diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/mod/example.com_retract_missingmod_v1.0.0.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/mod/example.com_retract_missingmod_v1.0.0.txt
index 2023c7b..1d8d810 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/mod/example.com_retract_missingmod_v1.0.0.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/mod/example.com_retract_missingmod_v1.0.0.txt
@@ -6,3 +6,5 @@
 go 1.14
 -- .info --
 {"Version":"v1.0.0"}
+-- missingmod.go --
+package missingmod
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_auth.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_auth.txt
index 5bcbcd1..544acbc 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_auth.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_auth.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Without credentials, downloading a module from a path that requires HTTPS
 # basic auth should fail.
 env NETRC=$WORK/empty
-! go list all
+! go mod tidy
 stderr '^\tserver response: ACCESS DENIED, buddy$'
 stderr '^\tserver response: File\? What file\?$'
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_case.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_case.txt
index ee818c2..6f8d869 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_case.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_case.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 
-go get rsc.io/QUOTE
+go get -d
 go list -m all
 stdout '^rsc.io/quote v1.5.2'
 stdout '^rsc.io/QUOTE v1.5.2'
@@ -18,3 +18,8 @@
 
 -- go.mod --
 module x
+
+-- use.go --
+package use
+
+import _ "rsc.io/QUOTE/QUOTE"
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_concurrent.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_concurrent.txt
index e03e5e5..8c21525 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_concurrent.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_concurrent.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 
 # Concurrent builds should succeed, even if they need to download modules.
+go get -d ./x ./y
 go build ./x &
 go build ./y
 wait
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_doc.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_doc.txt
index aac3db00..595ad67 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_doc.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_doc.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # go doc should find module documentation
 
 env GO111MODULE=on
+env GOFLAGS=-mod=mod
 [short] skip
 
 # Check when module x is inside GOPATH/src.
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
 # path used in source code, not to the absolute path relative to GOROOT.
 
 cd $GOROOT/src
+env GOFLAGS=
 go doc cryptobyte
 stdout '// import "golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte"'
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_domain_root.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_domain_root.txt
index e34cc29..14745b5 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_domain_root.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_domain_root.txt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # (example.com not example.com/something)
 
 env GO111MODULE=on
-go build
+go get -d
 
 -- go.mod --
 module x
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_download.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_download.txt
index 5acb832..b9bf67c 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_download.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_download.txt
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 ! exists $GOPATH/pkg/mod/cache/download/rsc.io/quote/@v/v1.5.3-pre1.zip
 
 # module loading will page in the info and mod files
-go list -m all
+go list -m -mod=mod all
 exists $GOPATH/pkg/mod/cache/download/rsc.io/quote/@v/v1.5.3-pre1.info
 exists $GOPATH/pkg/mod/cache/download/rsc.io/quote/@v/v1.5.3-pre1.mod
 ! exists $GOPATH/pkg/mod/cache/download/rsc.io/quote/@v/v1.5.3-pre1.zip
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_download_partial.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_download_partial.txt
index 4978982..8d31970 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_download_partial.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_download_partial.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-# Download a module
-go mod download -modcacherw rsc.io/quote
+# Download modules and populate go.sum.
+go get -d -modcacherw
 exists $GOPATH/pkg/mod/rsc.io/quote@v1.5.2/go.mod
 
 # 'go mod verify' should fail if we delete a file.
@@ -61,4 +61,9 @@
 
 require rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
 
+-- use.go --
+package use
+
+import _ "rsc.io/quote"
+
 -- empty --
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_incompatible.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_incompatible.txt
index b210715..b28718a 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_incompatible.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_incompatible.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 
-go list x
+go get -d x
 go list -m all
 stdout 'rsc.io/breaker v2.0.0\+incompatible'
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_indirect.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_indirect.txt
index f25e170..e1cc1ab 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_indirect.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_indirect.txt
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 # indirect tag should be removed upon seeing direct import.
 cp $WORK/tmp/uselang.go x.go
-go list
+go get -d
 grep 'rsc.io/quote v1.5.2$' go.mod
 grep 'golang.org/x/text [v0-9a-f\.-]+$' go.mod
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_latest_pseudo.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_latest_pseudo.txt
index 825ee8c..241a0c2 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_latest_pseudo.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_latest_pseudo.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 
 go mod init m
-go list example.com/notags
+go get -d example.com/notags
 go list -m all
 stdout '^example.com/notags v0.0.0-20190507143103-cc8cbe209b64$'
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_trailing_slash.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_trailing_slash.txt
index 7b5d90c..3b38d8b 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_trailing_slash.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_get_trailing_slash.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# Populate go.sum
+go mod download
+
 # go list should succeed to load a package ending with ".go" if the path does
 # not correspond to an existing local file. Listing a pattern ending with
 # ".go/" should try to list a package regardless of whether a file exists at the
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_import.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_import.txt
index 3985b43..28358b5 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_import.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_import.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 
 # latest rsc.io/quote should be v1.5.2 not v1.5.3-pre1
-go list
+go get -d
 go list -m all
 stdout 'rsc.io/quote v1.5.2'
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_in_testdata_dir.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_in_testdata_dir.txt
index f582569..66f79fa 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_in_testdata_dir.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_in_testdata_dir.txt
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 cd $WORK/testdata
 go mod init testdata.tld/foo
 
-# Building a package within that module should resolve its dependencies.
-go build
+# Getting a package within that module should resolve its dependencies.
+go get -d
 grep 'rsc.io/quote' go.mod
 
 # Tidying the module should preserve those dependencies.
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 cd $WORK/_ignored
 go mod init testdata.tld/foo
 
-go build
+go get
 grep 'rsc.io/quote' go.mod
 
 go mod tidy
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_init_dep.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_init_dep.txt
index 755076e..f8cf1d5 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_init_dep.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_init_dep.txt
@@ -1,24 +1,14 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
+env GOFLAGS=-mod=mod
 
 # modconv uses git directly to examine what old 'go get' would
 [!net] skip
 [!exec:git] skip
 
-# go build should populate go.mod from Gopkg.lock
-cp go.mod1 go.mod
-go build
+# go mod init should populate go.mod from Gopkg.lock
+go mod init x
 stderr 'copying requirements from Gopkg.lock'
 go list -m all
-! stderr 'copying requirements from Gopkg.lock'
-stdout 'rsc.io/sampler v1.0.0'
-
-# go list should populate go.mod from Gopkg.lock
-cp go.mod1 go.mod
-go list
-stderr 'copying requirements from Gopkg.lock'
-go list
-! stderr 'copying requirements from Gopkg.lock'
-go list -m all
 stdout 'rsc.io/sampler v1.0.0'
 
 # test dep replacement
@@ -26,9 +16,6 @@
 go mod init
 cmpenv go.mod go.mod.replace
 
--- go.mod1 --
-module x
-
 -- x.go --
 package x
 
@@ -54,4 +41,4 @@
 
 replace z v1.0.0 => rsc.io/quote v1.0.0
 
-require rsc.io/quote v1.0.0
\ No newline at end of file
+require rsc.io/quote v1.0.0
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_install_versioned.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_install_versioned.txt
index 03986d0..c6bce41 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_install_versioned.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_install_versioned.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 
+go get -d rsc.io/fortune
 go list -f '{{.Target}}' rsc.io/fortune
 ! stdout fortune@v1
 stdout 'fortune(\.exe)?$'
 
+go get -d rsc.io/fortune/v2
 go list -f '{{.Target}}' rsc.io/fortune/v2
 ! stdout v2
 stdout 'fortune(\.exe)?$'
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_internal.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_internal.txt
index 1193d52..687269d 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_internal.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_internal.txt
@@ -3,30 +3,34 @@
 
 # golang.org/x/internal should be importable from other golang.org/x modules.
 go mod edit -module=golang.org/x/anything
-go build .
+go get -d .
 
 # ...and their tests...
 go test
 stdout PASS
 
 # ...but that should not leak into other modules.
+go get -d ./baddep
 ! go build ./baddep
 stderr golang.org[/\\]notx[/\\]useinternal
 stderr 'use of internal package golang.org/x/.* not allowed'
 
 # Internal packages in the standard library should not leak into modules.
+go get -d ./fromstd
 ! go build ./fromstd
 stderr 'use of internal package internal/testenv not allowed'
 
 # Dependencies should be able to use their own internal modules...
 go mod edit -module=golang.org/notx
-go build ./throughdep
+go get -d ./throughdep
 
 # ... but other modules should not, even if they have transitive dependencies.
+go get -d .
 ! go build .
 stderr 'use of internal package golang.org/x/.* not allowed'
 
 # And transitive dependencies still should not leak.
+go get -d ./baddep
 ! go build ./baddep
 stderr golang.org[/\\]notx[/\\]useinternal
 stderr 'use of internal package golang.org/x/.* not allowed'
@@ -34,15 +38,17 @@
 # Replacing an internal module should keep it internal to the same paths.
 go mod edit -module=golang.org/notx
 go mod edit -replace golang.org/x/internal=./replace/golang.org/notx/internal
-go build ./throughdep
+go get -d ./throughdep
 
+go get -d ./baddep
 ! go build ./baddep
 stderr golang.org[/\\]notx[/\\]useinternal
 stderr 'use of internal package golang.org/x/.* not allowed'
 
 go mod edit -replace golang.org/x/internal=./vendor/golang.org/x/internal
-go build ./throughdep
+go get -d ./throughdep
 
+go get -d ./baddep
 ! go build ./baddep
 stderr golang.org[/\\]notx[/\\]useinternal
 stderr 'use of internal package golang.org/x/.* not allowed'
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_invalid_version.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_invalid_version.txt
index 6dddd4b..f9dfdd6 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_invalid_version.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_invalid_version.txt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 env GOPROXY=direct
 env GOSUMDB=off
+env GOFLAGS=-mod=mod
 
 # Regression test for golang.org/issue/27173: if the user (or go.mod file)
 # requests a pseudo-version that does not match both the module path and commit
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list.txt
index 17b33fc..1ba6d7c 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list.txt
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 [short] skip
 
 # list {{.Dir}} shows main module and go.mod but not not-yet-downloaded dependency dir.
-go list -m -f '{{.Path}} {{.Main}} {{.GoMod}} {{.Dir}}' all
+go list -mod=mod -m -f '{{.Path}} {{.Main}} {{.GoMod}} {{.Dir}}' all
 stdout '^x true .*[\\/]src[\\/]go.mod .*[\\/]src$'
 stdout '^rsc.io/quote false .*[\\/]v1.5.2.mod $'
 
 # list {{.Dir}} shows dependency after download (and go list without -m downloads it)
-go list -f '{{.Dir}}' rsc.io/quote
+go list -mod=mod -f '{{.Dir}}' rsc.io/quote
 stdout '.*mod[\\/]rsc.io[\\/]quote@v1.5.2$'
 
 # downloaded dependencies are read-only
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 # list {{.Dir}} shows replaced directories
 cp go.mod2 go.mod
-go list -f {{.Dir}} rsc.io/quote
+go list -mod=mod -f {{.Dir}} rsc.io/quote
 go list -m -f '{{.Path}} {{.Version}} {{.Dir}}{{with .Replace}} {{.GoMod}} => {{.Version}} {{.Dir}} {{.GoMod}}{{end}}' all
 stdout 'mod[\\/]rsc.io[\\/]quote@v1.5.1'
 stdout 'v1.3.0.*mod[\\/]rsc.io[\\/]sampler@v1.3.1 .*[\\/]v1.3.1.mod => v1.3.1.*sampler@v1.3.1 .*[\\/]v1.3.1.mod'
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 stdout ^math/big
 
 # rsc.io/quote/buggy should be listable as a package
-go list rsc.io/quote/buggy
+go list -mod=mod rsc.io/quote/buggy
 
 # rsc.io/quote/buggy should not be listable as a module
 go list -m -e -f '{{.Error.Err}}' nonexist rsc.io/quote/buggy
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_dir.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_dir.txt
index 6653435..1adab8f 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_dir.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_dir.txt
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 # go list with path to directory should work
 
+# populate go.sum
+go get -d
+
 env GO111MODULE=off
 go list -f '{{.ImportPath}}' $GOROOT/src/math
 stdout ^math$
@@ -29,3 +32,5 @@
 
 -- x.go --
 package x
+
+import _ "rsc.io/quote"
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_direct.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_direct.txt
index 8f85871..62a472f 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_direct.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_direct.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 # For a while, (*modfetch.codeRepo).Stat was not checking for a go.mod file,
 # which would produce a hard error at the subsequent call to GoMod.
 
-go list all
+go get -d
 
 -- go.mod --
 module example.com
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_replace_dir.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_replace_dir.txt
index cad7fe2..f2f2d2b 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_replace_dir.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_replace_dir.txt
@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 # module within the module cache.
 # Verifies golang.org/issue/29548
 
-env GO111MODULE=on
-go mod download rsc.io/quote@v1.5.1 rsc.io/quote@v1.5.2
+# Populate go.sum and download dependencies.
+go get -d
+
+# Ensure v1.5.2 is also in the cache so we can list it.
+go mod download rsc.io/quote@v1.5.2
 
 ! go list $GOPATH/pkg/mod/rsc.io/quote@v1.5.2
 stderr '^directory ..[/\\]pkg[/\\]mod[/\\]rsc.io[/\\]quote@v1.5.2 outside available modules$'
@@ -17,3 +20,8 @@
 require rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
 
 replace rsc.io/quote => rsc.io/quote v1.5.1
+
+-- use.go --
+package use
+
+import _ "rsc.io/quote"
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_upgrade.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_upgrade.txt
index 474df0d..0cef04b 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_upgrade.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_list_upgrade.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 
+# Populate go.sum
+go list -m -mod=mod all
+
+# Check for upgrades.
 go list -m -u all
 stdout 'rsc.io/quote v1.2.0 \[v1\.5\.2\]'
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badchain.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badchain.txt
index 67d9a15..e943179 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badchain.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badchain.txt
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@
 # Try listing a package that imports a package
 # in a module without a requirement.
 go mod edit -droprequire example.com/badchain/a
-! go list m/use
+! go list -mod=mod m/use
 cmp stderr list-missing-expected
 
-! go list -test m/testuse
+! go list -mod=mod -test m/testuse
 cmp stderr list-missing-test-expected
 
 -- go.mod.orig --
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badmod.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badmod.txt
index 68c8b37..fa22e18 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badmod.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badmod.txt
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 # Unknown lines should be ignored in dependency go.mod files.
-env GO111MODULE=on
-go list -m all
+go list -m -mod=mod all
 
 # ... and in replaced dependency go.mod files.
 cp go.mod go.mod.usesub
-go list -m all
+go list -m -mod=mod all
 
 # ... but not in the main module.
 cp go.mod.bad go.mod
-! go list -m all
+! go list -m -mod=mod all
 stderr 'unknown directive: hello'
 
 -- go.mod --
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badzip.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badzip.txt
index c5ba18e..65374d2 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badzip.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_load_badzip.txt
@@ -5,10 +5,8 @@
 stderr 'zip for rsc.io/badzip@v1.0.0 has unexpected file rsc.io/badzip@v1.0.0.txt'
 ! grep rsc.io/badzip go.mod
 
-# TODO(golang.org/issue/31730): 'go build' should print the error below if the
-# requirement is not present.
 go mod edit -require rsc.io/badzip@v1.0.0
-! go build rsc.io/badzip
+! go build -mod=mod rsc.io/badzip
 stderr 'zip for rsc.io/badzip@v1.0.0 has unexpected file rsc.io/badzip@v1.0.0.txt'
 
 -- go.mod --
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_missingpkg_prerelease.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_missingpkg_prerelease.txt
index 1ba8d3d..9c250e7 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_missingpkg_prerelease.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_missingpkg_prerelease.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 
-! go list -deps use.go
+! go list -mod=mod -deps use.go
 stderr '^use.go:4:2: package example.com/missingpkg/deprecated provided by example.com/missingpkg at latest version v1.0.0 but not at required version v1.0.1-beta$'
 
 -- go.mod --
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_modinfo.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_modinfo.txt
index fb31f9e..d9e9fde 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_modinfo.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_modinfo.txt
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 cd x
 go mod edit -require=rsc.io/quote@v1.5.2
 go mod edit -replace=rsc.io/quote@v1.5.2=rsc.io/quote@v1.0.0
+go mod tidy # populate go.sum
 
 # Build a binary and ensure that it can output its own debug info.
 # The debug info should be accessible before main starts (golang.org/issue/29628).
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_multirepo.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_multirepo.txt
index 7f977e8..0f335a1 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_multirepo.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_multirepo.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 # v2 import should use a downloaded module
 # both without an explicit go.mod entry ...
 cp tmp/use_v2.go x.go
+go get -d .
 go list -deps -f {{.Dir}}
 stdout 'pkg[\\/]mod[\\/]rsc.io[\\/]quote[\\/]v2@v2.0.1$'
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_notall.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_notall.txt
index 29ca606..1657c8d 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_notall.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_notall.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 # module, but not should not include test dependencies of packages imported only
 # by other root patterns.
 
+env GOFLAGS=-mod=mod
 cp go.mod go.mod.orig
 
 go list -deps all x/otherroot
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_permissions.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_permissions.txt
index 11fb475..2d32dcd 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_permissions.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_permissions.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 chmod 0604 go.sum
 go mod edit -module=golang.org/issue/34634
 
-go build .
+go get -d
 cmp go.mod go.mod.want
 cmp go.sum go.sum.want
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_query.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_query.txt
index e87ca30..e101857 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_query.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_query.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 
+# Populate go.sum.
+# TODO(golang.org/issue/41297): we shouldn't need go.sum. None of the commands
+# below depend on the build list.
+go mod download
+
 go list -m -versions rsc.io/quote
 stdout '^rsc.io/quote v1.0.0 v1.1.0 v1.2.0 v1.2.1 v1.3.0 v1.4.0 v1.5.0 v1.5.1 v1.5.2 v1.5.3-pre1$'
 
@@ -30,3 +35,8 @@
 -- go.mod --
 module x
 require rsc.io/quote v1.0.0
+
+-- use.go --
+package use
+
+import _ "rsc.io/quote"
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace.txt
index c21f172..dc9667f 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 cp go.mod go.mod.orig
 
 # Make sure the test builds without replacement.
-go build -o a1.exe .
+go build -mod=mod -o a1.exe .
 exec ./a1.exe
 stdout 'Don''t communicate by sharing memory'
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 # Modules that do not (yet) exist upstream can be replaced too.
 cp go.mod.orig go.mod
 go mod edit -replace=not-rsc.io/quote/v3@v3.1.0=./local/rsc.io/quote/v3
-go build -o a5.exe ./usenewmodule
+go build -mod=mod -o a5.exe ./usenewmodule
 ! stderr 'finding not-rsc.io/quote/v3'
 grep 'not-rsc.io/quote/v3 v3.1.0' go.mod
 exec ./a5.exe
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace_gopkgin.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace_gopkgin.txt
index 674c99c..df752d9 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace_gopkgin.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace_gopkgin.txt
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 env GOPROXY=direct
 env GOSUMDB=off
+env GOFLAGS=-mod=mod
 
 # Replacing gopkg.in/[…].vN with a repository with a root go.mod file
 # specifying […].vN and a compatible version should succeed, even if
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace_import.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace_import.txt
index 54b1a12..b4de5c5 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace_import.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_replace_import.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 cmp go.mod go.mod.orig
 
 # 'go list' should resolve imports using replacements.
+go get -d
 go list all
 stdout 'example.com/a/b$'
 stdout 'example.com/x/v3$'
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_require_exclude.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_require_exclude.txt
index 1a0fc30..9156d4c 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_require_exclude.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_require_exclude.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 # With the selected version excluded, commands that load only modules should
 # drop the excluded module.
 
-go list -m all
+go list -m -mod=mod all
 stderr '^go: dropping requirement on excluded version rsc.io/sampler v1\.99\.99$'
 stdout '^x$'
 ! stdout '^rsc.io/sampler'
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 # from the next-highest version.
 
 cp go.mod.orig go.mod
-go list -f '{{with .Module}}{{.Path}} {{.Version}}{{end}}' all
+go list -mod=mod -f '{{with .Module}}{{.Path}} {{.Version}}{{end}}' all
 stderr '^go: dropping requirement on excluded version rsc.io/sampler v1\.99\.99$'
 stdout '^x $'
 ! stdout '^rsc.io/sampler v1.99.99'
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@
 
 # build with newer version available
 cp go.mod2 go.mod
-go list -f '{{with .Module}}{{.Path}} {{.Version}}{{end}}' all
+go list -mod=mod -f '{{with .Module}}{{.Path}} {{.Version}}{{end}}' all
 stderr '^go: dropping requirement on excluded version rsc.io/quote v1\.5\.1$'
 stdout 'rsc.io/quote v1.5.2'
 
 # build with excluded newer version
 cp go.mod3 go.mod
-go list -f '{{with .Module}}{{.Path}} {{.Version}}{{end}}' all
+go list -mod=mod -f '{{with .Module}}{{.Path}} {{.Version}}{{end}}' all
 ! stderr '^go: dropping requirement'
 stdout 'rsc.io/quote v1.5.1'
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retention.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retention.txt
index 1d83e6c..a4441c4 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retention.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retention.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 # Control case: verify that go.mod.tidy is actually tidy.
 cp go.mod.tidy go.mod
-go list all
+go list -mod=mod all
 cmp go.mod go.mod.tidy
 
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 # "// indirect" comments should be removed if direct dependencies are seen.
 # changes.
 cp go.mod.indirect go.mod
-go list all
+go list -mod=mod all
 cmp go.mod go.mod.tidy
 
 # "// indirect" comments should be added if appropriate.
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 # A missing "go" version directive should be added.
 # However, that should not remove other redundant requirements.
 cp go.mod.nogo go.mod
-go list all
+go list -mod=mod all
 cmpenv go.mod go.mod.currentgo
 
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retract.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retract.txt
index 5d21902..a52e05b 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retract.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retract.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 cp go.mod go.mod.orig
 
+# Populate go.sum.
+go mod download
+
 # 'go list pkg' does not report an error when a retracted version is used.
 go list -e -f '{{if .Error}}{{.Error}}{{end}}' ./use
 ! stdout .
@@ -17,7 +20,7 @@
 
 # Importing a package from a module with a retracted latest version will
 # select the latest non-retracted version.
-go list ./use_self_prev
+go get -d ./use_self_prev
 go list -m example.com/retract/self/prev
 stdout '^example.com/retract/self/prev v1.1.0$'
 exists $GOPATH/pkg/mod/cache/download/example.com/retract/self/prev/@v/v1.9.0.mod
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retract_replace.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retract_replace.txt
index b710485..7aec438 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retract_replace.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_retract_replace.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # If the latest unretracted version of a module is replaced, 'go list' should
 # obtain retractions from the replacement.
 
+# Populate go.sum.
+go get -d
+
 # The latest version, v1.9.0, is not available on the proxy.
 ! go list -m -retracted example.com/retract/missingmod
 stderr '^go list -m: loading module retractions: example.com/retract/missingmod@v1.9.0:.*404 Not Found$'
@@ -24,9 +27,9 @@
 go list -m -retracted -f '{{if .Replace}}replaced{{end}}' example.com/retract
 ! stdout .
 go mod edit -replace example.com/retract@v1.0.0-good=example.com/retract@v1.0.0-bad
-go list -m -retracted -f '{{range .Retracted}}{{.}}{{end}}' example.com/retract
+go list -m -mod=mod -retracted -f '{{range .Retracted}}{{.}}{{end}}' example.com/retract
 stdout '^bad$'
-go list -m -retracted -f '{{with .Replace}}{{range .Retracted}}{{.}}{{end}}{{end}}' example.com/retract
+go list -m -mod=mod -retracted -f '{{with .Replace}}{{range .Retracted}}{{.}}{{end}}{{end}}' example.com/retract
 stdout '^bad$'
 
 -- go.mod --
@@ -38,6 +41,13 @@
 	example.com/retract v1.0.0-good
 	example.com/retract/missingmod v1.0.0
 )
+-- use.go --
+package use
+
+import (
+	_ "example.com/retract"
+	_ "example.com/retract/missingmod"
+)
 -- missingmod-v1.0.0/go.mod --
 module example.com/retract/missingmod
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_sum_lookup.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_sum_lookup.txt
index ed80a44..e021921 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_sum_lookup.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_sum_lookup.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 # When we attempt to resolve an import that doesn't exist, we should not save
 # hashes for downloaded modules.
 # Verifies golang.org/issue/36260.
-go list -e -tags=ignore ./noexist
+# TODO(golang.org/issue/26603): use 'go mod tidy -e' when implemented.
+go list -e -mod=mod -tags=ignore ./noexist
 ! exists go.sum
 
 # When an import is resolved successfully, we should only save hashes for
 # the module that provides the package, not for other modules looked up.
 # Verifies golang.org/issue/31580.
-go list ./exist
+go get -d ./exist
 grep '^example.com/join v1.1.0 h1:' go.sum
 ! grep '^example.com/join/subpkg' go.sum
 cp go.sum go.list.sum
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_sumdb_golang.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_sumdb_golang.txt
index d9fb63a..cc0b0da 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_sumdb_golang.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_sumdb_golang.txt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 # Should use the checksum database to validate new go.sum lines,
 # but not need to fetch any new data from the proxy.
 rm go.sum
-go list -x rsc.io/quote
+go list -mod=mod -x rsc.io/quote
 ! stderr github
 ! stderr proxy.golang.org/rsc.io/quote
 stderr sum.golang.org/tile
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 env TESTGOPROXY404=1
 go clean -modcache
 rm go.sum
-go list -x rsc.io/quote
+go list -mod=mod -x rsc.io/quote
 stderr 'proxy.golang.org.*404 testing'
 stderr github.com/rsc
 cmp go.sum saved.sum
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_symlink.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_symlink.txt
index 49bece2..dbc23fb 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_symlink.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_symlink.txt
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 [!symlink] skip
 
-# 'go list' should resolve modules of imported packages.
+# 'go get -d' should resolve modules of imported packages.
+go get -d
 go list -deps -f '{{.Module}}' .
 stdout golang.org/x/text
 
+go get -d ./subpkg
 go list -deps -f '{{.Module}}' ./subpkg
 stdout golang.org/x/text
 
 # Create a copy of the module using symlinks in src/links.
 mkdir links
 symlink links/go.mod -> $GOPATH/src/go.mod
+symlink links/go.sum -> $GOPATH/src/go.sum
 symlink links/issue.go -> $GOPATH/src/issue.go
 mkdir links/subpkg
 symlink links/subpkg/issue.go -> $GOPATH/src/subpkg/issue.go
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_test.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_test.txt
index 8f2da2f..50f0035 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_test.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_test.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
+env GOFLAGS=-mod=mod
 [short] skip
 
 # TODO(bcmills): Convert the 'go test' calls below to 'go list -test' once 'go
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_tidy_replace.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_tidy_replace.txt
index c3158f8..7b00bf1 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_tidy_replace.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_tidy_replace.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
+env GOFLAGS=-mod=mod
 [short] skip
 
 # golang.org/issue/30166: 'go mod tidy' should not crash if a replaced module is
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_upgrade_patch.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_upgrade_patch.txt
index 3939e54..1ef25b9 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_upgrade_patch.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_upgrade_patch.txt
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 [short] skip
 
 # Initially, we are at v1.0.0 for all dependencies.
+go get -d
 cp go.mod go.mod.orig
 go list -m all
 stdout '^patch.example.com/direct v1.0.0'
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_vcs_missing.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_vcs_missing.txt
index a755935..f8be43c 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_vcs_missing.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_vcs_missing.txt
@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@
 env GOPROXY=direct
 
 cd empty
-! go list launchpad.net/gocheck
+! go get -d launchpad.net/gocheck
 stderr '"bzr": executable file not found'
 cd ..
 
 # 1.11 used to give the cryptic error "cannot find module for path" here, but
 # only for a main package.
 cd main
-! go build
+! go build -mod=mod
 stderr '"bzr": executable file not found'
 cd ..
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_vendor_build.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_vendor_build.txt
index 0c359ce..4efda55 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_vendor_build.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_vendor_build.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 [short] skip
 
+# Populate go.mod and go.sum.
+go mod tidy
+
 # initial conditions: using sampler v1.3.0, not listed in go.mod.
 go list -deps
 stdout rsc.io/sampler
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_verify.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_verify.txt
index 3918400..43812d0 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_verify.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_verify.txt
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 # Packages below module root should not be mentioned in go.sum.
 rm go.sum
 go mod edit -droprequire rsc.io/quote
-go list rsc.io/quote/buggy # re-resolves import path and updates go.mod
+go get -d rsc.io/quote/buggy
 grep '^rsc.io/quote v1.5.2/go.mod ' go.sum
 ! grep buggy go.sum
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_why.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_why.txt
index 10a4f9f..c0ff464 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_why.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/mod_why.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 env GO111MODULE=on
 [short] skip
 
+# Populate go.sum.
+go mod tidy
+
 go list -test all
 stdout rsc.io/quote
 stdout golang.org/x/text/language
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/modfile_flag.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/modfile_flag.txt
index f05bf03..0ad0880 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/modfile_flag.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/modfile_flag.txt
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@
 # 'go list' and other commands with build flags should work.
 # They should update the alternate go.mod when a dependency is missing.
 go mod edit -droprequire rsc.io/quote
-go list .
+go list -mod=mod .
 grep rsc.io/quote go.alt.mod
-go build -n .
-go test -n .
+go build -n -mod=mod .
+go test -n -mod=mod .
 go get -d rsc.io/quote
 
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/version.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/version.txt
index 0123ac6..81ca698 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/version.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/version.txt
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 [short] skip
 
 # Check that 'go version' and 'go version -m' work on a binary built in module mode.
+go get -d rsc.io/fortune
 go build -o fortune.exe rsc.io/fortune
 go version fortune.exe
 stdout '^fortune.exe: .+'
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/version_replace.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/version_replace.txt
index b657086..ec98f4e 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/version_replace.txt
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/version_replace.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [short] skip
 
 go mod download example.com/printversion@v0.1.0 example.com/printversion@v1.0.0
-
+go get -d example.com/printversion@v0.1.0
 go install example.com/printversion
 
 go run example.com/printversion