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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Semaphore implementation exposed to Go.
// Intended use is provide a sleep and wakeup
// primitive that can be used in the contended case
// of other synchronization primitives.
// Thus it targets the same goal as Linux's futex,
// but it has much simpler semantics.
//
// That is, don't think of these as semaphores.
// Think of them as a way to implement sleep and wakeup
// such that every sleep is paired with a single wakeup,
// even if, due to races, the wakeup happens before the sleep.
//
// See Mullender and Cox, ``Semaphores in Plan 9,''
// http://swtch.com/semaphore.pdf
package runtime
import (
"runtime/internal/atomic"
"runtime/internal/sys"
"unsafe"
)
// Asynchronous semaphore for sync.Mutex.
type semaRoot struct {
lock mutex
head *sudog
tail *sudog
nwait uint32 // Number of waiters. Read w/o the lock.
}
// Prime to not correlate with any user patterns.
const semTabSize = 251
var semtable [semTabSize]struct {
root semaRoot
pad [sys.CacheLineSize - unsafe.Sizeof(semaRoot{})]byte
}
//go:linkname sync_runtime_Semacquire sync.runtime_Semacquire
func sync_runtime_Semacquire(addr *uint32) {
semacquire(addr, semaBlockProfile)
}
//go:linkname net_runtime_Semacquire net.runtime_Semacquire
func net_runtime_Semacquire(addr *uint32) {
semacquire(addr, semaBlockProfile)
}
//go:linkname sync_runtime_Semrelease sync.runtime_Semrelease
func sync_runtime_Semrelease(addr *uint32) {
semrelease(addr)
}
//go:linkname sync_runtime_SemacquireMutex sync.runtime_SemacquireMutex
func sync_runtime_SemacquireMutex(addr *uint32) {
semacquire(addr, semaBlockProfile|semaMutexProfile)
}
//go:linkname net_runtime_Semrelease net.runtime_Semrelease
func net_runtime_Semrelease(addr *uint32) {
semrelease(addr)
}
func readyWithTime(s *sudog, traceskip int) {
if s.releasetime != 0 {
s.releasetime = cputicks()
}
goready(s.g, traceskip)
}
type semaProfileFlags int
const (
semaBlockProfile semaProfileFlags = 1 << iota
semaMutexProfile
)
// Called from runtime.
func semacquire(addr *uint32, profile semaProfileFlags) {
gp := getg()
if gp != gp.m.curg {
throw("semacquire not on the G stack")
}
// Easy case.
if cansemacquire(addr) {
return
}
// Harder case:
// increment waiter count
// try cansemacquire one more time, return if succeeded
// enqueue itself as a waiter
// sleep
// (waiter descriptor is dequeued by signaler)
s := acquireSudog()
root := semroot(addr)
t0 := int64(0)
s.releasetime = 0
s.acquiretime = 0
if profile&semaBlockProfile != 0 && blockprofilerate > 0 {
t0 = cputicks()
s.releasetime = -1
}
if profile&semaMutexProfile != 0 && mutexprofilerate > 0 {
if t0 == 0 {
t0 = cputicks()
}
s.acquiretime = t0
}
for {
lock(&root.lock)
// Add ourselves to nwait to disable "easy case" in semrelease.
atomic.Xadd(&root.nwait, 1)
// Check cansemacquire to avoid missed wakeup.
if cansemacquire(addr) {
atomic.Xadd(&root.nwait, -1)
unlock(&root.lock)
break
}
// Any semrelease after the cansemacquire knows we're waiting
// (we set nwait above), so go to sleep.
root.queue(addr, s)
goparkunlock(&root.lock, "semacquire", traceEvGoBlockSync, 4)
if cansemacquire(addr) {
break
}
}
if s.releasetime > 0 {
blockevent(s.releasetime-t0, 3)
}
releaseSudog(s)
}
func semrelease(addr *uint32) {
root := semroot(addr)
atomic.Xadd(addr, 1)
// Easy case: no waiters?
// This check must happen after the xadd, to avoid a missed wakeup
// (see loop in semacquire).
if atomic.Load(&root.nwait) == 0 {
return
}
// Harder case: search for a waiter and wake it.
lock(&root.lock)
if atomic.Load(&root.nwait) == 0 {
// The count is already consumed by another goroutine,
// so no need to wake up another goroutine.
unlock(&root.lock)
return
}
s := root.head
for ; s != nil; s = s.next {
if s.elem == unsafe.Pointer(addr) {
atomic.Xadd(&root.nwait, -1)
root.dequeue(s)
break
}
}
if s != nil {
if s.acquiretime != 0 {
t0 := cputicks()
for x := root.head; x != nil; x = x.next {
if x.elem == unsafe.Pointer(addr) {
x.acquiretime = t0
break
}
}
mutexevent(t0-s.acquiretime, 3)
}
}
unlock(&root.lock)
if s != nil { // May be slow, so unlock first
readyWithTime(s, 5)
}
}
func semroot(addr *uint32) *semaRoot {
return &semtable[(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(addr))>>3)%semTabSize].root
}
func cansemacquire(addr *uint32) bool {
for {
v := atomic.Load(addr)
if v == 0 {
return false
}
if atomic.Cas(addr, v, v-1) {
return true
}
}
}
func (root *semaRoot) queue(addr *uint32, s *sudog) {
s.g = getg()
s.elem = unsafe.Pointer(addr)
s.next = nil
s.prev = root.tail
if root.tail != nil {
root.tail.next = s
} else {
root.head = s
}
root.tail = s
}
func (root *semaRoot) dequeue(s *sudog) {
if s.next != nil {
s.next.prev = s.prev
} else {
root.tail = s.prev
}
if s.prev != nil {
s.prev.next = s.next
} else {
root.head = s.next
}
s.elem = nil
s.next = nil
s.prev = nil
}
// notifyList is a ticket-based notification list used to implement sync.Cond.
//
// It must be kept in sync with the sync package.
type notifyList struct {
// wait is the ticket number of the next waiter. It is atomically
// incremented outside the lock.
wait uint32
// notify is the ticket number of the next waiter to be notified. It can
// be read outside the lock, but is only written to with lock held.
//
// Both wait & notify can wrap around, and such cases will be correctly
// handled as long as their "unwrapped" difference is bounded by 2^31.
// For this not to be the case, we'd need to have 2^31+ goroutines
// blocked on the same condvar, which is currently not possible.
notify uint32
// List of parked waiters.
lock mutex
head *sudog
tail *sudog
}
// less checks if a < b, considering a & b running counts that may overflow the
// 32-bit range, and that their "unwrapped" difference is always less than 2^31.
func less(a, b uint32) bool {
return int32(a-b) < 0
}
// notifyListAdd adds the caller to a notify list such that it can receive
// notifications. The caller must eventually call notifyListWait to wait for
// such a notification, passing the returned ticket number.
//go:linkname notifyListAdd sync.runtime_notifyListAdd
func notifyListAdd(l *notifyList) uint32 {
// This may be called concurrently, for example, when called from
// sync.Cond.Wait while holding a RWMutex in read mode.
return atomic.Xadd(&l.wait, 1) - 1
}
// notifyListWait waits for a notification. If one has been sent since
// notifyListAdd was called, it returns immediately. Otherwise, it blocks.
//go:linkname notifyListWait sync.runtime_notifyListWait
func notifyListWait(l *notifyList, t uint32) {
lock(&l.lock)
// Return right away if this ticket has already been notified.
if less(t, l.notify) {
unlock(&l.lock)
return
}
// Enqueue itself.
s := acquireSudog()
s.g = getg()
s.ticket = t
s.releasetime = 0
t0 := int64(0)
if blockprofilerate > 0 {
t0 = cputicks()
s.releasetime = -1
}
if l.tail == nil {
l.head = s
} else {
l.tail.next = s
}
l.tail = s
goparkunlock(&l.lock, "semacquire", traceEvGoBlockCond, 3)
if t0 != 0 {
blockevent(s.releasetime-t0, 2)
}
releaseSudog(s)
}
// notifyListNotifyAll notifies all entries in the list.
//go:linkname notifyListNotifyAll sync.runtime_notifyListNotifyAll
func notifyListNotifyAll(l *notifyList) {
// Fast-path: if there are no new waiters since the last notification
// we don't need to acquire the lock.
if atomic.Load(&l.wait) == atomic.Load(&l.notify) {
return
}
// Pull the list out into a local variable, waiters will be readied
// outside the lock.
lock(&l.lock)
s := l.head
l.head = nil
l.tail = nil
// Update the next ticket to be notified. We can set it to the current
// value of wait because any previous waiters are already in the list
// or will notice that they have already been notified when trying to
// add themselves to the list.
atomic.Store(&l.notify, atomic.Load(&l.wait))
unlock(&l.lock)
// Go through the local list and ready all waiters.
for s != nil {
next := s.next
s.next = nil
readyWithTime(s, 4)
s = next
}
}
// notifyListNotifyOne notifies one entry in the list.
//go:linkname notifyListNotifyOne sync.runtime_notifyListNotifyOne
func notifyListNotifyOne(l *notifyList) {
// Fast-path: if there are no new waiters since the last notification
// we don't need to acquire the lock at all.
if atomic.Load(&l.wait) == atomic.Load(&l.notify) {
return
}
lock(&l.lock)
// Re-check under the lock if we need to do anything.
t := l.notify
if t == atomic.Load(&l.wait) {
unlock(&l.lock)
return
}
// Update the next notify ticket number, and try to find the G that
// needs to be notified. If it hasn't made it to the list yet we won't
// find it, but it won't park itself once it sees the new notify number.
atomic.Store(&l.notify, t+1)
for p, s := (*sudog)(nil), l.head; s != nil; p, s = s, s.next {
if s.ticket == t {
n := s.next
if p != nil {
p.next = n
} else {
l.head = n
}
if n == nil {
l.tail = p
}
unlock(&l.lock)
s.next = nil
readyWithTime(s, 4)
return
}
}
unlock(&l.lock)
}
//go:linkname notifyListCheck sync.runtime_notifyListCheck
func notifyListCheck(sz uintptr) {
if sz != unsafe.Sizeof(notifyList{}) {
print("runtime: bad notifyList size - sync=", sz, " runtime=", unsafe.Sizeof(notifyList{}), "\n")
throw("bad notifyList size")
}
}