[release-branch.go1.25] crypto/tls: prevent deadlock when client sends multiple key update messages

When we made setReadTrafficSecret send an alert when there are pending
handshake messages, we introduced a deadlock when the client sends
multiple key update messages that request a response, as handleKeyUpdate
will lock the mutex, and defer the unlocking until the end of the
function, but setReadTrafficSecret called sendAlert in the failure case,
which also tries to lock the mutex.

Add an argument to setReadTrafficSecret which lets the caller indicate
if the mutex is already locked, and if so, call sendAlertLocked instead
of sendAlert.

Thanks to Jakub Ciolek for reporting this issue.

Fixes #78334
Fixes CVE-2026-32283

Change-Id: Id8e56974233c910e0d66ba96eafbd2ea57832610
Reviewed-on: https://go-internal-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/3881
Reviewed-by: Damien Neil <dneil@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Husin <husin@google.com>
Reviewed-on: https://go-internal-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/3988
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/763555
Auto-Submit: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
TryBot-Bypass: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Junyang Shao <shaojunyang@google.com>

src/crypto/tls/conn.go

diff --git a/src/crypto/tls/conn.go b/src/crypto/tls/conn.go
index fa5b874..c6e6ec7 100644
--- a/src/crypto/tls/conn.go
+++ b/src/crypto/tls/conn.go
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@
 	}
 
 	newSecret := cipherSuite.nextTrafficSecret(c.in.trafficSecret)
-	if err := c.setReadTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, QUICEncryptionLevelInitial, newSecret); err != nil {
+	if err := c.setReadTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, QUICEncryptionLevelInitial, newSecret, keyUpdate.updateRequested); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -1701,12 +1701,16 @@
 // setReadTrafficSecret sets the read traffic secret for the given encryption level. If
 // being called at the same time as setWriteTrafficSecret, the caller must ensure the call
 // to setWriteTrafficSecret happens first so any alerts are sent at the write level.
-func (c *Conn) setReadTrafficSecret(suite *cipherSuiteTLS13, level QUICEncryptionLevel, secret []byte) error {
+func (c *Conn) setReadTrafficSecret(suite *cipherSuiteTLS13, level QUICEncryptionLevel, secret []byte, locked bool) error {
 	// Ensure that there are no buffered handshake messages before changing the
 	// read keys, since that can cause messages to be parsed that were encrypted
 	// using old keys which are no longer appropriate.
 	if c.hand.Len() != 0 {
-		c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+		if locked {
+			c.sendAlertLocked(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+		} else {
+			c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+		}
 		return errors.New("tls: handshake buffer not empty before setting read traffic secret")
 	}
 	c.in.setTrafficSecret(suite, level, secret)

src/crypto/tls/handshake_client_tls13.go

diff --git a/src/crypto/tls/handshake_client_tls13.go b/src/crypto/tls/handshake_client_tls13.go
index cf793a4..b0d489f 100644
--- a/src/crypto/tls/handshake_client_tls13.go
+++ b/src/crypto/tls/handshake_client_tls13.go
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@
 	clientSecret := handshakeSecret.ClientHandshakeTrafficSecret(hs.transcript)
 	c.setWriteTrafficSecret(hs.suite, QUICEncryptionLevelHandshake, clientSecret)
 	serverSecret := handshakeSecret.ServerHandshakeTrafficSecret(hs.transcript)
-	if err := c.setReadTrafficSecret(hs.suite, QUICEncryptionLevelHandshake, serverSecret); err != nil {
+	if err := c.setReadTrafficSecret(hs.suite, QUICEncryptionLevelHandshake, serverSecret, false); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@
 
 	hs.trafficSecret = hs.masterSecret.ClientApplicationTrafficSecret(hs.transcript)
 	serverSecret := hs.masterSecret.ServerApplicationTrafficSecret(hs.transcript)
-	if err := c.setReadTrafficSecret(hs.suite, QUICEncryptionLevelApplication, serverSecret); err != nil {
+	if err := c.setReadTrafficSecret(hs.suite, QUICEncryptionLevelApplication, serverSecret, false); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 

src/crypto/tls/handshake_server_tls13.go

diff --git a/src/crypto/tls/handshake_server_tls13.go b/src/crypto/tls/handshake_server_tls13.go
index a4b2059..318833e 100644
--- a/src/crypto/tls/handshake_server_tls13.go
+++ b/src/crypto/tls/handshake_server_tls13.go
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@
 	serverSecret := hs.handshakeSecret.ServerHandshakeTrafficSecret(hs.transcript)
 	c.setWriteTrafficSecret(hs.suite, QUICEncryptionLevelHandshake, serverSecret)
 	clientSecret := hs.handshakeSecret.ClientHandshakeTrafficSecret(hs.transcript)
-	if err := c.setReadTrafficSecret(hs.suite, QUICEncryptionLevelHandshake, clientSecret); err != nil {
+	if err := c.setReadTrafficSecret(hs.suite, QUICEncryptionLevelHandshake, clientSecret, false); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@
 		return errors.New("tls: invalid client finished hash")
 	}
 
-	if err := c.setReadTrafficSecret(hs.suite, QUICEncryptionLevelApplication, hs.trafficSecret); err != nil {
+	if err := c.setReadTrafficSecret(hs.suite, QUICEncryptionLevelApplication, hs.trafficSecret, false); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 

src/crypto/tls/handshake_test.go

diff --git a/src/crypto/tls/handshake_test.go b/src/crypto/tls/handshake_test.go
index c70b2aa..631712d 100644
--- a/src/crypto/tls/handshake_test.go
+++ b/src/crypto/tls/handshake_test.go
@@ -772,3 +772,51 @@
 	outBuf = append(outBuf, marshalled...)
 	return outBuf, nil
 }
+
+func TestMultipleKeyUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, requestUpdate := range []bool{true, false} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("requestUpdate=%t", requestUpdate), func(t *testing.T) {
+
+			c, s := localPipe(t)
+			cfg := testConfig.Clone()
+			cfg.MinVersion = VersionTLS13
+			cfg.MaxVersion = VersionTLS13
+			client := Client(c, testConfig)
+			server := Server(s, testConfig)
+
+			clientHandshakeDone := make(chan struct{})
+			go func() {
+				if err := client.Handshake(); err != nil {
+				}
+				close(clientHandshakeDone)
+				io.Copy(io.Discard, server)
+			}()
+
+			if err := server.Handshake(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("server handshake failed: %v\n", err)
+			}
+			<-clientHandshakeDone
+
+			c.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(1 * time.Second))
+			s.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(1 * time.Second))
+
+			kuMsg, err := (&keyUpdateMsg{updateRequested: requestUpdate}).marshal()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to marshal key update message: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			client.out.Lock()
+			if _, err := client.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeHandshake, append(kuMsg, kuMsg...)); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to write key update messages: %v", err)
+			}
+			client.out.Unlock()
+
+			_, err = io.Copy(io.Discard, client)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected multiple key update messages to cause an error, got nil")
+			} else if !strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "tls: unexpected message") {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}