Target   string
 	Port     uint16
 	Priority uint16
 	Weight   uint16
 }

 // LookupSRV tries to resolve an SRV query of the given service,
 // protocol, and domain name, as specified in RFC 2782. In most cases
 // the proto argument can be the same as the corresponding
 // Addr.Network().
 func LookupSRV(service, proto, name string) (cname string, addrs []*SRV, err os.Error) {
 	target := "_" + service + "._" + proto + "." + name
 	var records []dnsRR
 	cname, records, err = lookup(target, dnsTypeSRV)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	addrs = make([]*SRV, len(records))
 	for i := 0; i < len(records); i++ {
 		r := records[i].(*dnsRR_SRV)
 		addrs[i] = &SRV{r.Target, r.Port, r.Priority, r.Weight}
 	}
 	return
 }

 type MX struct {
 	Host string
 	Pref uint16
 }

 func LookupMX(name string) (entries []*MX, err os.Error) {
 	var records []dnsRR
 	_, records, err = lookup(name, dnsTypeMX)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	entries = make([]*MX, len(records))
 	for i := range records {
 		r := records[i].(*dnsRR_MX)
 		entries[i] = &MX{r.Mx, r.Pref}
 	}
 	return
 }

 // reverseaddr returns the in-addr.arpa. or ip6.arpa. hostname of the IP
 // address addr suitable for rDNS (PTR) record lookup or an error if it fails
 // to parse the IP address.
 func reverseaddr(addr string) (arpa string, err os.Error) {
 	ip := ParseIP(addr)
 	if ip == nil {
 		return "", &DNSError{Error: "unrecognized address", Name: addr}
 	}
 	if ip.To4() != nil {
 		return fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d.%d.%d.in-addr.arpa.", ip[15], ip[14], ip[13], ip[12]), nil
 	}
 	// Must be IPv6
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	// Add it, in reverse, to the buffer
 	for i := len(ip) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
 		s := fmt.Sprintf("%02x", ip[i])
 		buf.WriteByte(s[1])
 		buf.WriteByte('.')
 		buf.WriteByte(s[0])
 		buf.WriteByte('.')
 	}
 	// Append "ip6.arpa." and return (buf already has the final .)
 	return buf.String() + "ip6.arpa.", nil
 }

 // LookupAddr performs a reverse lookup for the given address, returning a list
 // of names mapping to that address.
 func LookupAddr(addr string) (name []string, err os.Error) {
 	name = lookupStaticAddr(addr)
 	if len(name) > 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	var arpa string
 	arpa, err = reverseaddr(addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	var records []dnsRR
 	_, records, err = lookup(arpa, dnsTypePTR)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	name = make([]string, len(records))
 	for i := range records {
 		r := records[i].(*dnsRR_PTR)
 		name[i] = r.Ptr
 	}
 	return
 }
	// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
	// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
	// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

	// DNS client: see RFC 1035.
	// Has to be linked into package net for Dial.

	// TODO(rsc):
	// Check periodically whether /etc/resolv.conf has changed.
	// Could potentially handle many outstanding lookups faster.
	// Could have a small cache.
	// Random UDP source port (net.Dial should do that for us).
	// Random request IDs.

	package net

	import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"rand"
	"sync"
	"time"
	)

	// DNSError represents a DNS lookup error.
	type DNSError struct {
	Error string // description of the error
	Name string // name looked for
	Server string // server used
	IsTimeout bool
	}

	func (e *DNSError) String() string {
	if e == nil {
	return "<nil>"
	}
	s := "lookup " + e.Name
	if e.Server != "" {
	s += " on " + e.Server
	}
	s += ": " + e.Error
	return s
	}

	func (e *DNSError) Timeout() bool { return e.IsTimeout }
	func (e *DNSError) Temporary() bool { return e.IsTimeout }

	const noSuchHost = "no such host"

	// Send a request on the connection and hope for a reply.
	// Up to cfg.attempts attempts.
	func exchange(cfg dnsConfig, c Conn, name string, qtype uint16) (dnsMsg, os.Error) {
	if len(name) >= 256 {
	return nil, &DNSError{Error: "name too long", Name: name}
	}
	out := new(dnsMsg)
	out.id = uint16(rand.Int()) ^ uint16(time.Nanoseconds())
	out.question = []dnsQuestion{
	{name, qtype, dnsClassINET},
	}
	out.recursion_desired = true
	msg, ok := out.Pack()
	if !ok {
	return nil, &DNSError{Error: "internal error - cannot pack message", Name: name}
	}

	for attempt := 0; attempt < cfg.attempts; attempt++ {
	n, err := c.Write(msg)
	if err != nil {
	return nil, err
	}

	c.SetReadTimeout(int64(cfg.timeout) * 1e9) // nanoseconds

	buf := make([]byte, 2000) // More than enough.
	n, err = c.Read(buf)
	if err != nil {
	if e, ok := err.(Error); ok && e.Timeout() {
	continue
	}
	return nil, err
	}
	buf = buf[0:n]
	in := new(dnsMsg)
	if !in.Unpack(buf) \|\| in.id != out.id {
	continue
	}
	return in, nil
	}
	var server string
	if a := c.RemoteAddr(); a != nil {
	server = a.String()
	}
	return nil, &DNSError{Error: "no answer from server", Name: name, Server: server, IsTimeout: true}
	}


	// Find answer for name in dns message.
	// On return, if err == nil, addrs != nil.
	func answer(name, server string, dns *dnsMsg, qtype uint16) (cname string, addrs []dnsRR, err os.Error) {
	addrs = make([]dnsRR, 0, len(dns.answer))

	if dns.rcode == dnsRcodeNameError && dns.recursion_available {
	return "", nil, &DNSError{Error: noSuchHost, Name: name}
	}
	if dns.rcode != dnsRcodeSuccess {
	// None of the error codes make sense
	// for the query we sent. If we didn't get
	// a name error and we didn't get success,
	// the server is behaving incorrectly.
	return "", nil, &DNSError{Error: "server misbehaving", Name: name, Server: server}
	}

	// Look for the name.
	// Presotto says it's okay to assume that servers listed in
	// /etc/resolv.conf are recursive resolvers.
	// We asked for recursion, so it should have included
	// all the answers we need in this one packet.
	Cname:
	for cnameloop := 0; cnameloop < 10; cnameloop++ {
	addrs = addrs[0:0]
	for i := 0; i < len(dns.answer); i++ {
	rr := dns.answer[i]
	h := rr.Header()
	if h.Class == dnsClassINET && h.Name == name {
	switch h.Rrtype {
	case qtype:
	n := len(addrs)
	addrs = addrs[0 : n+1]
	addrs[n] = rr
	case dnsTypeCNAME:
	// redirect to cname
	name = rr.(*dnsRR_CNAME).Cname
	continue Cname
	}
	}
	}
	if len(addrs) == 0 {
	return "", nil, &DNSError{Error: noSuchHost, Name: name, Server: server}
	}
	return name, addrs, nil
	}

	return "", nil, &DNSError{Error: "too many redirects", Name: name, Server: server}
	}

	// Do a lookup for a single name, which must be rooted
	// (otherwise answer will not find the answers).
	func tryOneName(cfg *dnsConfig, name string, qtype uint16) (cname string, addrs []dnsRR, err os.Error) {
	if len(cfg.servers) == 0 {
	return "", nil, &DNSError{Error: "no DNS servers", Name: name}
	}
	for i := 0; i < len(cfg.servers); i++ {
	// Calling Dial here is scary -- we have to be sure
	// not to dial a name that will require a DNS lookup,
	// or Dial will call back here to translate it.
	// The DNS config parser has already checked that
	// all the cfg.servers[i] are IP addresses, which
	// Dial will use without a DNS lookup.
	server := cfg.servers[i] + ":53"
	c, cerr := Dial("udp", "", server)
	if cerr != nil {
	err = cerr
	continue
	}
	msg, merr := exchange(cfg, c, name, qtype)
	c.Close()
	if merr != nil {
	err = merr
	continue
	}
	cname, addrs, err = answer(name, server, msg, qtype)
	if err == nil \|\| err.(*DNSError).Error == noSuchHost {
	break
	}
	}
	return
	}

	func convertRR_A(records []dnsRR) []string {
	addrs := make([]string, len(records))
	for i := 0; i < len(records); i++ {
	rr := records[i]
	a := rr.(*dnsRR_A).A
	addrs[i] = IPv4(byte(a>>24), byte(a>>16), byte(a>>8), byte(a)).String()
	}
	return addrs
	}

	var cfg *dnsConfig
	var dnserr os.Error

	func loadConfig() { cfg, dnserr = dnsReadConfig() }

	func isDomainName(s string) bool {
	// See RFC 1035, RFC 3696.
	if len(s) == 0 {
	return false
	}
	if len(s) > 255 {
	return false
	}
	if s[len(s)-1] != '.' { // simplify checking loop: make name end in dot
	s += "."
	}

	last := byte('.')
	ok := false // ok once we've seen a letter
	partlen := 0
	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
	c := s[i]
	switch {
	default:
	return false
	case 'a' <= c && c <= 'z' \|\| 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z' \|\| c == '_':
	ok = true
	partlen++
	case '0' <= c && c <= '9':
	// fine
	partlen++
	case c == '-':
	// byte before dash cannot be dot
	if last == '.' {
	return false
	}
	partlen++
	case c == '.':
	// byte before dot cannot be dot, dash
	if last == '.' \|\| last == '-' {
	return false
	}
	if partlen > 63 \|\| partlen == 0 {
	return false
	}
	partlen = 0
	}
	last = c
	}

	return ok
	}

	var onceLoadConfig sync.Once

	func lookup(name string, qtype uint16) (cname string, addrs []dnsRR, err os.Error) {
	if !isDomainName(name) {
	return name, nil, &DNSError{Error: "invalid domain name", Name: name}
	}
	onceLoadConfig.Do(loadConfig)
	if dnserr != nil \|\| cfg == nil {
	err = dnserr
	return
	}
	// If name is rooted (trailing dot) or has enough dots,
	// try it by itself first.
	rooted := len(name) > 0 && name[len(name)-1] == '.'
	if rooted \|\| count(name, '.') >= cfg.ndots {
	rname := name
	if !rooted {
	rname += "."
	}
	// Can try as ordinary name.
	cname, addrs, err = tryOneName(cfg, rname, qtype)
	if err == nil {
	return
	}
	}
	if rooted {
	return
	}

	// Otherwise, try suffixes.
	for i := 0; i < len(cfg.search); i++ {
	rname := name + "." + cfg.search[i]
	if rname[len(rname)-1] != '.' {
	rname += "."
	}
	cname, addrs, err = tryOneName(cfg, rname, qtype)
	if err == nil {
	return
	}
	}

	// Last ditch effort: try unsuffixed.
	rname := name
	if !rooted {
	rname += "."
	}
	cname, addrs, err = tryOneName(cfg, rname, qtype)
	if err == nil {
	return
	}
	return
	}

	// LookupHost looks for name using the local hosts file and DNS resolver.
	// It returns the canonical name for the host and an array of that
	// host's addresses.
	func LookupHost(name string) (cname string, addrs []string, err os.Error) {
	onceLoadConfig.Do(loadConfig)
	if dnserr != nil \|\| cfg == nil {
	err = dnserr
	return
	}
	// Use entries from /etc/hosts if they match.
	addrs = lookupStaticHost(name)
	if len(addrs) > 0 {
	cname = name
	return
	}
	var records []dnsRR
	cname, records, err = lookup(name, dnsTypeA)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	addrs = convertRR_A(records)
	return
	}

	type SRV struct {
	Target string
	Port uint16
	Priority uint16
	Weight uint16
	}

	// LookupSRV tries to resolve an SRV query of the given service,
	// protocol, and domain name, as specified in RFC 2782. In most cases
	// the proto argument can be the same as the corresponding
	// Addr.Network().
	func LookupSRV(service, proto, name string) (cname string, addrs []*SRV, err os.Error) {
	target := "_" + service + "._" + proto + "." + name
	var records []dnsRR
	cname, records, err = lookup(target, dnsTypeSRV)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	addrs = make([]*SRV, len(records))
	for i := 0; i < len(records); i++ {
	r := records[i].(*dnsRR_SRV)
	addrs[i] = &SRV{r.Target, r.Port, r.Priority, r.Weight}
	}
	return
	}

	type MX struct {
	Host string
	Pref uint16
	}

	func LookupMX(name string) (entries []*MX, err os.Error) {
	var records []dnsRR
	_, records, err = lookup(name, dnsTypeMX)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	entries = make([]*MX, len(records))
	for i := range records {
	r := records[i].(*dnsRR_MX)
	entries[i] = &MX{r.Mx, r.Pref}
	}
	return
	}

	// reverseaddr returns the in-addr.arpa. or ip6.arpa. hostname of the IP
	// address addr suitable for rDNS (PTR) record lookup or an error if it fails
	// to parse the IP address.
	func reverseaddr(addr string) (arpa string, err os.Error) {
	ip := ParseIP(addr)
	if ip == nil {
	return "", &DNSError{Error: "unrecognized address", Name: addr}
	}
	if ip.To4() != nil {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d.%d.%d.in-addr.arpa.", ip[15], ip[14], ip[13], ip[12]), nil
	}
	// Must be IPv6
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	// Add it, in reverse, to the buffer
	for i := len(ip) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
	s := fmt.Sprintf("%02x", ip[i])
	buf.WriteByte(s[1])
	buf.WriteByte('.')
	buf.WriteByte(s[0])
	buf.WriteByte('.')
	}
	// Append "ip6.arpa." and return (buf already has the final .)
	return buf.String() + "ip6.arpa.", nil
	}

	// LookupAddr performs a reverse lookup for the given address, returning a list
	// of names mapping to that address.
	func LookupAddr(addr string) (name []string, err os.Error) {
	name = lookupStaticAddr(addr)
	if len(name) > 0 {
	return
	}
	var arpa string
	arpa, err = reverseaddr(addr)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	var records []dnsRR
	_, records, err = lookup(arpa, dnsTypePTR)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	name = make([]string, len(records))
	for i := range records {
	r := records[i].(*dnsRR_PTR)
	name[i] = r.Ptr
	}
	return
	}